Wind Power: 20 Projects to Make with Paper
By Clive Dobson
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About this ebook
A beginner's guide to wind power and an invitation to experiment with wind and its potential as an energy source.
Wind-powered generators are now used worldwide as a reliable source of "green" energy. How does wind create power? What is wind? What scientific characteristics make pinwheels, windmills and wind turbines spin? What makes them turn faster and more efficiently? Will we ever see a day when every home is powered by its own wind generator? This new book answers these critical questions and many more in clear, non-technical language.
Wind Power provides 20 unique projects for youth that use, adapt and illustrate the power of the wind. Artist Clive Dobson provides a basic scientific understanding of wind power and the ways in which it can be harnessed for vital tasks that require energy.
The book encourages young readers to experiment with wind so they can experience the properties of moving air on various windmill shapes and discover through trial and error what makes them effective for toys, artwork, kinetic power and even for generating electricity.
This ideal beginner's guide to the power of the wind offers:
- Real-life examples of wind power from history and current everyday uses
- 20 projects for all ages and skill levels, from a simple two-blade pinwheel to a sophisticated six-sail windmill to a modern turbine with airfoil blades
- Clear illustrations and photographs that complement the step-by-step construction instructions
- Hands-on experience that provides a clear understanding of scientific principles
- Inspiration for beginners to experiment with wind
- Reflections on the modern use of wind power in building a sustainable future
The creative challenges in this compact book of projects will inspire future generations to become more self-sufficient.
Clive Dobson
by Clive Dobson
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Book preview
Wind Power - Clive Dobson
Published by Firefly Books Ltd. 2010
Copyright ©2010 Firefly Books Ltd.
Text copyright ©2010 Clive Dobson
Illustrations copyright ©2010 Clive Dobson
Photographs copyright ©2010 Clive Dobson except as noted
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The publisher gratefully acknowledges the financial support for our publishing program by the
Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund as administered by the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Dobson, Clive, 1949-
Wind power : 20 projects to make with paper / Clive Dobson.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-55407-749-6 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 1-55407-749-4 (pbk.)
ISBN-13: 978-1-55407-659-8 (bound) ISBN-10: 1-55407-659-5 (bound)
1. Wind power--Juvenile literature. 2. Paper work--Juvenile literature. I. Title.
TJ820.D62 2010 j621.31’2136 C2010-903669-7
Publisher Cataloging-in-Publication Data (U.S.)
Dobson, Clive.
Wind power : 20 projects to make with paper / Clive Dobson.
[96] p. : ill. (some col.), col. photos. ; cm.
Includes bibliographic references and index.
Summary: Projects for youth that use, adapt and illustrate the power of the wind. Includes a basic scientific understanding
of wind power and the ways in which it can be harnessed for vital tasks that require energy.
ISBN-13: 978-1-55407-749-6 (pbk.) ISBN-10: 1-55407-749-4 (pbk.)
ISBN-13: 978-1-55407-659-8 (bound) ISBN-10: 1-55407-659-5 (bound)
1. Wind power – Juvenile literature. 2. Science projects – Juvenile literature. I. Title.
621.45 dc22 TJ820.D6376 2010
Published in the United States by
Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc.
P.O. Box 1338, Ellicott Station,
Buffalo, New York 14205
Published in Canada by
Firefly Books Ltd.
50 Staples Ave,
Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 0A7
Cover design: McCorkindale Advertising & Design
eBook Design: George Walker, Firefly Books Ltd.
Photography editing by Jolie Dobson Photography
CONTENTS
Introduction
Wind
The power of the Sun
Prevailing winds
Seeing wind
Measuring wind
The Beaufort Wind Force Scale
A Short History of Wind Power
From Egypt to Persia and the Mediterranean: sailing and the first windmills
A good idea spreads northward
500 years to perfect the windmill
The Industrial Revolution
Pumping water for livestock in America
Generating electricity
Experimenting with electricity
Common sense and the Jacobs wind turbine
The Gedser Mollen
NASA and beyond
Some Basic Principles
Sailboats and windmills
Windmills with sails
Angle of attack
Streamlining
Airfoils, lift and drag
Bernoulli’s Principle
Airfoils and wind turbines
Limitations
Betz’s Law
Hurricane winds
Turbulence
Pulse and vibration
A question of size
Hawts versus Vawts
Pros and cons of horizontal axis wind turbines versus vertical axis wind turbines
Experimenting With Wind
Drawing
Prototypes
Materials
Tools
Geometry
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Pinwheels
Construction tips
2-Blade Pinwheel
3-Blade Pinwheel
4-Blade Pinwheel
5-Blade Pinwheel
6-Blade Pinwheel
Experimental Windmills
X Windmill A
X Windmill B
X Windmill C
Windmills
6-Blade Windmill
12-Blade Windmill
Square HAWT 1
Square HAWT 2
6-Blade Star
Experimental HAWTs
X HAWT A
X HAWT B and X HAWT C
Sunflower Turbine
Modern Wind Turbines
Modern Turbine
Modern Turbine with Airfoil Blades
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
2-Blade VAWT
Ventilato1
3-Blade VAWT
X 3-Blade VAWT
Easy 6-Blade VAWT
6-Blade VAWT
Savonius
Squirrel Cage
The Future of Wind Power
Glossary
Photo Credits
Sources and Resources
New and old: Giant wind turbines generating electrical power and a ranch water-pumping windmill at Rio Vista, California.
Introduction
As the true method of knowledge is experiment
the true faculty of knowing must be the faculty
which experiences. — William Blake, 1788
Although this quote from the poet William Blake is taken out of its original context, it is relevant to the intentions of this book. Through experimentation with pinwheels and other small turbines you design and make for yourself out of simple materials and using basic geometry, you can learn more about the power of wind. You can experience the properties of moving air on various forms and discover through trial and error what makes them effective — or not — for toys, artwork, kinetic power and even for generating electricity. The forms your projects can take are almost as infinite and limitless as the wind itself.