Temukan book favorit Anda selanjutnya

Jadilah anggota hari ini dan baca gratis selama 30 hariMulai 30 hari gratis Anda

Informasi Buku

A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Oleh Anton Ausgustus Schlichte

Tindakan Buku

Mulai Membaca

Panjangnya: 87 halaman54 menit

Penerbit:: Owen Press
Dirilis:: Sep 6, 2017
ISBN:: 9781473340381
Format:: Buku

Deskripsi

This vintage book contains a comprehensive treatise on the scientific and chemical processes involved in making leather. Although old, much of the information contained within this volume is timeless and will be of utility to the modern reader with a serious interest in leather work and manufacture. Contents include: "Study of Microscopic Changes in Hides during their Conversion into Leather", "Review of Literature", "Experimental Work on Technique of Imbedding and Cutting Tissue", "Study of Changes in Structure during tanning", "Study of Changes in Volume and Weight of Calfskins during the Liming Process", et cetera. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned new introduction.

Baca Selengkapnya

Tindakan Buku

Mulai Membaca

Informasi Buku

A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Oleh Anton Ausgustus Schlichte

Panjangnya: 87 halaman54 menit

Deskripsi

Baca Selengkapnya

Penerbit:: Owen Press
Dirilis:: Sep 6, 2017
ISBN:: 9781473340381
Format:: Buku

Tentang penulis

Anton Ausgustus Schlichte

Penulis Terkait

Skip carousel

carousel previous carousel next

Terkait dengan A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Kategori Terkait

Pratinjau Buku

A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather - Anton Ausgustus Schlichte

research.

INTRODUCTION.

The use of hides both as skins and leather for protection against cold and rain, for weapons, or for ornaments, dates back to the remotest history of man.

While the hides were tanned in the earlier times with the hair on, methods were soon found to remove it and thus improve the product. The first substance used was probably wood ashes and this continued as the standard for some time. After tanneries were established, for up to this time the tanning was done only on a small scale, new substances were sought for, and lime, one of the oldest depilatory agents, was used. The method followed was to slack the lime in pits and soak the hides in a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide. This method although slightly modified has remained practically the same for centuries.

The tanning process was and is in general the following:

1. Hides are soaked to remove blood and dirt and to bring them back as nearly as possible to their original condition.

2. They are placed in pits containing milk of lime, bacteria being always present and sulphides being frequently added, for from 3 to 18 days until the hair slips easily, that is, can be easily removed.

3. They are then bated to remove lime and bring the skin into the desired physical condition. The bate may be either acid or bacterial.

4. The next step is the pickling process in which the skins are treated usually with salt and sulphuric acid.

5. Then follows the tanning process proper, which may be either a mineral or a vegetable tannage.

6. The last step is a finishing process.

The entire tanning process has thus far been outlined to show the dependence of the finished product upon the correct performance of each succeeding step of the process. It is only through tests on the finished leather that the effect of any alteration in any step of the process can be detected.

The liming process is the one studied in greatest detail in this paper but any changes due to this operation can be detected only in the finished product. Moreover, the method of soaking must, because of its influence, also be specified. The object of soaking hides is to cause them to resume as nearly as possible their original clean and pliable condition. This part of the process while not so important when green hides are used becomes a matter of great importance when dried hides are to be investigated. The length of soaking, number of changes of water and the acids or alkalies which may have been added, all have an effect on the final product. Should the hides be soaked too long or should the water not be renewed frequently enough, bacteria multiply and a part or, in extreme cases, all of the hide may be lost. On the other hand acids and alkalies cause swelling of the hide and if too much of either be added the hide will be plumped too much.¹ This, while not fatal to a good final product, has its disadvantages and as a rule causes trouble.

The object of liming is not alone the removal of the hair but also the loosening of the fiber bundles. More surface is thus exposed and hence the tanning agents are taken up more readily. In the vegetable tannage this makes a heavier leather. In the mineral tannage the loosening of the fiber bundles makes a more pliable leather.² The latter object is of great importance in the chrome tannage which is the method most used in manufacturing light or upper leathers. The hides after soaking are placed in pits in which an excess of calcium hydroxide is always present and to which some sodium or arsenic sulphide may or may not have been added. The hides are hauled, that is, taken out and the lime bettered once a day until the hair slips easily. It requires much practice and experience before one is able to tell exactly whether a hide is done or not, and the method is not only unsatisfactory but also erg unscientific, for the personal equation of the operator plays too important a part. The hides are then soaked in warm water, paddled and beamed. In the latter process the skin is placed over a piece of wood semi circular in cross section and the hair is removed with a blunt knife. The long hairs comes off very easily but the fine or ground hair and the pigment, especially in the case of black skins, cause some trouble. Part of the intercellular substance, corium, seud or gneiss and some lime soaps are also removed in this

Anda telah mencapai akhir dari pratinjau ini. Daftarlah untuk membaca selengkapnya!

Mulai uji coba gratis Anda

Halaman 1 dari 1

Ulasan

Pendapat orang tentang A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Nilai: 0 dari 5 bintang

0 peringkat / 0 ulasan

Bagaimana pendapat Anda?

Nilai: dari 5 bintang

Tulis ulasan (opsional)

Bahasa

Selamat datang di Scribd!

Temukan book favorit Anda selanjutnya

Informasi Buku

A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Tindakan Buku

Deskripsi

Tindakan Buku

Informasi Buku

A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Deskripsi

Tentang penulis

Penulis Terkait

Terkait dengan A Study of the Changes in Skins During Their Conversion into Leather

Uppers, Leather and Findings

The Principles of Leather Manufacture

Taxidermy Vol. 12 Tanning - Outlining the Various Methods of Tanning

The Gleanings of Tanning

A Guide to Making a Leather Purse - A Collection of Historical Articles on Designs and Methods for Making Purses

Projects in Leather - A Historical Article Containing Instructions for Making Key Cases, Book Marks, Purses and Much More

Practical Tanning: A Handbook of Modern Processes, Receipts, and Suggestions for the Treatment of Hides, Skins, and Pelts of Every Description - Including Various Patents Relating to Tanning, with Specifications

Furskin Processing: The Commonwealth and International Library: Leather Technology

A Guide to the Decoration of Leather - A Collection of Historical Articles on Stamping, Burning, Mosaics and Other Aspects of Leather Decoration

The Manufacture of Leather

Something about Leather - Being a Collection of Entertaining Facts not Commonly Known Concerning Various Skins also what is made of them with a very brief Sketch of the History of Tanning

The Bark Tanning Process - A Collection of Historical Articles on Leather Production

Seven Easy and Cheap Methods for Preparing, Tanning, Dressing, Scenting and Renovating all Wool and Fur Peltries: Also all Fine Leather as Adapted to the Manufacture of Robes, Mats, Caps, Gloves, Mitts, Overshoes

Hides and Skins and the Manufacture of Leather - A Layman's View of the Industry

Tanning Chemistry: The Science of Leather

Leather Work - A Practical Manual for Learners

A Guide to Making Leather Gloves - A Collection of Historical Articles on the Methods and Materials Used in Glove Making

Leather Craft

Leather Craft Manual

Leathercraft - Materials and Tools, Construction Methods, General Working Hints and Forms of Decoration

A Guide to Making a Leather Wallet - A Collection of Historical Articles on Designs and Methods for Making Wallets and Billfolds

Leathers, Skins and Tools for Artistic Leather Work

Home Tanning of Leather and Small Fur Skins

Handbook for Shoe and Leather Processing - Leathers, Tanning, Fatliquoring, Finishing, Oiling, Waterproofing, Spotting, Dyeing, Cleaning, Polishing, R

Leather Work - Including Glove Making

A Guide to Making a Leather Belt - A Collection of Historical Articles on Designs and Methods for Making Belts

Artistic Leather Work - A Handbook on the Art of Decorating Leather

Let’S Work with Leather

Leathercraft for Amateurs

Improving Office Productivity with Technology: Dylan McCrory, SVP of Solutions at SiteREADY, joins host Michael Bull on America's Commercial Rea...

Vegan Leather….It’s not Your Mom’s Pleather! (VZ 335): When we first became vegetarians in 2013, the state of vegan fashion wasn’t nearly what it is now. And that was only 6 years ago! Today, as more and more people understand that we don’t need to use animals for food and clothing,

TEI 081: Innovation Wars & creating products customers want: The Everyday Innovator is a weekly podcast dedicated to your success as a product manager, developer, and innovator. Join me us for interviews with product prof

1153: 3 Ways I Use Technology to Find Happiness by Brendan Kane on Being Happy

World Travel on a Rocket - Mark Holmes: When Mark lost his business, and then eleven days later his wife died, he made a decision to go on a motorcycle trip around the world. Riding a Triumph Rocket X, the largest capacity motorcycle in the world, was definitely a conversation piece and an...

#95 - Craftsman Creates $350,000 Hustle from Handcrafted Leather Products: A leather craftsman starts a successful, multiple six-figure side hustle after being inspired by the tannery he works at for his day job.

S03 Episode 154 | MOHINDERS + HEIRLOOM LEATHER TRADITIONS: MOHINDERS + HEIRLOOM LEATHER TRADITIONS

Podcast413: Post-Workshop Reflections on Improving Student Writing with iPads: This audio podcast is a reflection by Wesley and Shelly Fryer following a series of workshops on "Improving Student Writing with iPads" shared in Lewisville, Texas, January 23 and 24, 2014

30,000 Pounds Per Day, Efficiency Machine Did $7m Last Year on Industrial Planks with Brian Adams of Rumber.com EP 196: Ep 196 Brian Adams, CEO of Rumber Materials Inc

Deborah Hopkins (Citi) - Talking About a Revolution

BI in 2011 and Beyond: Today’s BI is reactive, strategic, casual, whenever, and reliable. With the introduction of Social Media and mobile business tools, the old walls between BI users and IT will disappear. Already BI decisions are becoming collaborative,

A Youtuber's Journey Of Launching Products Based on Community Feedback: In this episode, you'll learn from an entrepreneur who created a brand based on their YouTube and Facebook community.

Social Media Testing | Joseph Travis | Episode 214: Finding Your Place in Social Media

Episode 004 – Technology and Politics: Are the recent debates on net neutrality, the protests of Google buses, even SOPA a sign of things to come? Building on Ben’s article The Net Neutrality Wake-up Call Ben and James discuss the intersection of technology and politics.

Product Failures: eBay: In the early 2000's eBay was in direct competition with Amazon but they had very different methodologies when approaching the market.

#145 5 Ideas for Technology Stations: Leslie Swanson-Anaya @InspiredLeslie elementary teacher of the year for Texas region 15 has ideas for awesome technology stations. These apps will work for all ages of students and subjects. Learn how she helps students learn and progress using...

Shed Defender - The 7 Year Overnight Success and How You Can Do the Same: Growth Lessons from a Small Entrepreneurial E-Commerce Brand

327: The Future of Microcirculation: Today my guest is Bill Sickert, who is here to discuss the paradigm shift in microcirculation and human health. Bill brings with him over 35 Years of health and wellness experience and has a really fascinating device called AVACEN - and we will hear ab...

The Sustainable Life

Schwarz Custom Boots Top Leather Providers

Maverick Leather Company’s Wrangler Horsefronts

Complete Liquidation Of World Class Leather Tanning Operation

In the NUDE

How To Save Our Hides

In the NUDE

Into The Blue

Pro-Carv Casing Concentrate

Skin, Deep

Texas Harness

Heirloom Quality Meets Neo-Minimalism

It’s In The DISCOVERY

30 Pounds of Scrap Leather

TUSCANY by SCALA

The Hide Report

Cleaning Your Fine Leather

“I Avoid Meat But Should I Stop Using My Old Leather Boots And Bags?”

Sheath Upkeep: Proper Care and Maintenance for Your Sidekick’s Home