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    Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project
    Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project
    Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project
    Ebook227 pages57 minutes

    Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project

    By Timothy Joseph

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    The atomic age began at 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, with the explosion of “the Gadget” at Trinity near Alamogordo, New Mexico. Prelude to the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which forced the capitulation of Japan and ended World War II, the Trinity test was the culmination of herculean efforts by scientists, civilians, and the military of the United States to tap the potential of the atom for a wartime emergency. If Nazi Germany could engineer the bomb first, an Allied victory against Hitler was all but lost. Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project is a look back at the epic struggle to build the world’s first atomic bomb. 

    Nearly 200 images in vivid black-and-white reveal the project as it unfolded, from its secretive origins at Oak Ridge, Hanford, and Los Alamos, to the day Americans celebrated triumph over the Axis powers with victory over Japan. A pinnacle moment in the history of the United States, the Manhattan Project’s application of Einstein’s famous equation E=MC2 shows, perhaps better than any other single endeavor, what can be achieved by human ingenuity when the citizens of a great nation are united in freedom against a fearsome and despotic foe.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherTurner Publishing Company
    Release dateMay 1, 2009
    ISBN9781618584380
    Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project
    Author

    Timothy Joseph

    Timothy Joseph, a high school science teacher, earned a PhD, was a college professor, corporate manager, senior scientist, and weekly newspaper columnist. He is a freelance technical writer, and gives Creative Writing talks to local schools and organizations. His debut novel, Four-Fifths, was published in 2000, for which he won the Word Weaver Award of Excellence. His second book, Reflections On Love, was published in 2002, and Four-Fifths Endowed, (sequel to Four-Fifths) was published in 2005. In 2009 his nonfiction coffee-table book, Historical Photos of the Manhattan Project, was published by Turner Publishing. Tim received a Technical Communication Award of Excellence, and his literary writing was recognized by the Tennessee Arts Commission. His goal is to use his literary voice and style to bring to the page the intense emotions of life, especially love, happiness, and passion. His newest work, My Water Path, (Jan 2014, POFP-Publisher), was built upon Tim's youth in the south where he grew up surrounded by prejudice and bigotry. Even as a child he could not comprehend racial disdain. This story is a testament to his love of humanity and belief in the equality of all. Tim and his wife Marsha live in Rockwood, TN. Please visit his site to see his other works including his many essays. (www.timothyjoseph.net) Please contact Tim for signed copies of books. They are not at the prices shown here. You may go to his site, www.timothyjoseph.net to order, or send him an email, timjosephphd@gmail.com He says "Thanks" and sends his love.

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      Book preview

      Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project - Timothy Joseph

      HISTORIC PHOTOS OF

      THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

      TEXT AND CAPTIONS BY TIMOTHY JOSEPH, PH.D.

      In September 1942, when General Leslie Groves purchased 59,000 acres between Black Oak Ridge and the Clinch River as the first federal reserve for manufacturing nuclear material for the atomic bomb, there were only about 3,000 residents on rural farms in those valleys. By 1945 there were 75,000 people living in 10,000 family dwellings, 13,000 dormitory spaces, 5,000 trailers, and 16,000 barracks, forever changing the countryside.

      HISTORIC PHOTOS OF

      THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

      Turner Publishing Company

      200 4th Avenue North • Suite 950

      Nashville, Tennessee 37219

      (615) 255-2665

      www.turnerpublishing.com

      Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project

      Copyright © 2009 Turner Publishing Company

      All rights reserved.

      This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

      Library of Congress Control Number: 2008910973

      ISBN-13: 978-1-59652-521-4

      Printed in China

      09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16—0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      CONTENTS

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      PREFACE

      LEADERS, SCIENTISTS, DECISIONS, AND WAR

      HOW AND WHY THE MANHATTAN PROJECT WAS BORN

      HOW AND WHERE TO BUILD THE UNKNOWN

      AN UNIMAGINABLE CONSTRUCTION CHALLENGE

      WORK AND FAMILY LIFE

      THE DEDICATED AMERICANS WHO MADE IT ALL POSSIBLE

      TURNING THEORETICAL PHYSICS INTO NUCLEAR BOMBS

      PROOF OF THE DEVASTATION AND SORROW AHEAD

      THE SADNESS OF WARFARE—THE CELEBRATION OF PEACE

      A DICHOTOMY OF EVIL AND GOOD

      EPILOGUE

      THE END OF A PROJECT, THE BEGINNING OF AN ERA

      NOTES ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS

      Automobiles are being checked before passing through the Elsa Gate portal into the Secret City of Oak Ridge. The home seen through the portal still stands today. The building to the right housed a business which had to be sold because it was inside the controlled area.

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

      This work, Historic Photos of the Manhattan Project, was made possible with photos from the National Archives; the Library of Congress; the United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.; the Oak Ridge Public Library; the United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Office; Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois; and the personal files of George D. Kerr, Knoxville; I appreciate their stewardship of this important and irreplaceable historical national resource.

      ———————

      This book is a visual journey pursued through the eyes and work of those individuals who gave so much to the Manhattan Project effort. It documents in historical photos what can only be described as the most significant and far-reaching challenge the United States ever embarked on. This historical essay is dedicated to two peoples: the Americans who made it a success, and the ill-fated Japanese who suffered the consequence.

      The honor of achievement belongs to every scientist, military and political leader, and every individual worker involved in the Manhattan Project. Although the project ended the war, it did so at a great cost to innocence. This journey is presented with utmost respect and sadness for every individual who unwillingly paid the price of war. Every American celebrated peace, while at the same time shed tears for those innocent people who died and suffered to bring about that peace. If only wisdom could wipe war from the face of the earth as quickly as were so many innocent souls.

      PREFACE

      Philosophers and laymen alike, past, present, and to come, have, and will continue to debate the decision that was made to use nuclear bombs on two Japanese cities. What cannot be debated is whether or not nuclear weapons would have been created—the answer is clear—for even before such a weapon entered the minds of scientists in the United States, Germany was working hard to understand nuclear chain reaction in order to develop the worst of all weapons. What is debatable is what would have happened had our nation ignored the possibility that such a weapon could be created, and thus failed to undertake the enormous challenge to create this horrific technology. Had our enemy constructed the bomb first would it have been dropped on New York or San Francisco? Where would our nation be today had history unfolded differently? That is for all of us to ponder.

      One cannot help associating the use of these dreadful weapons with the killing of thousands of innocent people, forgetting that far more innocent civilians were tragically killed using standard weaponry: guns, cannons, conventional bombs. The only difference between loss of life by thousands of small bombs during hundreds of bombing raids, or two enormous bomb blasts, is the magnitude of the explosion, the length of time required, and the simple fact that no conventional bomb could deliver enough of a threat to end the war.

      Those two bomb blasts cost the lives of thousands, yet saved untold thousands. Many estimates have been made of the number of American and Japanese soldiers and civilians who would have lost their lives had not the war ended with the dropping of the second nuclear weapon, but the numbers far exceed the casualties inflicted by those two terrifying events. Too, there is no debate that bringing into play such a devastating device resulted in the unconditional surrender of the Japanese on August 14, 1945, a day of celebration around the world to announce that peace was finally real.

      This book is a visual recounting of a single project like no other the world had ever seen. Never had so much been accomplished so quickly by so many. The statistics of time, manpower, organization, conditions, and construction were in and of themselves staggering, but

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