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    2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Building Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition in Times of Conflict and Crisis. A Perspective from the near East and North Africa Region
    2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Building Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition in Times of Conflict and Crisis. A Perspective from the near East and North Africa Region
    2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Building Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition in Times of Conflict and Crisis. A Perspective from the near East and North Africa Region
    Ebook144 pages1 hour

    2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Building Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition in Times of Conflict and Crisis. A Perspective from the near East and North Africa Region

    By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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    About this ebook

    The level of undernourishment in the conflict countries is now six times larger than that in non-conflict countries, and the level of severe food insecurity in the conflict countries is twice that in others. To get an understanding of the significance of the gap between the two subregions, the prevalence of undernourishment in the NENA conflict countries is similar to that in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of the world, while that in the non-conflict countries is under 5 percent, on the level of developed countries.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Release dateMar 15, 2018
    ISBN9789251302293
    2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition: Building Resilience for Food Security and Nutrition in Times of Conflict and Crisis. A Perspective from the near East and North Africa Region
    Author

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

    An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.

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      Book preview

      2017 near East and North Africa Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

      COVER PHOTOGRAPH

      A woman harvesting wheat

      ©FAO/Marco Longari

      RECOMMENDED CITATION:

      FAO. 2017. Regional overview of food security

      and nutrition - Building resilience for in times of conflict

      and crisis: food security and nutrition a perspective from

      the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region, Cairo. 62 pp.

      The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

      ISBN 978-92-5-130111-1

      E-ISBN 978-92-5-130229-3 (EPUB)

      © FAO, 2017

      FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way.

      All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to copyright@fao.org.

      FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through publications-sales@fao.org.

      KEY MESSAGES

      ➜ Food security in the NENA region is fast deteriorating, driven by conflict and leading to a widening gap in well-being between conflict and non-conflict countries. The level of undernourishment in the conflict countries is now six times larger than that in non-conflict countries, and the level of severe food insecurity in the conflict countries is twice that in others. To get an understanding of the significance of the gap between the two subregions, the prevalence of undernourishment in the NENA conflict countries is similar to that in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) of the world, while that in the non-conflict countries is under 5 percent, on the level of developed countries.

      ➜ The gap in food security has been widening since 2002–04, and has coincided with changes in the intensity of violence in the two subregions. Measures of the intensity of violence for the two subregions have been moving in opposite directions since 2003, after moving towards each other between 1990 and 2002.

      ➜ The growing gap in well-being in the region has affected indicators of child anthropometry for children aged 6 to 59 months. The conflict countries performed poorly in relation to non-conflict countries within each World Bank income class, including low-medium and high-medium income.

      ➜ Conflict causes great challenges for monitoring the SDGs. Measures of food insecurity and nutrition status used to assess SDG Targets 2.1 and 2.2 have inherent limitations that make them less reliable during conflict. UN agencies do gather and assess information on food security and nutrition status during conflict, but these data are not always complete and are difficult to compare with peacetime data. An initial consideration of Syrian malnutrition data collected during conflict gives cause to regard them with scepticism.

      ➜ The 'parting of the ways' extends to policies as well.Conflict countries have few resources to implement government policies designed to achieve SDG 2, since expenditures on dealing with violence and improving security tend to crowd out expenditures on other priorities. In the five states of the region in civil conflict, 21 to 67 percent of the countries’ Gross Domestic Products were spent on perpetrating, containing, preventing and dealing with the consequences of violence.

      ➜ Policies to reduce food insecurity and malnutrition must go far beyond the nutrition and health sectors. A review of development indicators showed that the main regional policy drivers supporting the reduction of undernourishment and stunting in the region have been (1) poverty reduction, (2) economic growth, (3) improvements in maternal and childhood nutrition and public health, (4) increases in the food supply (for malnourishment only) and (5) less episodes of political violence.

      ➜ FAO and the UN System have taken a resiliencecentred approach to development assistance in the region in order to prevent the repetition of the cycle of recurring conflict. A resilience-centred approach recognises that the crises in Yemen, the Sudan, Libya, the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq are not only humanitarian and political but also developmental and that the development needs of the population should be addressed simultaneously with other needs. This is part of FAO’s efforts towards building peace in the region. Sustaining peace is not only a post-conflict activity but should be a priority for assistance in countries before, during and after conflict.

      ➜ Responsibility for finding political solutions to conflict and ensuring that they are implemented falls to Member States. The 2030 Agenda adopted by the Member States in September 2015 provides a set of interrelated goals that both support sustainable development and sustain peace.

      CONTENTS

      KEY MESSAGES

      FOREWORD

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      INTRODUCTION

      PART I

      REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION INDICATORS

      Measures of hunger and food insecurity under SDG Target 2.1

      SDG Target 2.1: hunger and food insecurity in NENA countries, 2014–16

      SDG Target 2.2: child malnutrition in NENA countries

      Estimates of food insecurity and nutrition status during conflict

      PART II

      REGIONAL POLICY DRIVERS TO SUPPORT ACHIEVING SDG 2 TARGETS

      Previous progress towards SDG Targets 2.1 and 2.2: reduction of undernourishment and stunting in NENA countries

      Correlates of stunting and undernourishment reduction in the NENA region

      Poverty reduction and social protection policies

      Economic growth policies

      Maternal and childhood nutrition and public health policies

      Food supply policies

      PART III

      THE COSTS OF CONFLICT AND BUILDING PEACE IN THE NENA REGION

      Conflict in the NENA countries

      The costs of conflict: humanitarian crises

      Building resilience for food security in conflict countries

      The FAO resilience framework

      Livelihood support to promote (re-)engagement in productive economic activities

      Facilitated community-based approaches to build trust and support social cohesion

      Institutional capacity building and improving governance

      Addressing the structural challenges to sustain peace, stability and reconstruction

      Member States must do their part for sustaining peace by upholding the 2030 Agenda

      CONCLUSION

      ANNEXS

      Annex I. Definitions of child anthropometric status and malnutrition indicators

      Annex 2. Abbreviations and Acronyms

      Annex 3. Country and Territory Abbreviations

      REFERENCES

      FIGURES, TABLES AND BOXES

      FIGURES

      Figure 1: Levels of food insecurity captured by the food insecurity experience scale survey module

      Figure 2: The 'parting of the ways' between the conflict and non-conflict countries in the NENA region, 1990–2015

      Figure 3: GDP per capita and the prevalence of obesity in NENA countries,2014/15

      Figure 4: Universal fuel and food subsidies in NENA countries (% of GDP)

      Figure 5: Prevalence

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