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    HVAC Principles And Systems
    HVAC Principles And Systems
    HVAC Principles And Systems
    Ebook164 pages1 hour

    HVAC Principles And Systems

    By Dr.Ilango Sivaraman

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    About this ebook

    As Humans’ need for comfort living takes priority, Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC)would assume more importance and priority – The number and percentage of people opting, creating and living in conditioned spaces might also serve as an index for living standards.
    In my search for understanding the different types of styles and configurations of HVAC systems - I finally realized that I could understand the different executions only if I work with a HVAC company. This somehow materialized – I started working for Superior air- a HVAC subcontractor engaged in providing, installing HVAC systems in San Diego City in California.
    My learning started with studying their installations, visiting job sites and looking at construction and approved drawings.
    I also had the opportunity to interact with construction supervisors, experts in HVAC systems, and construction workers.
    The installations I visited are mostly in commercial / office buildings and involved almost all the types mentioned in the book. To facilitate ease of understanding, the book includes maximum possible images of the systems/ lay outs.
    I will be extremely thankful to the readers if they could give me feedback comments and any other information/images that can be included for regular updates.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherDr.Ilango Sivaraman
    Release dateJun 15, 2019
    ISBN9780463301791
    HVAC Principles And Systems
    Author

    Dr.Ilango Sivaraman

    The author is a Mechanical Engineering graduate from Madras University( Guindy Engineering College, Chennai, India).Then came, IIFT, MBA and Finally PhD in Management from Jain University, Bangalore.Work Experience - Starting with Greaves Cotton,Hyderabad Industries,Ashok Leyland, Best Crompton and Sundaram Clayton - Finally on my own with SEA Hydropower Pvt Ltd.,Hands on experience in managing/ manufacturing hydraulic cylinder/ Power packs and Pneumatic cylinders and control units at SEA Hydropower.Past few years teaching Engineering and Management subjects in Caledonian Engineering College at Muscat,Sultanate of Oman.Living in Muscat with wife, Sandhya.Introduction to Hydraulics and Pneumatics is a print version of my other book( Co authored) and published by PHI learning, India.

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      Book preview

      HVAC Principles And Systems - Dr.Ilango Sivaraman

      Chapter Objectives

      We select a place to live and the foremost question about the location of our choice perhaps is How is the climate at this location?

      "Does it have all four seasons or only one season of cold or hot weather throughout the year? (Climate is the average of weather conditions that persists throughout the year.)

      In the place where I was brought up – the weather is normally hot throughout the year – Meaning, there is no winter – except for a few days of cool mornings (about 20 Deg C or 68 Deg F) during December months. Otherwise, the normal temperature most of the times is about 30 to 35 Deg C (86 Deg F to 95 Deg F).

      Science and technology, in the present days have made the job of providing a good ‘weather’ inside in all dwellings – like – homes, restaurants and other public closed spaces. The process is referred as ‘Conditioning’ of the space we frequent or live in.

      This Conditioning of our space includes not only cooling, but also heating and ventilating the space.

      About air

      The air in Earth’s atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. Air also has small amounts of lots of other gases, too, such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen.

      This air has heat and can be measured by thermometers and expressed in Deg. C or Deg Fahrenheit.

      The air also contains water vapor – it is not water itself – so we do not get wet. ‘Humidity’ is the amount of water vapor in the air. The question is at what temperature and humidity conditions we would feel comfortable.

      As per the article (https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-people-feel-hot/) in the magazine referred, our human body functions best when ambient temperature is around 21 Deg C or 70 degrees Fahrenheit, where we feel most comfortable, and they serve to maintain core body temperature around 98 degrees F.

      Absolute humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air- when we talk about the amount of water vapor, we also must mention the amount of water vapor contained in a certain amount of air. Therefore, it is expressed as amount of water vapor divided by the amount of air in a certain air volume of space.

      We must also understand that the air does not always have the same amount of water vapor or the absolute humidity all the time. However, the air can hold up to a maximum limit of absolute humidity.

      Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolutehumidity, which will depend upon the current air temperature. Relative humidity is the term weather forecasters use most often. If the weather forecasting is 82% relative humidity, it means that the air was 82 percent on the way to condensation.

      A relative humidity of 100% means that the air can't hold any more water vapor. It's totally saturated. When this occurs, it can rain. In fact, the relative humidity must be 100% where clouds are forming for it to rain. However, at ground level where the rain lands, the relative humidity can be less than 100%.

      Humans are sensitive to changes in humidity, because our skin uses the air around us to get rid of moisturein the form of sweat. If the relative humidity is very high, the air is already saturatedwith water vapor and our sweat won't evaporate. When this happens, we feel hotter than the actual temperature.

      Likewise, very low humiditycan make us feel cooler than the actual temperature. This happens because the dry air helps sweat evaporate more quickly than usual.

      Studies have shown that we tend to feel most comfortable at a relative humidity of around 45%. Some people use special machines called humidifiers (add humidity) or dehumidifiers (remove humidity) to keep indoor humidity at a comfortable level.

      How humidity in air affects air conditioning

      Air conditioners cool by removing heat and moisture from the air. When humidity levels are excessive, they need to work a lot harder- because the air is holding extra moisture that needs more efficiency for removing the excessive humidity. The system will be working longer and harder without providing the desired result. This adds wear to the unit and can result in higher utility bills.

      If you are using your central air conditioning system, but not getting the results you want, you can safely assume one of the problems is excess moisture in the air. Some obvious signals that you'll experience if this is the case include:

      1. The air in your home feels moist

      2. There is a damp or musty smell in parts of your home

      3. Your windows are foggy.

      These factors can tell you there is too much humidity present and you should take action to adjust humidity levels. For the summer months, a humidity level below 60% is recommended by most experts for indoor comfort.

      One way to tackle excess humidity is to have a dehumidifier with your air conditioning system. The dehumidifier will work with your air conditioning system to pull excess water from the air before it is sent through the air ducts in your home.

      In the winter, low humidity becomes the primary problem in many homes as cold air is not able to hold as much moisture as warm air. The problems that arise in the home can include discomforts from dry skin, dry nasal passages, irritated eyes and aggravated sinuses This issue can be tackled by adding a humidifier along with your AC system. The humidifier adds moisture to the air space.

      An indoor humidity level of 30 - 40%

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