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    Artificial Reproduction in Mammals
    Artificial Reproduction in Mammals
    Artificial Reproduction in Mammals
    Ebook153 pages1 hour

    Artificial Reproduction in Mammals

    By Peter A.J. Holst MD PhD

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    About this ebook

    Man has started to use the knowledge and control of reproduction processes in livestock farming. Since the fifties of the 20th century, intensive farming by artificial insemination has increased considerably. At the same time, the number of cancer diseases is on the rise and is nowadays prime cause of chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly.

    The pig used to be kept as a food reserve for the cold winter months. Hams and sausages etc. We have started to eat more meat without fruit and vegetables.The theme of "artificial reproduction in mammals for increasing meat production" has never been brought before. Making livestock farming more sustainable is certainly not going to work to prevent global warming and the loss of plant and animal species. To make this book not only a message of doom I do proposals for more plant based food and for energy transition in the form of chemical production of hydrogen for fuel cells. What does energy transition have to do with the damaging consequences of greatly increased meat production? Farmers can repurpose their stalls with a power plant for heat and LED lighting. Strawberries, mushrooms, peppers, lettuce, grapes and pineapples can now also be produced in winter. With local production with a greater supply and diversity, the supply of fruit and vegetables over the equator will decrease.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPeter A.J. Holst MD PhD
    Release dateJun 26, 2019
    ISBN9781393790372
    Artificial Reproduction in Mammals

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      Artificial Reproduction in Mammals - Peter A.J. Holst MD PhD

      SYNOPSIS

      In the past many large and small mammals have been domesticated. The population has acquired immunity against the great epidemics of the past. Zoonotic infections like the black plague, smallpox, tuberculosis, measles, typhoid and cholera could be treated with vaccination and antibiotics.

      Since the middle of the twentieth century we have a new situation, caused by intensive farming. All meat of our farmed mammals is only produced by artificial insemination. Bird flu, mad cow disease and swine fever are the result of intensive livestock farming. The population is now confronted with a new type of more intensive and intracellular infections with RNA-viruses. Batteries of laying hens and broilers spread leukemia virus in raw egg proteins. Meat cows and dairy cows spread leukemia viruses in the food chain. Fast food, unnatural food and hamburger consumption lead to obesity and chronic diseases. In the meantime, the number of cancer diseases is increasing and is nowadays prime cause of chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly.

      Global warming is largely the result of intensive livestock production. During the last ice age man was forced to eat more meat because there were fewer grains, fruits, nuts and seeds. Will modern man eat more vegetable food now that the earth is warming up?

      The theme of artificial reproduction in mammals for increasing meat production has never been brought before. Making livestock farming more sustainable is certainly not going to work to prevent global warming and the loss of plant and animal species. To make this book not only a message of doom I do proposals for more plant food and energy transition in the form of chemical production of hydrogen for fuel cells. Farmers can repurpose their stalls with a power plant for heat and LED lighting. What does energy transition have to do with the damaging consequences of greatly increased meat production? The pig used to be kept as a food reserve for the cold winter months. Hams and sausages etc. We have started to eat more meat without fruit and vegetables. Strawberries, mushrooms, peppers, lettuce, grapes and pineapples can now also be produced in winter.  With local production with a greater supply and diversity, the supply of fruit and vegetables over the equator will decrease.

      Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is a chemical compound from which hydrogen can be extracted. In combination with fuel cells, electricity can be produced safely and with only water as a residual product. A Dutch inventor mixed the powder with high purity water and a catalyst. From this slurry is 95% of the theoretically feasible amount of hydrogen recovered. A huge success that has since been patented and H2 fuel is being developed in collaboration with TU Delft.

      A Hyundai NEXO is equipped with a 156-liter compression tank (700 bar) with hydrogen gas and has a range of 666 km. The high vehicle weight (1814 kg) comes at the expense of acceleration. With a 60-liter normal tank with sodium borohydride powder slurry, a hydrogen car can be much lighter and have a range of 700 km (2.5 times larger with the same amount of hydrogen).

      INTRODUCTION

      sexual evolution is the latest development in the human evolutionary line.

      People, chimpanzees and gorillas shared a common ancestor up to 5 million years ago. Darwin wondered after his comparative studies on the Galapagos Islands - The Origin of Species - what his findings meant for the further evolution of life on Earth.

      Charles Darwin showed that the finches on isolated Galapagos islands developed under the influence of their environment.

      Darwin showed that environmental factors translate into physical and genetic characteristics.

      After his wanderings in the Malaysian Archipelago, Alfred Russel Wallace described the fundamental differences between the Asian part (Borneo, Java and Sumatra), separated by the Makassar Strait and the Australian part (New Guinea and Australia). The Asian continent with its great apes at the end of the evolution line borders here on the Australian continent that originated from tracts of land in the Southland of the Pacific Ocean. No apes were found on the Australian continent. Marsupials (kangaroo and koala) are the most developed life forms.

      Watson and Crick have demonstrated the structure of DNA with a double paired spiral staircase model. Acquisitions and characteristics of the ancestors are recorded in the stair steps.

      From their tree huts in Africa, the great apes developed a great hand skill. About a million years ago chimpanzees reached the warmer areas of Europe and Asia. From Africa through the Middle East, 60,000 years ago hominids reached Asia (Homo luzonensis and floresiensis) and 45.000 years ago Western Europe (Homo neanderthalis).

      DNA archeology

      We have no written history of prehistory, just cave paintings.

      DNA research on ancient human remains will shed new light on the oldest human civilizations.

      In April 2019, 50,000-year-old remains were discovered on the island of Luzon of the Philippines and it was concluded that humanity, which was learned in contrast to then, was not created in one place but in different places.

      Recent DNA research has shown that 70,000 years ago the Aboriginal people from East Africa, probably through ice plains or shallows through Antarctica, have already reached Australia.

      The Origin of Life

      We have learned by narration that paradise was located between Euphrates and Tigris. The caliphate is trying to take this area. An horrible mistake. The first forms of life should rather be sought in the region of Great Pacific Ocean.

      400 million years ago, Pan Gaia was surrounded by Pan Ocean.

      Finally, the Australian continent emerged from the Southland of the Pacific Ocean.

      Great apes and large mammals did not exist in South America and Australia in prehistoric times.

      First, higher forms of life have evolved to the East

      The first forms of life should be sought in the region of the Great Pacific Ocean. 400 million years ago, Pan Gaia is surrounded by Pan Ocean. The earth was a huge pancake. Life on earth has developed eastward under the influence of gravity, rotation of the earth and sunlight.

      From Pan Ocean, the primordial soup, multicellular organisms, fish, marine iguanas and amphibians originated. Dinosaurs, birds, mammals and monkeys evolved on the land of Pan Gaia.

      Human apes, homo erectus and homo sapiens originated in central Africa and Asia.

      'Together with bonobos, chimpanzees are our next to living relatives. All living things are controlled by double-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA core proteins. DNA is a wonderful self-regulating product. We share 85% of our DNA with chimpanzees.

      No great apes are found on the Galapagos Islands, Easter Island, Tahiti and other central Polynesian volcanic islands. North and South America were colonized from Asia not much earlier than 15,000 years ago.

      The Incas had no horses, no great mammals. Only llamas were domesticated in the Andes and were used as beasts of burden. A herd with only llamas does not offer many advantages. Their milk cannot be used, and the animals can also not be bred in greater numbers. There were no other large farm animals and the number of agricultural crops was limited. There were no dogs and cats as pets.

      In the Old World many large and small mammals had already been domesticated, the population had acquired immunity against zoonotic infections like the black plague, smallpox, tuberculosis, measles, typhoid and cholera. All these diseases did not occur to the Incas and they had no immunity.

      The only epidemic infectious disease that attributed with certainty to the Incas in the time before the arrival of Columbus is Syphilis. Spanish and Italian sailors took this disease with them to Europe.

      Sexuality in Mammals

      Most mammals have a tail and four legs, in the male his penis is hanging on the lower abdomen. The great apes have no tail.

      Receptive female monkey

      Monkey (baboons) and ape females advertise the time when they are ovulating. Their genitalia turn bright red, becoming receptive only at that time. They show their red badge of receptivity and proceed to have sex in public with any passing male.

      Man, at the end of the Evolution Line

      (Alfred Russel Wallace. The Malay Archipelago, the land of the Orang-utan and the bird of paradise)

      Great apes have no tail and walk on two legs. Only the great apes have their reproductive organs within reach. This evolution is both anatomically

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