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    The Cultivated Aroids
    The Cultivated Aroids
    The Cultivated Aroids
    Ebook182 pages1 hour

    The Cultivated Aroids

    By Monroe Roberts Birdsey

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    About this ebook

    A detailed and fascinating look at the Araceae family of flowering plants.

    “As the result of his visits to nurseries and horticultural establishments, the writer was impressed by the intense interest in and the lack of information about this horticulturally important group of plants. It is hoped that this book, will be a contribution, which is so sorely needed, to the taxonomic literature of this family.”—From the Author’s introduction.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherBarakaldo Books
    Release dateMay 8, 2020
    ISBN9781839744600
    The Cultivated Aroids

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      Book preview

      The Cultivated Aroids - Monroe Roberts Birdsey

      © Barakaldo Books 2020, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.

      Publisher’s Note

      Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.

      We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.

      THE CULTIVATED AROIDS

      THE CULTIVATED AROIDS

      BY

      M. R. BIRDSEY

      Table of Contents

      Contents

      Table of Contents 5

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6

      INTRODUCTION 7

      Culture 10

      Acorus calamus L. 13

      Acorus calamus variety variegatus Hort. 15

      Acorus gramineus Soland. 16

      Aglaonema commutatum Schott 18

      Aglaonema costatum N. E. Brown 20

      Aglaonema modestum Schott 22

      Aglaonema oblongifolium (Roxb.) Kunth var. curtisii Hort. 24

      Aglaonema robelinii (Lind.) Gentil. 26

      Alocasia cuprea C. Koch 28

      Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott 30

      Alocasia sanderiana Bull Catal. 32

      Amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac (C. Koch) Engl. 34

      Anthurium crystallinum Linden and Andre 36

      X Anthurium cultorum, sp. nov. 38

      X Anthurium hortulanum, sp. nov. 40

      Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Torr. 42

      Arum italicum Mill. 44

      Arum palaestinum Boiss. 46

      X Caladium hortulanum, sp. nov. 48

      Colocasia esculenta var. fontanesii (Schott) A. F. Hill 50

      Colocasia esculenta var. illustris (Bull) A. F. Hill 51

      Cryptocoryne cordata Griff. 53

      Cryptocoryne griffithii Schott 55

      Cryptocoryne nevillii Trimen 57

      Cryptocoryne willisii Hort. 59

      X Dieffenbachia bausei Hort. Chiswick 61

      Dieffenbachia imperialis Linden and Andre 63

      X Dieffenbachia memoria-corsii Fenzi 65

      Dieffenbachia picta (Lodd.) Schott 67

      Dieffenbachia picta cultigen Rudolph Roehrs, stat. nov. 68

      Dieffenbachia picta cultigen Roehrs Superb, stat. nov. 69

      Dieffenbachia picta var. angustior subvar. jenmannii (Veitch) Engl. 71

      Dieffenbachia picta var. baraquiniana (Verschaffelt and Lemaire) Engl. 72

      X Dieffenbachia splendens Bull 74

      Homalomena wallisii Regel 76

      Monstera deliciosa Liebm. 78

      Philodendron andreanum Devansaye 80

      X Philodendron corsinianum Hort. Makoy 82

      Philodendron elegans Krause 84

      Philodendron erubescens C. Koch and Augustin 86

      Philodendron gloriosum Andre 88

      Philodendron hastatum (sometimes spelled hostatum) 90

      Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott 92

      Philodendron mamei Andre 94

      Philodendron oxycardium Schott 96

      Philodendron radiatum Schott 98

      Philodendron sanguineum Regel 100

      Philodendron sodiroi Hort. 102

      Philodendron squamiferum Poepp. 104

      Philodendron verrucosum Mathieu 106

      Pistia stratiotes L. 108

      Raphidophora celatocaulis (N.E. Brown) F. Knoll 110

      Raphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott 112

      Rhektophyllum mirabile N. E. Brown 114

      Sauromatum guttatum var. venosum (Ait.) Engl. 116

      Schismatoglottis novo (neo)-guineensis (Linden) N. E. Brown 118

      Scindapsus aureus (Lind, and Andre) Engl. 120

      Scindapsus aureus cultigen Erich Gedalius (Hort.) N. Comb. 121

      Scindapsus pictus Hassk. var. argyraeus Engl. 123

      Spathiphyllum floribundum (Linden and Andre) N. E. Brown 125

      Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. and Krause 127

      Syngonium albolineatum Hort, ex Bull. Cat. 129

      Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott 132

      Syngonium podophyllum Schott 134

      Xanthosoma lindenii (Andre) Engl. 137

      Xanthosoma violaceum Schott 139

      Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. 141

      Zantedeschia albo-maculata (Hook.f.) Baillon 143

      Zantedeschia elliottiana (Knight ex Watson) Engl. 145

      Zantedeschia rehmannii Engl. 147

      SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF SPECIES 149

      REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 152

      ACKNOWLEDGMENTS{1}

      This study was begun while the writer was a graduate student at Columbia University and completed at the University of Miami while he was a Research Assistant in Botany.

      Mr. E. J. Alexander on the staff of the New York Botanical Garden has furnished much information not all of which is credited to him in the text. To Dr. T. R. Alexander, Chairman of the Botany Department, University of Miami, we are indebted for permission to use the greenhouse space for assembling the collection of aroids necessary for this study and for reading and correcting parts of the manuscript.

      For most of the photography, we are in heavy debt to Stan and Jewel Soar. Unless credited otherwise the photographs are their work. The difficulties they encountered in photographing can be realized by the fact that most of the pictures were taken outside at the nurseries and not at a studio.

      Any degree of completeness that the book may have is due to the many nurserymen and private individuals who have permitted us to have access to their collections and let us examine and photograph at our leisure. Mr. R. G. Wilson of Fantastic Garden, South Miami, should be given special mention as a large number of the plants were photographed at his nursery. However, our sincere thanks are also extended to the following: Mr. H. Dunaway, Mrs. N. Egeroff, Mr. A. B. Graf, Mr. D. Greer, Mrs. S. Hastings, Mr. R. Hogshead, Mr. W. Manda, Mr. S. Mauro, Mr. C. Pennock, Mr. R. Scully, and Mr. L. Whitlock, Jr.

      INTRODUCTION

      As the result of his visits to nurseries and horticultural establishments, the writer was impressed by the intense interest in and the lack of information about this horticulturally important group of plants. It is hoped that this book, will be a contribution, which is so sorely needed, to the taxonomic literature of this family. However, let it not be assumed that this is in any way a complete and definitive work, as the problems presented in this family are of a nature that cannot be resolved without considerably more experimental and field work. Rather, this is an attempt to review the present status of the information on the cultivated aroids and to indicate the gaps that exist in this available information.

      One of the problems presented in a study of the Araceae is the lack of herbarium specimens. Scarcely any of the species treated in this book are represented in the herbaria that the writer has visited. Even those few that were available were often without the inflorescence which is necessary for identification, even to genus, and usually were poorly prepared. The poor preparation is due to the fleshy condition of the plant which does not produce satisfactory specimens by conventional drying methods.{2} As one plant explorer remarked to the author, When I am in the field, I leave the Araceae alone as they hold up my plant presses too long.

      Another problem presented, although by no means confined to the Araceae (e.g. Palmaceae, Rutaceae), that complicates their taxonomy is the presence of juvenile and mature leaves in certain species. These may differ so widely in shape, size, and color that even an experienced botanist might be led to believe that they should be placed in different genera. As every grower is aware, when he propagates from the terminal growing point of a plant with mature leaves the subsequent growth will duplicate the preceding leaves. But when he propagates from lateral buds he will, depending upon the species, obtain juvenile leaves. Again, the time required for this propagation from the lateral growing point to produce mature leaves depends not only upon the species but also upon the environmental conditions. If the juvenile form is the desirable type, then the grower attempts to propagate this form by growing it in a shaded greenhouse duplicating in a measure the conditions found in the jungle. In this habitat the

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