Hate Crime in America: From Prejudice to Violence
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About this ebook
Danielle Smith-Llera
Danielle Smith-Llera grew up in coastal Virginia, hearing unforgettable tales about her Mexican and Irish ancestors. She first moved overseas to teach in international schools in Hungary and Brazil. Life in the U.S. Foreign Service has taken her around the world to live in India, Jamaica, Romania, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Washington, DC. She loves sharing stories—fiction, nonfiction, and a mixture of both—in classrooms, museum exhibits, and, of course, books.
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Hate Crime in America - Danielle Smith-Llera
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Chapter One: Hatred in Plain Sight
Chapter Two: The Path of Hate
Chapter Three: A Broad Impact
Chapter Four: Under Protection
Chapter Five: Alarming News
Chapter Six: Battling Bias
Get Involved
Glossary
Additional Resources
Source Notes
Select Bibliography
About the Author
Index
Copyright
Back Cover
HATRED IN PLAIN SIGHT
The driver was dimly visible inside the gray car that lunged toward the crowd in Charlottesville, Virginia. Sunlight flashed off the moving metal as tires screeched— then screams broke out. The bumper launched people into the air in a scatter of shoes, sunglasses, and water bottles. After the collision, as many as 19 people lay in the street bleeding, dazed, or unconscious. One person, 32-year-old Heather Heyer, died from her injuries.
This tragedy on August 12, 2017, was no accident. Witnesses saw the car reverse away from the crowd, lurch forward, and accelerate into the many people filling the narrow street. A prosecutor argued in the courtroom that the driver, 20-year-old James Fields, had acted in anger. How could a gathering of people he didn’t know fill him with such rage?
Fields had driven from Ohio to Charlottesville with a single purpose. He planned to join hundreds of mostly young, white men in a protest. They wanted to halt the city government’s plan to remove a statue of Civil War General Robert E. Lee from a public park. For many in Charlottesville, the Confederate leader was a painful reminder of a time when white people enslaved black people in the U.S. But Fields and the other white supremacists in Charlottesville admired Lee and the racist attitudes of the Confederacy. They believed that white people were superior to all other races, including Jewish people. They came to Charlottesville to make their views known.
The protest in Charlottesville, Virginia, turned deadly when a car accelerated into the crowd, injuring more than a dozen and killing 32-year-old Heather Heyer.
Before committing his violent crime, Fields had marched through the city with protesters. They carried Confederate flags, clubs, shields, pepper spray, even guns. They shouted racial slurs and chanted, White lives matter!
and the Nazi slogan, Jews will not replace us!
¹ Meanwhile, Heather Heyer and many other counterprotesters filled Charlottesville streets to shout back, raising their voices against bias and hate.
Fact
Those who commit hate crimes can encourage others to commit their own. A third of deadly hate crimes motivated by white supremacist views were inspired by others like them. Killers may choose to commit hate crimes on the anniversary of another hate crime.
Free Speech
Until the protest turned violent, the marchers were breaking no laws by voicing their hatred. The First Amendment of the United States Constitution protects everyone’s right to free speech. This means that even beliefs and opinions that offend others are legal—unless they threaten someone directly or lead to violence. Before the march began, police took up positions around the city and local hospitals prepared beds for anyone injured.
No one doubted that Fields had turned his car into a deadly weapon. Photographs of his attack on counterprotesters, some holding Black Lives Matter
signs, shocked many in the nation. For his actions in Charlottesville, Fields was convicted in a Virginia state court of malicious wounding and first-degree murder. But his crimes fell into a special category. That category brought him to a federal courtroom in February 2019. There he was charged with hate crimes. Hate crimes are motivated by bias against a person’s race, country of origin, religion, sexual