Absolute value (modulus): for a negative number this is a positive number, received by changing the sign " "

; by " + "; for apositive number and zero this is the number itself. The designation of an absolute value (modulus) of a number is the two straight brackets insideof which the number is written. Examples: | 5 | = 5, | 7 | = 7, | 0 | = 0. Addition: 1) at addition of two numbers of the same sign their absolute values are added and before the sum their common sign is written. Examples: ( + 6 ) + ( + 5 ) = 11 ; ( 6 ) + ( 5 ) = 11 ; 2) at addition of two numbers with different signs their absolute values are subtracted(the smaller from the greater) and a sign of a number, having a greater absolute value is chosen. Examples: (6)+(+9)= 3; (6)+(+3)=3. Subtraction: it is possible to change subtraction of two numbers by addition, thereat a minuend saves its sign, and a subtrahend is taken with the back sign. Examples: (+8)(+5)=(+8)+(5)= 3; ( + 8 ) ( 5 ) = ( + 8 ) + ( + 5 ) = 13; ( 8 ) ( 5 ) = ( 8 ) + ( + 5 ) = 3; ( 8 ) ( + 5 ) = ( 8 ) + ( 5 ) = 13. Multiplication: at multiplication of two numbers their absolute values are multiplied, and a product has the sign " + ", if signs of factors are the same, and " ", if the signs are different. The next scheme ( a rule of signs at multiplication) is useful: + + + + = = = = + +

At multiplication of some factors (two and more ) a product has the sign " + ", if a number of negative factors is even, and the sign " ", if this number is odd. Example:

Division: at division of two numbers the first absolutevalue is divided by the second and a quotient has the sign " + ", if signs of dividend and divisor are the same, and " ", if they are different. The same rule of signs as at multiplication acts: + + Example: ( 12 ) : ( + 4 ) = 3 . : : : : + + = = = = + +