Solutions, Electrolytes, and Concentration Pre-Lab Study Questions 1.

Why does an oil and vinegar salad dressing have two separate layers? This is because oil is non polar and water is polar 2. What is meant by mass/mass percent concentration of a solution? The amount of grams of solute in 100 grams of solution 3. Why are some electrolytes strong, while others are weak? strong electrolytes completely disassociate in water while weak ones do not 4. What is molarity? amount substance concentration A. Polarity of Solutes and Solvents Soluble/Not soluble in Solute Is the solute Water (A.1) Cyclohexane (A.2) ar or nonpolar? KMnO4 polar I2 yes Sucrose polar Vegetable oil nonpolar no no nonpolar yes no yes yes no pol

Questions and Problems Q.1 NaCl is soluble in water, but I2 is not. Explain. NaCl is made up of charged ions, which can interact with the dipoles present in the water molecules. The large polarity of water means that it is extremely good at a dialectic constant, so the ions can be separated from each other resulting in "dissolving". I2 is held together by a covalent bond. Neither atom is charg ed and they are not attracted to H20. The The dispersion forces cause the I2 mol ecules to attract to each other not the charge. B. Electrolytes and Conductivity: Make predictions about the substances below: Substance B.1 Observations B.2 Type of particles Type of electrolyte (Intensity of light bulb) (ions, molecu les, both) (strong, weak, )non) NaCl(s) strong 0.1 M NaCl strong 0.1 M Sucrose weak 0.1 M HCl strong weak strong strong strong ions ions molecules molecules molecules

0.1 M Acetic acid, HC2H3O2 weak

weak 0.1 M NaOH strong 0.1 M NH4OH strong strong strong both molecules both

0.1 M Glucose, C6H12O6 weak weak

Questions and Problems Q.2 For the three solutes below that were tested in A.1, write an equation for t heir solution in water: HCl + H20--> H30 + ClNH4OH <--> NH3 + H20 C6H12O6 + 02<--> Co2 + H20 Q.3 Classify the solutes in the following equations as a weak electrolyte, a str ong electrolyte, or a nonelectrolyte in water. a. XY2 (s) X2+ (aq) + 2Y (aq) strong b. HX (g) H+ (aq) + X (aq) weak c. XYZ(s) XYZ(aq) non d. YOH(s) Y+ (aq) + OH (aq) strong C. Electrolytes in Body Fluids C.1: Given the information below answer the questions: IV Solution: 20 mEq Na, 25 mEq Mg, 17 mEq Cl, 28 mEq S C.2 Cations Na, Mg Anions Cl, S C.3 Total Charge of Cations 3 Total Charge of Anions 3 C.4 Overall Charge 0 Questions and Problems Q.4What would be the overall charge in any IV solution? Why? 0- it is neutral D. Concentrations of a Sodium Chloride Solution: Use the exercise module, ation of NaCl Solution, for this part Concentr

D1 Mass of evaporating dish 40g D.2 Volume of NaCl solution 10 mL D.3 Mass of dish and NaCl solution 50 mL D.4Mass of dish and dry NaCl 41 g (though the dish was not noted if it was cool but as it came right off of the flame it would be believed to be hot and thus the weight will be off) Calculations D.5 Mass of NaCl solution (Show calculations) dish and sol - dish= 50-40=10g D.6 Mass of the dry NaCl salt (Show calculations) 9 g dish-dry solution = 40-41=9 D.7 Mass/mass percent Na/Cl= Na22.990 g + Cl-35.45= 58.44 g 10/58.44=17.11% D.8 Mass/volume percent (Show calculations) mass solute/ mass solution- solution = 10g 9 g- solute 9/10= 90% D.9 Moles of NaCl (Show calculations) 0.9 moles D.10 Volume of sample in liters (Show calculations) 1g= 0.001 L therefore 9 g = 0.009 L D.11 Molarity of NaCl solution (Show calculations) Moles/ volume of solution= 10e5 Questions and Problems Q.5 a. % (m/m) 3.26x100/15.78=20.7% b. % (m/v) 3.26x100/15=21.7% c. molarity (M) Moles NaCl=3.26g/58.4428 g/mol=0.0558 M=0.0558 mol/ 0.0150 L= 3.72 Q.6 How many grams of KI are in 25.0 mL of a 3.0 % (m/v) KI solution? Show work . 3%=3g-100mL 3/4=0.75g Q.7 How many milliliters of a 2.5 M MgCl2 solution contain 17.5 g MgCl2? Show w ork. RMM=95 1M=95g/ 1000 mL 2.5 M= 237.5 g/ 1000 mL divided by 13.57 17.5g/737.mL =73.7 mL