School of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE2040 Dr. George F.

Riley Summer 2007, GT Lorraine Chapter 3

Example Ex-3.3-2 (6ed) / Ex-3.2-2 (7ed).

v C 7A

4V E 10A

+ 6V A 3A

+ 6V B 4A

4V D + i

0V F + 10A

v = 2V,

i = 3A
6

Exercise 3.3-3 (6ed) / N/A (7ed).

a b +

+ va

v1

3A

2/5va

im

+ c v2 4

v1 = 12V, v2 = 18V, va = 30V 2 im + 5 va + 3A = 0 im = 12A 3A = 9A

Figure 3.4-1 (6ed) / 3.3-1 (7ed). Serial Resistors and Voltage Division
i1 a + R1 v1 b

i2 +

+ vs is v2 R2

c v3 R3 + d i3

Find equivalent resistance Rs for the three resistors in series, and nd the voltage drop across each. By KCL at nodes a, b, c, and d: is = i1 = i2 = i3 By KVL: vs = v1 + v2 + v3 = is R1 + is R2 + is R3 = is (R1 + R2 + R3 ) Since vs = is Rs , therefore Rs = (R1 + R2 + R3 ) Find voltage drop across R1 is = vs /Rs = vs /(R1 + R2 + R3 ) v1 = is R1 = vs R1 /(R1 + R2 + R3 ) Similarly, v2 = is R2 = vs R2 /(R1 + R2 + R3 ) v3 = is R3 = vs R3 /(R1 + R2 + R3 )

Figure 3.5-1 (6ed) / 3.4-1 (7ed). Parallel Resistors and Current Division

a i2 i3 + R2 v2 R3 + v3

i1 + + is Vs R1 v1

Find equivalent resistance Rp and each current i1 , i2 , i3 vs = is Rp , is = vs /Rp By KCL at node a, is = i1 + i2 + i3 , i1 = vs /R1 , , i2 = vs /R2 , , is = vs /R1 + vs /R2 + vs /R3 , is = vs (1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ) therefore: Rp = 1 + 1 + 1 1
R1 R2 R3

i3 = vs /R3

or alternately: 1 1 1 = R1 + R2 + Rp To calculate i1 ,

1 R3 is
1 1 + 1 + 1 R1 R2 R3

i1 = vs /R1 = is Rp /R1 = R1 Consider the simpler case with only two resistors in parallel (ie, R3 = ).
is

i1 = vs /R1 = is Rp /R1 =

1 1 + 1 R1 R2

R1

is 1 1 R1 ( R + R )
1 2

is R 1+ R1
2

is R2 R1 +R2

For the general case of n resistors in parallel, it is easier to consider conductance, rather than 1 resistance. Conductance is the inverse of resistance, and is denoted Gk = Rk . Recalling from above above: N 1 1 1 1 Gn = + + Gp = Rp R1 R2 R3 n=1 in = vs /Rn = vs Gn
N N N

By KCL, is =
n=1

in =
n=1

vs Gn = vs
n=1

Gn = vs Gp

Since: in = vs Gn , and We get: in = is Gn /Gp

vs = is /Gp