SUMMATION NOTATION
In Chapter 3, the symbol (the Greek letter sigma) was introduced. In mathematics, this symbol means to sum a set of values as described by the notation following it. The value given below is the beginning value and the value given above is the final value of the sum. Generally,
xi = x1 + x2 + x3 + ... + xn
i=1
xi = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 3 + 5 + 7 + 12 = 27
i=1
cxi = c xi
i=1 i=1
and
( xi + y i ) = xi + y i
i=1 i=1 i=1
= (2 + 1) + (4 + 3) + (5 + 6) = 3 + 7 + 11 = 21
S1-1
S1-2
and
(xi + yi ) = xi + yi = (x1 + x2 + x3 ) + ( y1 + y2 + y3 )
i=1 i=1 i=1
c = n c
i=1
12 = 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 = 60
i=1
but 60 = 5(12), so
12 = 5(12) = 60
i=1