JRS8 RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES AND DEATH IN THE HANDS OF THE SPANIARDS (PART I) Rizal still remained a true

Filipino in soul and heart. He said.Still I am not Europeanized like other Filipinos in Madrid say: I always like to return to the country of my birth. Back to Calamba August 6, 1887, Manila Rizal reached Philippines after his 5 years of sojourn in various foreign lands. I had a pleasant voyage. I found my family enjoying the best health and our happiness was great in seeing each other again. They shed tears of joy and I had to answer the thousand question at the same time. Rizal opened a medical clinic and his first patient was his mother. Rizal opened a gymnasium for the young men in Calambaand introduced various European sports such as gymnastics, fencing and shooting to discourage them from engaging in cockfighting and other types of gambling. Summoned to Malacaang Governor-General Terreroinformed Rizal that NoliMe Tangerecaused much uproar among the government authorities and that he wanted to have a copy of the book and wanted to read the novel if he could furnish him one. Don Jose Tavielde Andrade-assigned personal bodyguard for Rizal by Governor-General Terrero. Powerful Enemies The Committee found the book scandalous to the religious order, impious, subversive to the public order and libelous to the Government of Spain and its political policies in the Philippine. The enemies of Rizal were happy because the novel was absolutely prohibited. But the banning of the Nolionly served to make it more popular because everybody would like to have a copy and read it. CalambasAgrarian Problem TheChiefExecutiveorderedagovernmentinvestigationofthefriarestatestol ookintothesourcesoftheagrarianprobleminCalamba.Oneofthefriarestates affectedwastheCalambaHaciendaownedbytheDominicanOrder. Rizal leaves Calamba February 1888-Rizal was forced to go abroad for the second time and to part from his family and friend. He was also advised by Governor-General Terreroto leave the Philippines for his own good. Rizal was compelled to leave Calambabecause his stay might expose his family and friends to danger causing worry and anxiety and perhaps he could be better expose the excesses of the government and the greedy and ruthless friars through his pen in foreign countries. Rizal in London Rizal left for London and Lived there from May,1888 to March, 18889, to copy, study and made the annotation(footnotes) of Dr. Antonio de MorgasSucesosde lasIslas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) MorgasSucesosde lasIslas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) an excellent and inspirational piece of historiography because it can be considered the best of the many histories of the Philippines written by early Spanish writers, being accurate in facts and events and unbiased judgment. He dedicated his valuable historical work to his countrymen. Rizals Writing in London 1. annotated MorgasSucesosde lasIslas Filipinas. 2. He wrote for La Solidaridad.3. La Vision de Fray Rodriguez (he demonstrated his profound knowledge of religion and his style in satire.4.The Letter to the Young Women of Malolos( through the request of Marcelo H. Del Pilarto prasethe young women of Malolos) Good and Bad News while in London The exile of his brother-in-law, who was denied a Christian burial The arbitrary arrest and imprisonment of LaureanoViado, a StoTomas medical student, who was found in possession of a copy of NoliMe Tangere The continued CalambaAgrarian problem where the tenants, including the Rizal family were being persecuted by the Spanish authorities

Good news Fr. Vicente Garcia, an old Filipino theologian and philosopher, wrote an able defense of his Noliagainst the attacks of Fr. Rodriguez and other friars. Rizal in MadridLa Solidaridad GracianoLopez Jaenabecame the editor of the periodical of the Propaganda. Mariano Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pillar, pillars of La Solidaridad Rizal used his pen names-DimasalangLaing Laan Spanish-Filipino Association (AsociacionHispano-Filipina)January 12,1889, Rizal with some Filipino and their Spanish friends in Madrid organized a society.The primary objective was to work for the needed reforms which the Propaganda Movement had initiated and continued to carry on. Rizal in Paris Rizal organized two societies of Filipinos in Paris KidlatClub was founded simply bring together young Filipinos in the French capital in order that they could enjoy their stay in the city during the international exposition IndiosBravos to teach each members to be proud of being Filipinos and with intense desire pledge to their best to excel in intellectual and physical capability to catch the attention of the Spaniards and win their administration and respect Rizal in Brussels Rizal left Paris and went to Brussels, capital of Belgium because of the high cost of living.-He was devoted for writing his second novel, El Filibusterismo-He lived in a modest boarding house-Being a surgeon, he spent part of his time in the medical clinic to attend and treat some patients. Disturbing News at Home Letters from Calambawhich he received in Brussels gave him some disturbing moments. -the agrarian problem in his hometown had not been resolved and even getting worse. -the hacienda management controlled by the Dominican Order continued to arbitrarily increase the annual payment of the tenant fanners for the land they tilled painstakingly-Don Francisco, Rizals father refused to pay his rent to the leased land-Other tenant farmers also refused to pay their annual rents. The non-payment of rent of Don Francisco and other tenant farmers resulted in the filling of a case in court by the Dominican friar to evict them forcibly from the land.-Pacianoand his two brother-in-law, Antonio Lopez (husband of Narcisa) and Silvestre Ubaldo( husband of Olympia) were deported to Mindoro. Rizal Prepares to go Home. Rizal, full of mental anguish and anxiety decide to go home in the light of the misfortune, agony and pain his family was suffering. He could not stay in a foreign land writing his novel while his family, relatives, and friends in the Philippines were in the state of hopelessness. Upon hearing the news that GracianoLopez Jaenahad plans of going to Cuba, he urged him that instead of going there and die in yellow fever, he should go to Philippines and die in defense of his ideals. Denied Justice for Rizals Family Rizal sought the help of the Filipino community to secure justice for the various incidents of oppression and injustices and utter lack of human respect and dignity committed by the Spanish authorities on his family and the tenant-farmers of Calamba. Rizal Goes Back to Hongkong October 18, 1891 Rizal left Ghent for Marseilles. Rizal left Europe and the primary reason were the differences in political persuasion with Marcelo H. del Pilarand other Filipinos in Spain and his desire to lead the Propaganda Movement Life in Hongkong -he practiced his medicine to earn a living-Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez, a Portuguese Ophthalmologist helped Rizal to have many patients.-In a few months, Dr. Rizals name became a by-world in the field of ophthalmology. His patients include different nationalities Within a little over a month since he arrived in Hongkong, some members of his family, including his parents, brother, and some sisters joined him there. They rented a small house at No.2 RednaxiaTerrace, which served as his residence and at the same time his medical clinic

-he had continue his project in the establishment of a colony in Borneohe wrote the Constitution and By-Laws of La LigaFilipina Planned Filipino Colonization in Borneo Rizal planned and conceived an idea of how the management of these human resources could be utilized. He fully knew with empathy the pain and suffering of these poor Filipinos that life in his country was becoming unbearable, so he thought of founding a Filipino colony in Borneo. When his friends in Europe heard about this plan, GracianoLopez Jaena, Antonio and Juan Luna, Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin and Professor Blumentrittwere delighted and enthusiastically willing to endorse and support the project. GracianoLopez Jaena, in his letter to Rizal on May 26, 1892, expressed his intentions to join the colony and said: I have great desire of joining you. Reserved for me a piece of land where I can plant sugar cane. Send me further information. his brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo did not approve the plan. This idea about Borneo is not good. Why should we leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of ours? He told Rizal. Filipino Leagues Founded La LigaFilipina (Philippine League) an association of Filipinos for civic and social activities until its printing in Hongkongin 1892. The idea of founding the La LigaFilipina was the brainchild of Jose Ma. Basa, a Filipino exile in 1872 The aims of the La LigaFilipina were:1. Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact and homogeneous body;2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity;3. Defense against all violence and injustice;4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce; and 5. Study and application of reforms What is the ultimate objective of La LigaFilipina?To promote progress in the Philippines JRS9 RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES and DEATH IN THE HANDS OF THE SPANIARDS (PART 2) On June 26,1892, accompanied by his elder sister Lucia, Rizal arrived in Manila. After lodging himself and his sister at the OrienteHotel in Binondo, he went to Malacaangto pay a courtesy call and to interview the Governor-General Despujo, who agreed to pardon his father and sisters, but not of his brother-in-law. Despujol tried to dissuade him from going to Borneo, and instead promised to give him lands in any island two leagues from Calamba. The Arrest and Deportation of Rizal Four days after the founding of the La LigaFilipina, Rizal was ordered arrested by Governor-General Despojulallegedly for having found in his baggage, a few hours after his arrival from Hongkonga bundle of leaflets entitled Poor Friars (PobresFrailes The leaflets were against the rich Dominicans who amassed fabulous wealth contrary to their vow of poverty. He was incarcerated temporary in Fort Santiago for about a week, after which time he was deported to Dapitanin Northern Mindanao. Life in Dapitan Rizal lived an exemplary life in exile. He built his own house, planted many fruit-bearing trees and practiced his medical profession. Many people in all walks of life from far and near places came to his medical clinic for treatment. Other interesting events and incidents in connection with Rizals life in Dapitanincluded the following;1. His long controversy on philosophy and religion with Rev. Pablo Pastells; superior of the Jesuit Order in the Philippines. Correspondence and visit of Dr. PioValenzuela, who was Andres Bonifaciosemissary, to sound Rizals views on the proposed uprising against the Spanish government. Josephine Bracken in Dapitan One of the most significant events worth remembering in connection with Rizals life in Dapitanwas the coming of Miss Josephine Bracken.

Miss Josephine Bracken is an eighteen years old lady, sweet, slender, almond blue eyes, brown hair, and dressed with elegant simplicity. After living in for almost eight months, Josephine was in the family way, but unfortunately, she gave birth prematurely to an eight-month boy, that lived for only a few hours. For the couple, the loss of the baby was indeed unbearable Trial and Execution The Trial The Rizals trial began with the preliminary investigation on November 20. He appeared before the Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Oliver Garcia and subjected to a very tiring and severe investigation for five days. He was accused of the crimes of rebellion, sedition and forming illegal associations. The Execution Dr. Jose Rizal bade farewell to his defender, the two priests and Josephine. Farewell, sweet foreigner, my darling, my delight. The priests blessed him. A military physician, Dr. Felipe Castillo, examined Rizal and was surprised only to find out that his pulse was perfectly normal. The Execution Rizal looked unperturbed as he marched to the place of his glory and immortality. His face was quite pale, but serene and bright like the sky on its horizon beckoning a new dawn. The Execution He request to be shot facing the firing squad was denied for the Spanish officer had specific order from higher authorities to have him shot at the back. Rizals body riddled by bullets fell lifeless on the ground with his face upward facing the sky. He died exactly at 7:03 in the morning. Shouts of Viva Espana! (Long Live Spain! Death to the traitors,)filled the air. DECEMBER 30,1896 The remains of the great martyr were buried in PacoCemetery Rizals ULTIMO ADIOSThe famous, longest and untitled poem which the hero wrote on December 29,1896 the eve of his execution in his prison cell at Fort Santiago was full of beautiful and sublime thoughts characterized with sense of lofty ideals, love of country and his countrymen. It is full of emotions filled with sadness and nostalgic memories because he was leaving his loved ones and his beloved country. Rizals Retraction Controversy Rizals Retraction LetterI declare myself a catholic and in this Religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church, and as a Society prohibited by the Church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Supervisor Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God and people may pardon me. Manila 29 of December 0f 1896Jose Rizal The Retraction contains two significant points:(1) the rejection of Masonry ( I abominate Masonry) and(2) a repudiation of anything in my words, writings, publications, and conduct that has been contrary to my character as a son of the Catholic Church, together with the statement I believe and profess what it teaches and I submit to what it demands. What is the case against the Retraction? (1)The Retraction Document is said to be a forgery. (2)The second main line of argument against the Retraction is the claim that other acts and facts do not fit well with the story of the Retraction. (3)The third chief line of argument against the Retraction is that it is out of character. JRS10

How did Rizal portray his ideals to institute reforms? He portrayed his ideals in his writings and works. Rizal used his pento arouse his people and advocate peaceful reforms from the Spanish government. Rizal used his pento arouse his people and advocate peaceful reforms from the Spanish government. Rizal used his pento arouse his people and advocate peaceful reforms from the Spanish government. The Ideals of Rizal On Nationalism Nationalism in Education On Moral Values On Cooperation On Nation-building On Democracy On Education On Governance On the Family On Livelihood On Justice On Nationalism What is the ideal of Rizal on nationalism?Nationalismthe devotion to the interest of ones country is a means of existence. On Nationalism The Filipinos should never take for granted nationalism. This in turn help the Filipinos survive through the ages no matter what political and economic oppression they have to face. Simounsaid: If they refuse to teach you their language, then cultivate your own, make it more widely known keep alive our native culture for our people, and instead of aspiring to be a mere province, aspire to be a nation, develop an independent mentality so that neither rights or customs, Nationalism in Education Education can be a powerful weapon in propagating nationalism. How can education be a powerful means in propagating nationalism? teaching Philippine History will develop an anti-colonial Anti-imperialist orientation based on our historical experience as people It clarifies how, why and for whose benefit our people has been exploited and oppressed. Critical study of Philippine Economy to learn to be wary of economic progress proposed by foreign governments and institutions. to know how the world capitalist system operates so that we can understand in way economic development will affect our people. How do we promote national identity or nationhood? Our present educational system promotes pride in our beautiful land, our sampaguita, our Mayonand Banawe, our smiling people. Nationalism is more than nation On Moral Values What is the ideal of Rizal in moral values? Moral values can exist only in a free being and his voluntary human acts. Can moral values exist only in a free being and his voluntary human acts?YES.By willingness to be morally good, a man becomes good. Pointer:He made his major character in Filipoint out the needed reforms: radical reforms in the military, in the clergy, in the administration of justicemore respect for human dignity , greater security for the individual, and less privileges for an organization which so easily abuses them. On Cooperation He who wants to help himself should help himself should help others, because if he neglects others, he too will be a bundle of many midribs tied together. What is the ideal of Rizal on cooperation Rizal wanted so much to unite the Filipino people. Cooperation starts in the family How will cooperation among Filipinos be realized? If people will work together for a common purpose. On Nation-building All reforms of a palliative character are not only useless but even injurious when the government is confronted with evils that need a radical remedy. What is the ideal of Rizal on nation-building?

In order for the Filipino to progress it was essential for him to have a revolutionary spirit boiling in his veins because progress necessarily requires change. It implies the overthrow of he pastand the triumph of new ideas over the old and accepted ones. Blue print of Rizal for nation-building The importance of instilling racial pride and dignity among his people The promotion of national consciousness The orientation of values and attitudes The willingness to sacrifice for the country through education. On Democracy Liberty is not obtained without pain or merit, nor is it granted gratis at amore What is democracy in a political environment? The political leaders ultimate concern should be the welfare of the majority, he willingly binds himself with the ideals of the constitution and the land and to observe righteousness and justice for the common good. People and governments are complementary, that governments having been established for the welfare of the people should know their needs. A free and responsible free press is very important The press freedom Rizal advocated, would today cover all forms of media press, TV and radio On Education Without education and liberty the soil and the sun of mankind, no measure can give the desire result. How does education contribute to the well-being of a person which is one of Rizals lofty ideals since childhood? Through education and work a person might have a personality of his own and make himself worthy to himself. Pointer: Rizal while in Dapitantaught his pupil the value of honesty, truthfulness and good manners. He told the pupils to be good students in academic matters and also trained them to be gentlemen in interpersonal relations. He stressed the importance of good manners which was not a difficult task. On Governance Power is the very heart of politics. Government exists for the benefit of the governed. The citizen should be encouraged to participate to government undertakings and productive activities by way of consultation through peaceful and lawful means. A government is committed to promote the general welfare, morals, intelligence, social justice and the ultimate happiness of the people On the Family The family is the basic and oldest social institution, is very important in shaping the character of the child What is the ideal of Rizal on the Filipino family? The family acts as a social laboratory which prepares the child for life in the bigger society and that it is the family which is the first, the closest, and the most influential social group in the childs life. The children are expected to be loyal, and obedient to the family On Livelihood Rizal believed that human progress was guided by cooperation, not conflict. He regarded livelihood as one of the focal points of the government to alleviate poverty. On Justice For Rizal, justice is the constant and perpetual will to allot to every man his due. He attested that the twin ideals of the system of justice are swiftness and fairness. Pointer:No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law