TENSILE TEST:

Least count of vernier scale = 0.02 mm

1)Al:
L1= 100mm ,

final length = 112 mm

D1= 12.5 mm ,

final diameter = 5.64mm

Initial area

= 122.71 mm

Final area

= 24.98 mm

Initial gauge length =60mm

Final gauge length = 63mm
2) Mild Steel:
Initial length=100mm
final length = 126mm
D1= 12.4 mm
final dia = 7mm
Initial area = 120.76 mm
Final area = 38.48 mm
Tabular column:
1)Al:
Load

extension meter reading

deformation stress

strain

P/a

dl/l

Kg

avg

avg*lc

200

1962

.01

15.99

10^-4

400

3924

.02

31.98

2*10^-4

600

5886

2.5

.025

47.96

2.5*10^-4

800

7848

3.5

.035

63.96

3.5*10^-4

1000 9810

.05

79.94

5*10^-4

1200 11772

20

11

15.5

.155

95.93

1.55*10^-3

1400 13734

90

84

87

.87

111.92

1600 15696

210

220

215

2.15

127.91 21.5*10^-3

1800 17658

420

420

420

4.20

143.9

8.7*10^-3

42*10^-3

2) Mild steel :
Load

extension meter reading

deformation stress
avg*lc

Kg

avg

200

1962

16.24

400

3924

32.49

600

5886

48.74

800

7848

64.99

1000

9210

76.27

1200

11772

.01

97.48

1400

13734

.01

113.72

1600

15696

.01

129.98

1800

17658

.01

146.22

2000 19620

.01

162.47

2200 21582

.01

178.72

2400 23544

.01

194.97

2600 25506

.01

211.21

2800 27468

.01

227.46

3000 29430

1.5

.015

243.71

1.5

3200 31392

1.5

.015

257.95

1.5

3400 33354

1.5

.015

276.20

3600 35316

1.5

.015

292.45

3800

37276

4000

39240

108

105

.02

106.5 1.065

P/a

strain
dl/l(*10^-4)

1.5
1.5

308.68

324.94

1.065

4200 41202

170

170

170

1.7

341.19

1.7

4400 43164

204

195

199.5

1.995

357.44

1.995

4600 45126

244

235

239.5

2.395

373.68

2.395

4800 47088

288

280

284

2.84

389.93

2.84

5000 49050

350

335

342.5 3.425

406.18

3.425

5200 51012

430

410

420

4.2

5400 52974

456

465

460.5 4.605

422.42
438.67

4.2
4.605

Calculations:
1.Aluminium
% reduction in area ((A1 A2)/A1*100)= 122.71-24.98/122.71*100=79.64%
% increase in length (l2-l1/l1*100) = 112-100/112*100 =10.71%
Ultimate load = 17.70Kg=17363N
Ultimate stress=141.50 N/mm^2
Breaking load = 740kg=9221.4N
Breaking Stress=75.15
Youngs modulus =6.9*10^5 N/mm^2

2. Mild steel
% reduction in area = 120.76-38.48/120.76 *100=68.13%
% increase in length = 126-100/126*100 =20.63%
Ultimate load =5800kgf =56898N
Ultimate stress = 471.16N/mm^2
Breaking load=3900kgf=38259N
Breaking stress = 316.82N/mm^2

Upper yield point = 2000Kgf

Lower yield point =1800Kgf
Youngs modulus = 0.92*1067 N/mm^2