2.

01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Essential questions

What are the structures of blood? What are the structures of the circulatory system?

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Structures of the circulatory system

Blood Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Blood

Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 10 pints.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Blood
One drop of blood contains:

5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs

Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 5

Structures of the blood

Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Plasma

Plasma

Cellular elements

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Plasma proteins

Plasma

Cellular elements

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Erythrocytes

Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation

Oxygen Carbon dioxide

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Leukocytes

Larger than erythrocytes Five types

Leuk/o/cytes white cells

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

10

Leukocytes

Agranulocytes

Lymphocytes Monocytes

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

11

Leukocytes

Granulocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

12

Thrombocytes

Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

13

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

14

Blood types

Inherited from parents

Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 15

In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 16

Blood types

Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

17

Rh factor

Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.

Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patients health, it can affect pregnancy.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

18

Rh factor

In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys.

When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

19

Rh factor

If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

20

Structures of the circulatory system

Heart

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

21

Heart

The heart is a double pump.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

22

Heart
Aorta

Superior vena cava

Aortic semilunar valve Right atrium Tricuspid valve Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Septum
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve

Left ventricle Apex

23

Layers of the heart

Left atrium Right atrium

Pericardium
Myocardium Endocardium Right ventricle Left ventricle
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 24

Conduction system of heart beats

Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the hearts conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

25

Structures of the circulatory system

ARTERIES

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

26

Vessels of the circulatory system

ARTERIES

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries Elastic, muscular and thick-walled Transport blood under very high pressure
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

27

Vessels of the circulatory system

Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

28

Structures of the circulatory system

VEINS

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

29

Vessels of the circulatory system

VEINS

Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart
Veins > Venules > Capillaries

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

30

Vessels of the circulatory system

Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 31

Vessels of the circulatory system

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

32

Structures of the circulatory system

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels Connect arterioles to venules

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

33

Structures of the circulatory system

Trace the flow of blood through the body

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

34

Flow of blood through the body

Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 35

Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body

Pulse sites

Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it.

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

36

Common pulse sites

2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system

37