Unit

PANJANG MASSA DENSITY BERAT

(L) meter (M) ton(1 ton= 103 kg)

() t/m3
(W) kilonewtons (kN)

() kilopascals (kPa) 1 kPa= 1 kN/m2 Unit weight () kN/m3

TEGANGAN Accuracy

Density of water, rw = 1 t/m3 Stress/Strength to 0.1 kPa

CONTOH 1
Berat dan Massa contoh tanah
Komponen Trimmings Mass (g) Total Butiran Air 55 45 10 Sample Mass, M (g) 290 237.3 52.7 Sample Weight, Mg (kN) 2845 10-6 2327.9 10-6 517 10-6

Distribution by volume (assume Gs = 2.65)

Total Volume Water Volume Solids Volume Air Volume V = p r2 l
Vw Ww

w Ws Vs w Gs
Va = V - Vs - Vw

Moisture content Voids ratio Degree of Saturation Bulk unit weight Dry unit weight Saturated unit weight

Ww Ws

10 0.222 22.2 % 45

Vv Va Vw e 0.755 Vs Vs
S Vw Vw 0.780 78.0 % Vv Va Vw

bulk dry

W 181 kN / m3 . V W s 14.8 kN / m3 V

sat

(W 14.9 106 9.81) 19.04 kN / m3 V

Note that dry < bulk < sat

Example 2
Volume and weight distributions
Phase Volume (m ) Voids Solids 0.7 1.0
3

Dry Weight (kN) 0 2.65 9.81 = 26.0

26.0 kN 17 m3 .

Saturated Weight (kN) 0.7 9.81 = 6.87 26.0

Dry unit weight,

dry

153 kN / m3 .

Saturated unit weight

sat

(26.0 6.87 ) kN 19.3 kN / m3 17 m3 .

m 6.87 0.264 26.4% 26.0

Moisture content (if saturated)