Zaman Kegemilangan Islam

-Abbasiyah

Latarbelakang Pemerintahan Islam

 Terdiri dari 3 zaman yang besar – Khalifah ArRashidun (Kurun 7

Masehi), Ummayad Dynasty (Kurun 7/8 Masehi) dan Abbasiyah
Dynasty (Kurun 8 dan 9 Masehi).

 Pemerintahan bermula dari golongan politik yang berbeza.

 Pusat pemerintahan juga berbeza – Kota Madinah, Damascus dan

Baghdad.
Salah silah Keturunan
Pemerintahan
Qusay

Abdul Manaf

Abd Al-Syam Hasyim

Umaiyah Abdul Mutalib

Abu Al-As Harb Abu Talib Abdullah Al-Abbas Hamzah

Al-Hakkam Affan Abu Suffian

Muawiyah Abdullah
Ali Muhammad
Marwan Uthman Yazid (SAW)
Ali
Khalifah Mahsyur di Zaman
Abbasiyah
 Khalifah Abu Jaafar Al-Mansur (754 –
775 M)
 Khalifah Harun Al-Rasyid (786 – 809
M)
 Khalifah Al-Makmun (809 – 813M)
Perkembangan Intelek
 Berkembang pesat di zaman Pemerintahan
Al-Makmun
 Kemajuan berterusan dari Pemerintahan
sebelumnya
 Pemerintah berilmu dan faham dalam ilmu
Islam, bahasa, sastera
 Menggalakkan usaha-usaha penyelidikan
 Mengasaskan Pusat Intelek “Darul Hikmah”
 Pembinaan kilang kertas giatkan usaha
penulisan
 Memberi hadiah istimewa sebagai insentif
 Negara Aman
Tokoh-tokoh Islam
 Pakar Penterjemah Bahasa – Yahya Al-
Batiq, Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih, Hunain Ibn
Ishak.
 Pakar Perubatan dan falsafah- Al-Kindi
 Pakar perubatan – Yuhanna Ibn Musawaih,
Hunain Ibn Ishak
 Pakar matematik dan astronomi – Al-
Asturlabi, Al-Khawarizmi, Al-Battani
 Pakar Sains – Jabir Hayyah Al-Fazi (Kitab
Al-Tajmin, Al-Zibad, Al-Sharqi)
Pakar Matematiks dan Sains
 Muhamad ibn Musa Al-
Khawarizmi
 Pengasas Ilmu Algebra berdasarkan
Kitab yang ditulisnya, Kitab Al-Jabr
wal-Muqabala.
 Terma Algorithm juga di ambil dari
nama Al-Khawarizmi.
 Memperkenalkan sistem number Arab
dan juga sistem number Hindu-Arab.
 Pakar Geography dalam menentukan
keluasan sebenar Laut Mediterranean.
Algebra dan Algorithm
 Algebra 180px-LampFlowchart.svg

 “His systematic and logical approach to where a ≠ 0. (If a = 0, the equation becomes a
solving linear and quadratic equations linear equation.)

gave shape to the discipline of algebra”

 Algorithm
 an algorithm is a sequence of finite
instructions, often used for calculation and
data processing.
Pakar Sains
 Abū Alī al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan
ibn al-Haytham (Ibnu Al-
Haytham)
 Pengasas Ilmu Optik dalam buku yang
dikarangnya “Book of Optic”.
 “The most important development of the
scientific method was the use of experiments to
distinguish between competing scientific theories
set within a generally empirical orientation, which
began among Muslim scientists. Ibn al-Haytham
is also regarded as the father of optics, especially
for his empirical proof of the intromission theory
of light.”
Pakar Perubatan
 Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd
Allāh ibn Sīnā Balkhi‘ (Ibnu
Sina)
 Kurun ke-9 Masehi, Baghdad mempunyai
800 doktors.
 “great discoveries in the understanding of
anatomy and diseases were made. The
clinical distinction between measles and
smallpox was discovered during this time.”

 Pengarang buku , The Canon of Medicine

and The Book of Healing menjadi satu
Ensaiklopedia Perubatan semasa.
Pakar Astronomi
 Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-
Battānī
 Memperdalami ilmu peredaran Bumi. “One of his
best-known achievements in astronomy was the
determination of the solar year as being 365
days, 5 hours, 46 minutes and 24 seconds.”
 He also calculated the values for the precession
of the equinoxes (54.5" per year, or 1° in 66
years) and the inclination of Earth's axis (23°
35').
 Memperkenalkan konsep Trigonometry, tan a =
sin a / cos a.
Pakar Kimia
 Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān
 Pengasas Ilmu Kimia
 “A number of chemical processes
such as distillation techniques and
the production of alcohol were
developed in the Muslim world and
then spread to Europe.”
 Motto, "is that you should perform
practical work and conduct
experiments, for he who performs
not practical work nor makes
experiments will never attain the
least degree of mastery."[
Kegunaan Kimia
 Made improvement of many manufacturing processes, such
as making steel and other metals, preventing rust,
engraving gold, dyeing and waterproofing cloth, tanning
leather, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other
substances.
 developed the use of manganese dioxide in glassmaking, to
counteract the green tinge produced by iron — a process
that is still used today.
 He noted that boiling wine released a flammable vapor, thus
paving the way for the discovery of ethanol (alcohol) by Al-
Kindi and Al-Razi.
 invented a kind of paper that resisted fire, and an ink that
could be read at night.
 He invented an additive which, when applied to an iron
surface, inhabited rust and when applied to a textile, would
make it water repellent.
Akhir Kata
 Cendikiawan Islam lebih
terkehadapan dari yang lain
 Khazanah Islam amat banyak
 Buat yang terbaik untuk kegunaan
orang ramai.