BITS Pilani

BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Dr.Aruna Malapati Asst Professor Department of CSIS

BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Basic data types

Todays Agenda
Write a simple Java program Identifiers, Variables, and Constants Primitive Data Types
Byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean

Operators
+, -, *, /, %, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, ++, --

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Write a simple java program

Example 2.1: Computing the area of a Circle. This program reads the radius from the keyboard and computes the area of the circle. Then display the result on screen. Math: area= xradius2

Input and output required

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Write a simple java program

Structure of a Java file, i.e., ComputeArea

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Write a simple java program

Structure of a Java file, i.e., ComputeArea

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Write a simple java program

//ComputeArea.java: Compute the area of a circle public class ComputeArea { // Main method public static void main(String[] args) { procedure 1 read in radius procedure 2 compute area procedure 3 display the area result } } Need to be implemented

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Question: How we can display data on screen?

Use Java built-in class System System.out.println("The area is " + area);

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Identifiers --Naming
Naming variable, constant, method, object, class, files
An identifier must start with a letter, an underscore '_', a dollar sign, or '$' . An identifier cannot contain operators, such as +, -, and so on. Case-sensitive (like C/C++) Not start with a digital number An identifier cannot be a reserved word. An identifier cannot be true, false, or null.

An identifier can be of any length.

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Identifiers --Naming
Reserved keyword

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Identifiers --Naming
Naming variable, constant, method, object, class, files
Underscore, letters or $ Case-sensitive (like C/C++) Not start with a number No illegal character (operators), such as -, +, *, <,> No reserved keywords

Conventional
All capitals are constant First capital is class name Variables and objects start with low case

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Declaring Variables
int x; double radius; char a; // Declare x to be an integer variable; // Declare radius to be a double //variable; // Declare a to be a character variable;

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Assignment Statements
x = 1; radius = 1.0; a = 'A'; // Assign 1 to x; // Assign 1.0 to radius; // Assign 'A' to a;

Declaring and Initializing in One Step int x = 1; double d = 1.4; float f = 1.4;

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Constants

final datatype CONSTANTNAME = VALUE; final double PI = 3.14159; final int SIZE = 3;

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Numerical data types

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

byte
Byte data type is a 8-bit signed two's complement integer. Minimum value is -128 (-2^7) Maximum value is 127 (inclusive)(2^7 -1) Default value is 0 Byte data type is used to save space in large arrays, mainly in place of integers, since a byte is four times smaller than an int. Example : byte a = 100 , byte b = -50

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

short
Short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. Minimum value is -32,768 (-2^15) Maximum value is 32,767(inclusive) (2^15 -1) Short data type can also be used to save memory as byte data type. A short is 2 times smaller than an int Default value is 0. Example : short s= 10000 , short r = -20000

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

int
Int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer. Minimum value is - 2,147,483,648.(-2^31) Maximum value is 2,147,483,647(inclusive).(2^31 -1) Int is generally used as the default data type for integral values unless there is a concern about memory. The default value is 0. Example : int a = 100000, int b = -200000

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

long
Long data type is a 64-bit signed two's complement integer. Minimum value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808.(-2^63) Maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (inclusive). (2^63 -1) This type is used when a wider range than int is needed. Default value is 0L. Example : int a = 100000L, int b = -200000L

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Float
Float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating point. Float is mainly used to save memory in large arrays of floating point numbers. Default value is 0.0f. Float data type is never used for precise values such as currency. Example : float f1 = 234.5f

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

double
double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating point. This data type is generally used as the default data type for decimal values. generally the default choice. Double data type should never be used for precise values such as currency. Default value is 0.0d. Example : double d1 = 123.4

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

boolean
boolean data type represents one bit of information. There are only two possible values : true and false. This data type is used for simple flags that track true/false conditions. Default value is false. Example : boolean one = true

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

char
char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. Minimum value is '\u0000' (or 0). Maximum value is '\uffff' (or 65,535 inclusive). Char data type is used to store any character. Example . char letterA ='A'

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Representation
byte, int, long, and short can be expressed in decimal(base 10),hexadecimal(base 16) or octal(base 8) number systems as well. Prefix 0 is used to indicates octal and prefix 0x indicates hexadecimal when using these number systems for literals. For example: int decimal = 100; int octal = 0144; int hexa = 0x64;
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Number literals
int i = 34; long l = 1000000; float f = 100.2f; or float f = 100.2F; double d = 100.2d or double d = 100.2D;

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Integer Arithmetic Operations

Symbol
+

Operation
Addition

Example
45 + 5 = 50

Subtraction

657 57 = 600

Multiplication 7000 * 3 = 2100

/
%

Division
Remainder

10 / 3 = 3
10 % 3 = 1
BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

Precedence Rules
1. Evaluate all subexpressions in parentheses 2. Evaluate nested parentheses from the inside out 3. In the absence of parentheses or within parentheses
a. Evaluate *, /, or % before + or b. Evaluate sequences of *, /, and % operators from left to right c. Evaluate sequences of + and operators from left to right

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Precedence Examples
Example 1
6 + 37 % 8 / 5 is the same as 6 + ((37 % 8) / 5) = 6 + ( 5 / 5) = 7

Example 2
6 + 37 % (8 / 5) = 6 + 37 % 1 = 6+0=6

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Reading Integers
import CSLib.*; Inputbox in; int r; in = newInputBox(); in.setPrompt(Enter an radius: ); r = in.readInt();

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Real Numbers
Numbers with fractional parts 3.14159, 7.12, 9.0, 0.5e001, -16.3e+002 Declared using the type double
double pricePerPound = 3.99; taxRate = 0.05; shippingCost = 5.55;

The initialization part of the declaration is optional

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Real Arithmetic Operations

Symbol
+ -

Operation
Addition Subtraction

Example
4.50e01 + 5.30e00 = 5.03e01 6.57e02 5.7oe01 = 6.00e02

*
/

Multiplication
Division

7e02 * 3.0e00 = 2.1e04 9.6e01 / 2e01 = 4.8e00

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

Reading Real Numbers

import CSLib.*; Inputbox in; double temp; in = newInputBox(); in.setPrompt(Enter a real number: ); temp = in.readDouble();

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Shortcut operators
Operator += -= *= /= %= Example i+=8 f-=8.0 i*=8 i/=8 i%=8 Equivalent i = i+8 f = f-8.0 i = i*8 i = i/8 i = i%8

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Increment and decrement operators

x = 1; y = 1 + x++; y = 1 + ++x; y = 1 + x--; y = 1 + --x;

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Assignment Operator (=)

lvalue = rvalue;
w = 10; x = w; z = (x - 2)/(2 + 2);

Take the value of the rvalue and store it in the lvalue. The rvalue is any constant, variable or expression. The lvalue is named variable.
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Simple Arithmetic
public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, k, p, q, r, s, t; j = 5; k = 2; p = j + k; q = j - k; r = j * k; s = j / k; t = j % k; System.out.println("p = " + p); System.out.println("q = " + q); > java Example System.out.println("r = " + r); p = 7 q = 3 System.out.println("s = " + s); r = 10 System.out.println("t = " + t); s = 2 } t = 1 } >
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Shorthand Operators
public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, p, q, r, s, t; j = 5; p = 1; q = 2; r = 3; s = 4; t = 5; p += j; q -= j; r *= j; s /= j; t %= j; System.out.println("p = " + p); System.out.println("q = " + q); > java Example System.out.println("r = " + r); p = 6 System.out.println("s = " + s); q = -3 System.out.println("t = " + t); r = 15 s = 0 } t = 0 } >
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Increment and Decrement

public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { int j, p, q, r, s; j = 5; p = ++j; // j = j + 1; p = j; System.out.println("p = " + p); q = j++; // q = j; j = j + 1; System.out.println("q = " + q); System.out.println("j = " + j); r = --j; // j = j -1; r = j; System.out.println("r = " + r); s = j--; // s = j; j = j - 1; System.out.println("s = " + s); > java example p = 6 } q = 6 } j = 7 r = 6 s = 6 >
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

A Change of Topic

l i int 32 bit long 64 bit

Casting
CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13 BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Moving Between Buckets "Casting"

i = (int)l; l = (long)i; i; Narrowing Widening

int i;

l i long 64 bit

long l;

int 32 bit

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Acceptable Implicit Casts

char 16 bit

byte 8 bit

short 16 bit

int 32 bit

long 64 bit

float 32 bit

double 64 bit

Illegal b = l; l = f; c = s;

OK l = b; i = c; f = l

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Example
public class Example { public static void main(String[] args) { byte b; int i = 257; double d = 323.566; System.out.println(Conversion of int to byte); b = (byte) i; System.out.println(i and b+ I + + b);

} }

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Summary
Java defines 8 simple data types : byte, short, int, long, char, float, double and boolean grouped into four categories like Integers, Floating-Point numbers, Characters and Boolean

CS/IS F213 First Semester 2012-13

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus