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COMBUSTION LEADING TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Presented By: Pranav Mahesh X A

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First I would like to thank the CBSE board and my teacher for having given me this topic. I would also like to thank my friends and teachers who helped me to make this ppt presentation. I would also like to thank arvind [classmate] for the crucial help.

COMBUSTION
Combustionorburningis the sequence ofexothermicchemical reactions between afueland anoxidantaccompanied by the production ofheatand conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production oflightin the form of either glowingor aflame. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds in the gas,liquidor solid phase.

TYPES
Complete

Combustion Incomplete Combustion Smoldering Combustion Rapid Combustion

COMPLETE COMBUSTION
In a complete combustion reaction, a compound reacts

with an oxidizing element, such as oxygen or fluorine, and the products are compounds of each element in the fuel with the oxidizing element. For example: CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen, which is a commonly used reaction in rocket engines: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O(g) + heat The result is water vapor.

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
Incomplete combustion will only occur when there is not enough oxygen to allow the fuel to react completely to produce carbon dioxide and water. It also happens when the combustion is quenched by a heat sink such as a solid surface or flame trap.

SMOLDERING COMBUSTION
Smolderingis the slow, low-temperature,

flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel.

RAPID COMBUSTION
Rapid combustion is a form of combustion,

otherwise known as afire, in which large amounts of heat andlightenergy are released, which often results in aflame. Sometimes, a large volume of gas is liberated in combustion besides the production of heat and light.

What is Pollution?
Pollutionis the introduction of contaminants into

the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form ofchemical substances orenergy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

TYPES
AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION
It is the release of chemicals and particulates

into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants includecarbonmonoxide,sulphurdioxide,chlorofluo rocarbons(CFCs) and nitrogenoxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemicalozoneandsmog are created as nitrogen oxides andhydrocarbonsreact to sunlight.

WATER POLLUTION
It is caused by the discharge ofwastewaterfrom commercial andindustrial wasteintosurface waters; discharges of untreated domesticsewage, and chemical contaminants, such aschlorine, from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surfacerunoffflowing to surface waters waste disposal and leaching intogroundwater and littering.

POLLUTION
Land pollutionis the demolition of Earth's land

surfaces often caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste is not disposed properly.

HEALTH EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

COMBUSTION LEADING TO POLLUTION


Combustion positive effects also has negative

impact on mank Organic materials are not composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but often contain a lot of other elements, particularly sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The oxides of these things (SO2, NO2, for examples) react with water to make acid. Sometimes they even make carbon disulfide (CS2) or cyanide (HCN) rather than oxides.

Combustion is inefficient. The compounds do not

COMBUSTION LEADING TO POLLUTION

usually completely burn, do not completely convert from the organic source to totally water and carbon dioxide. Instead, there are a lot of intermediate organic compounds, the soots and tars are good examples, that escape the fire before they are completely converted to water and carbon dioxide. Many of these compounds are fairly poisonous. The major impact of combustion is that it can also lead to the evolution of greenhouse gas.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GREENHOUSE-GASES


Overall average annual temperatures are expected to

increase. Global warming will decrease snow, sea ice and glacier coverage, resulting in rising sea levels and increased coastal flooding. Rising temperatures will also thaw permafrost in the Arctic. Storms and heat waves are likely to increase in frequency and severity. Many wild species will have difficulty adapting to a warmer climate and will likely experience greater stress from diseases and invasive species.

WAYS AND MEANS TO CHECK POLLUTION


At Home Conserve energy - turn off appliances and lights when you leave the room. Recycle paper, plastic, glass bottles, cardboard, and aluminum cans. (This conserves energy and reduces production emissions.) Plant deciduous trees in locations around your home to provide shade in the summer, but to allow light in the winter. Buy green electricity-produced by low-or even zero-pollution facilities. Connect your outdoor lights to a timer or use solar lighting.

WAYS AND MEANS TO CHECK POLLUTION


Use low-VOC or water-based paints, stains, finishes, and

paint strippers. Test your home for radon-a dangerous, radioactive gas that is odorless and tasteless. If the test shows elevated levels of radon, the problem can be fixed cost effectively. Buy Smart Buy ENERGY STAR products, including energy efficient lighting and appliances. They are environmentally friendly products. Choose efficient, low-polluting models of vehicles.. Choose products that have less packaging and are reusable. Shop with a canvas bag instead of using paper and plastic bags. Buy rechargeable batteries for devices used frequently.

Thank You

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