Introduction - Background - Objectives and targets - History of geological research in East Kalimantan - Terminology and principles in geology. The Geology of Kutai Basin - The main significance of Kutai Basin - Regional Geology - Tectonic - Stratigraphy - Sedimentology & ichnology : fluvial, deltaic, non deltaic, carbonate shelf, and deep water deposits The practical implications - Petroleum / Hydrogeology - Coal Future significance for educations, land use and research development.
Introduction
Background
Background
The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region.
Background
The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region. The Kutai Basin is one of the most important petroleum, coal and gold producer.
Background
The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region. The Kutai Basin is one of the most important petroleum, coal and gold producer. Academic community (students and lecturer in geosciences) have not significance understanding of Kutai Basin geology.
Geology is science NOT engineering. Geology is earth science study of interior, architectural, processes and history of the earth very significance to apply in petroleum, coal, others mineral resources, land use, environmental, hydrogeology.
Monday, December 24, 2012
KUTAI BASIN:
One of the center for geological research in the world and places for geological education and training
The future research solving the geological problems, support new theories and new ideas and practices.
The future research solving the geological problems, support new theories and new ideas and practices.
The future research solving the geological problems, support new theories and new ideas and practices.
Environmental Forecasting
Environmental Forecasting
Climates evolutions Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta
Environmental Forecasting
Climates evolutions Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta
UNIFORMITARIANISM
N
South China Sea
KUTAI BASIN:
Indonesian most prolic basin : petroleum + coal
Celebes Sea
KUTAI BASIN
Mahakam Delta Samarinda
Balikpapan
Java Sea
Regional Geology
Tectonics
Regional Geology
Tectonics
Regional Geology
Tectonics
Interaction of 3 plates: -Eurasia plates -Pasific plates -Indian-Australia plates
Regional Geology
Tectonics
Interaction of 3 plates: -Eurasia plates -Pasific plates -Indian-Australia plates
Regional Geology
Tectonics
Interaction of 3 plates: -Eurasia plates -Pasific plates -Indian-Australia plates
Tectonics
Tectonics
Tectonics
Tectonics
Tectonics
KU
U IH TA
LU
I A
IR IL
Upper and Lower Kutai Basin based on gravity map (Wain and Berod, 1989).
Stratigraphy
460000
500000
540000
BUS-01
Stratigraphy
9980000
U
0 10 20 KM
BAT-01
SEP-01
9980000
MUR-01 PEMBLN 2 PEMBLN 3 JONGGON BUA-01 LJN 2 PEMBLN 4
MUM-01
BIN V-1A
PERJUANGAN
WARE HOUSE
9940000
CAMP 88
9940000
LJN 1 PEL-01
ANG-01
BEL-01
JBYN
NAN-01
AMD
TNG-01
SPK 1-7
9900000 9860000
RIK-01
9900000
TNG
KETERANGAN:
MIOSEN TENGAH N8 N 810
SAM-02 RDN-01
SEGRET
N 850 N 8A N7
RDN-02
LAM-01
N6
LAM-02 BON-01 GNB-01
N5 N4 SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS DAERAH PENELITIAN KHUSUS DENGAN LINTASAN GEOLOGI LOKASI SINGKAPAN
9860000
N6 N5 N4
WLW-01
SWL-01
JALUR SEISMIK
460000
500000
540000
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy
UTARA
A
N5
SEMBERAH-6
A'
G N10
N8
N7 N6 N5 N5
N7 N6
N7
F
G
N10
N8
TENGAH
B
N4 ?
KUTAI RIDGE (GRAVITY HIGH) KAHALA-1 TD 10061 SINKLIN DANAU KUTAI MURUNG-1 TD 5155 SINKLIN PERIAN ANTIKLIN PEMBULAN SINKLIN BUAT BUAT-1 TD 12063 SINKLIN GITAN SINKLIN TALUANG SINKLIN SAKA KANAN ANTIKLIN PELARANG SOUTH S. NANGKA-1 TD 5472 ANTIKLIN MUTIARA PUNAN-1 MUTIARA-2 TD 13481 TD 9458 HANDIL KERBAU-4 TD 11680 BEKAPAI-11 TD 15098
B'
N4 N4
N5 N5 BASEMENT
N6
N7 N6 N5
N7
N10 N8
F
G N10
N4
N8
C
N4
MENTAWIR-1 TD 5620
G
RADEN-1 TD 11867
TEMPAYAN-1 TD 13493
C'
N5
N6
N7 N6
N10
BA
G N1
NG SA
N8
LU
NCO
N7
N7
N7
GARIS MARKER LOKASI SUMUR DENGAN KEDALAMAN TD BATUAN BERUMUR N8 DAN LEBIH MUDA BATUAN BERUMUR N7 - N8 BATUAN BERUMUR N6 - N7 BATUAN BERUMUR N5 - N6 BATUAN BERUMUR N4 - N5 BATUAN BERUMUR N4 DAN LEBIH TUA BATUAN DASAR 6 KM 0 20 KM 3 0
N8
Geological cross section of northern part Lower Kutai Basin, Center part and South-Wain (Bachtiar, 2004).
Monday, December 24, 2012
Batuputih (?)
Bakungan (?)
Batuputih (?)
Bakungan (?)
Deltaic terminology
Deltaic terminology
Deltaic terminology
Sedimentological characteristic in the Modern Mahakam Delta (Allen & Chambers, 1998)
Monday, December 24, 2012
Batuputih (?)
Bakungan (?)
Batuputih (?)
Bakungan (?)
Storm bed
Historical Geology
Monday, December 24, 2012
Historical Geology
Monday, December 24, 2012
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS01
IS-SL/IS-SL/63
SEP-01
10.000.000
B/B/63
MUM-01 Peta Indeks
DELTA MURUNGBUAT-BELONAK
Singkapan Pembulan Stop 2, 3
MM
IS
MS
BUA-01
OS
BIN V-1A
* * *
BEL-01
ANG-01 PEL-01
Daerah Penelitian
MS/IS
IS/MM
NAN-01 SUN-01
Legenda:
SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK
*
9.900.000
TNG-01
LOA-01
IS/MM/26
SKN-01 SAM-01
9.900.000
SUMUR GAS
KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF
LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MIDDLE SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN OUTER SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN BATHYAL
10
20 KM
100 50 0
452.000 552.000
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS01
10.000.000
MOS-USL
SEB-01 SEG-01
SEP-01
OS-UB
PRT-02
MUR-01
OS-UB
MUM-01
MS
BUA-01
0
ANG-01 PEL-01
IS/8
BEL-01 NAN-01 SUN-01
Daerah Penelitian
LOA-01
Legenda:
9.900.000
SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK SUMUR GAS
50
0
SKN-01 SAM-01
MM-IS/82
SM-01 MEN-01
RDN-02 RDN-01
SAM-02
IS/81
SWL-01
LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MIDDLE SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN OUTER SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN BATHYAL
100 50 0
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
ISMS 2.5 ISMS 0
BUS-01
10.000.000
OSB 0 0 PRT-02
OSB 14.77
MUR-01
50
0 ISMS 1.06
Daerah Penelitian
LOA-01
Legenda :
9.900.000
SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK SUMUR GAS
9.900.000
IS 0
SKN-01
SAM-01
RDN-02 RDN-01
SAM-02
GNB-01
0
WLW-01 SWL-01
MSOS 0
LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MIDDLE SHELF
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS01
10.000.000
M-OS/0
PRT-02
MUR-01
BUA-01 50 0 PEL-01
ANG-01
Peta Indeks
IS-MS/IS/73
BEL-01
Daerah Penelitian
MS
LOA-01
NAN-01 SUN-01
9.900.000
TNG-01 SKN-01 0
Legenda:
9.900.000
IS/IS/30
SAM-01
SUMUR GAS
LAM-01
WLW-01 SWL-01
KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS01
10.000.000
IS IS/0.09
SEP-01 SEB-01 SEG-01
OS OS/0
PRT-02
MUR-01
M-OS M-OS/0.65
Peta Indeks
IS/IS/0 OS
BEL-01
Daerah Penelitian
NAN-01
9.900.000
MM
MS IS
LOA-01
SUN-01
Legenda:
9.900.000
SAM-01
IS-MM/0.87
SOS/0
SAM-02
MM-IS/94 SIS/72
LAM-02 BON-01 RIK-01 WLW-01 GNB-01 LAM-01
MM-IS/50 DIS/87
BUS-01
DIS/1 MM-IS/0.92
SWL-01 DIS/0
SIS-DIS/71
MS/1
KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
100 50 0
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS-01 MMIS
MMIS
10.000.000
MUR-01
MUM-01
Peta Indeks
Legenda :
SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK
LOA-01
9.900.000
SINGKAPAN JL.SEPAKU KM.14 SINGKAPAN MENTAWIR 45O SINGKAPAN BP.TEL RIK-01
TNG-01 IS ISMS SM-01 MEN-01 IS IS OS OS MSOS IS RDN-02 OSUB RDN-01 SKN-01 B 75O
9.900.000
SAM-01 OS BUS-01
SUMUR GAS
SAM-02 MS
LAM-01
MMIS
MMIS
KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN INNER SHELF
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
452.000
552.000
BAT-01
10.000.000
BUS-01 IS
10.000.000
SEB-01 SEG-01
MUR-01
Peta Indeks
DMM BEL-01
Daerah Penelitian
IS TNG-01 SKN-01
9.900.000
ARAH PERKEMBANGAN LOBE DELTA SELATAN
9.900.000
SAM-01 MMIS RDN-02 MMIS RDN-01 MMIS LAM-02 BON-01 IS LAM-01 ISMS
Legenda :
SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK
SM-01 MEN-01
SAM-02 SIS
FDMM
SUMUR GAS
GNB-01MM MM
SWL-01 ISMM
KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN FLUVIAL DELTA LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN MARGINAL MARINE
10
20 KM
452.000
552.000
Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen G/H (N8 bagian atas) (BACHTIAR, 2004)
healthy
healthy
stressed
stressed
healthy
stressed
healthy
stressed
Practical Implications on
THE FACTS
Petroleum Exploration: Very complex reservoir heterogenity, quality and geometry. Detailed facies analysis. Detailed and optimize stratigraphic correlations. Understanding petroleum system due with basin analysis. Optimize old data (geochemistry, petrophysics, cutting, geophysics: logging, sedimentology, stratigraphy and seismic). Analogues study: modern and Miocene deposit
Monday, December 24, 2012
General channel reservoir characteristics: Width/Tickness > 50 100 Thickness : 5 20 m. Medium - coarse grained Amalgamated Lateral accretion.
Monday, December 24, 2012
General channel reservoir characteristics: Width/Tickness > 50 100 Thickness : 5 20 m. Medium - coarse grained Amalgamated Lateral accretion.
Monday, December 24, 2012
General mouth bar reservoir characteristics: Width/Tickness > 1000 Thickness : 1 6 m. Fine medium grained Amalgamated
Figure 3.12.
(M) 0
GP.42 GP.42 GP.39
GP.22
GP.22
BON-1
GP.7 GP.7 MFS A10 GP.4 GP.6 GP.13A GP.6
BON-7
GP.39
(M) 0
CHANNEL
BON-4
A20
500
GP.214 SB A60 SB GP.236 GP.16 GP.16 GP.196 SB A60 0 0 GP.134 A80 GP.270 GP.270 MFS N10 GP.282 GP.264 GP.282 GP.278 TIDAL FLAT GP.278 GP.306 GP.306 GP.328 GP.328 GP.301 GP.301 N12A N 12A MFS N10 MARKER GP.212 GP.160 GP.160 GP.75 GP.75 A30
DIST CHANNEL
500
BON-5
A80 GP.232
MFS A10 GP.83 GP.129 GP.129 GP.120 GP.120 GP.134 GP.123 GP.123 GP.8 3 GP.83 GP.81 GP.81 GP.8 3 GP.74 GP.7 4 A60
BON-6 1000
A80
TIDAL FLAT A80 GP.99 TIDAL FLAT MFS N10 MARKER GP.99
1000
1500
1500
2000
2000
GP
SEM # 07
36
C m f vf si cl
GR
6 46 8
1300 PHOTO 10 I 81
45
10
12
I 81
14 0 16 FeOx 2 18 37 FeOx FeOx 4 20 0 44A
74A
74A
MOUTH BAR
6 2 75A 8 4 4 73A 10 6 45A 6 4 8 FLOOD PLAIN 76A 14 10 SH,dkgy-gy 8 72A 10 8 12 46A 18 FeOx 14 77A 14 12 16 71A 22 18 18 16 24 20 20 18 38 26 47A 28 24 78A 24 22 30 26 79A 26 70A 32 28 80A 28 26 34 30 81A 30 32 30 38 34 34 32 40 39 36 48A 38 36 69A 38 36 44 40 84A/85A 46 42 42 40 40 38 34 24 22 22 20 14 65 12 10 6 2 0 66
I 81
22
24
CHANNEL FILL
26
PHOTO 6, 7, 8
12
FLOOD PLAIN
28 44 RBS
PHOTO 9
30 32
CREVASE SPLAY
16
RBS 34
20 RBS 36
16
TIDAL CHANNEL
38
Ss,vf-fg,muddy
1400
40 43 42
44
FLOOD PLAIN
46
I 82
48
50
I 82 A
36
28
64
I 82 A
52
32 82A/83A
I 82 A
54
42 58
FLOOD PLAIN
62 40
I 83
48
44
44 42 63
64
50
46
46 44
I 85
I 83
46
1500
72 56 74 41 54 FeOx 51 52
67A
56
58
41
60
62
64
68
UDP Coal
LDP Coal
UDP Coal
LDP Coal
UDP Coal
LDP Coal
UDP Coal
LDP Coal
Crevasse splay sandstone sandwiched by two coal seams. Sedimentary structures: climbing ripple, slump and truncated dunes.
Stop 14 SEMBERAH 50
48 m Line 03 200 m
Fracturing zone
Line 01
Line 02
Notes :
VICO Indonesia
A Division of Vico Indonesia Company
Stop 14 SEMBERAH 50
48 m Line 03 200 m
Fracturing zone
Line 01
Line 02
Notes :
Two coal seams. Top part is proximal deposit and bottom part is distal portions. Associated with calcareous shales (Delta Front deposits). Amber associations.
VICO Indonesia
A Division of Vico Indonesia Company
Line 02
Thickness M
26
DESCRIPTION
PALEONTOLOGY
FD
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
UTDP LTDP DF
PD
25
48 m
Line 03
Thickness M
27
DESCRIPTION
PALEONTOLOGY
FD
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
UTDP LTDP DF
PD
23
26 21 Platy coal 25
Sh, brnsh-gy
Line 03
Crevasse splay
LITHOLOGY
C M
Grain Size
F vf Si
P7 24
Barren
Cl
Description
Coaly sh., dk.gy..
PALEONTOLOGY
FD
DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
UTDP LTDP DF
PD
23
P6
22
21
Sh, dkgy-gy 16
Sh, dkgy,
18
6
Sh., gy.-dk.gy., upward became darker. Fe ox. concretions and coal clasts float. Thin, sst.lnses. in upper part.
20 2 Sh, dkgy, ember 19 P5 Ss, vfg, muddy, bioturbated 18 Glomospira sp Miliammina fusca Spiroglutina sp Trochammina sp Haplophragmoides sp Total abundance > 50 BRK(+-) Miliammina sp Trochammina sp Thurrammina sp 15
17 feox
14
16
13
Ss, fg-mg, c/up, burrow at the top, climbing rip, carb.mat, rbs
15
Sst., wht.-yell. ochre, vf.-f. gr., c/up., tgntial. cross lam, ripple lam. Burrows at upper part.
Ss, vfg-fg, wh , c/up loose climbing rip, wave rip 17 FeOx 16 Sh, dkgy, laminated w/ ss,vfg, burrow
12
14
Sh., gy., interbed w/ sst., bwnish., vf. gr.. Snd. flaser in sh. lyr. Fe ox. lyr (sideritic) and burrows at upper sh.
6
Ss, wh, vfg lam w/ ws sh, rbs, climbing ripzz
15
dominanted Ss, vfg, rbs laminated w/ sh,brnsh, burrows 10 Sh, dkgy, FeOx
Sh., gy., interlam by siltst., yell ochre and thin carb. mat. layer. Par. lam., cross lam. and wavy /ripple present. Coarsening upward. Calc. bldr. at lower part.
Barren
12
14 P4 Sh, dkgy-gy laminated w/ ss vfg, rbs BRK Miliammina sp Spiroglutinna sp Trochammina paciica Trochammina sp 9
11
13
Sh., gy., w/ reddish bwn., vf. gr., pbl.-bldr. calc. concretions, coal clasts at upper part.
8 Sh, dkgy, rbs, FeOx laminated w/ ss, c/up Sh, dkgy Ss, vfg-silt laminated w/sh, burrow P3 Clastic coal BRK (-) Undiagnostic s.a.f 7
9 10
6
Sh., gy., silty, roots common.
Trochammina, Eggerella, Gaudryina, Ammobaculites, Reophax, Ammobaculites, Ammonia (v. poor) abundance: 15
12
11
6
8
10
9 1
P2
Sh, gy, w/ sideritic fe ox, roots at bottom part. Trochammina rotaliformis, Haplophragmoides, Haplophrag.cf subinvolutum, Ammonia beccarii. abundance: 10
Sh, gy,
5 0
2
P1
Sh, dkgy - gy
Sh, dkbwn, leaf fossils, upward became coaly sh. Coal platy 536800 | 536900 |
0
Line 03 Semberah 50
Semberah 50 Outcrop
9972700 -- | 536800
| 536900
-- 9972700
RECOMENDATIONS
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration:
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration: Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment.
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration: Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology.
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration: Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. Optimized stratigraphic correlations.
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration: Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. Optimized stratigraphic correlations. Detailed structural geological mapping
RECOMENDATIONS
Coal Exploration: Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. Optimized stratigraphic correlations. Detailed structural geological mapping Optimize available data (including old data) ie: ash, S, thickness, logging etc to reconstruct new paleogeographic map based on deltaic sedimentological thinking.
Monday, December 24, 2012
POTPOURRI
POTPOURRI
No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau.
POTPOURRI
No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau. Till today geological data in East Kalimantan is authorized by petroleum and coal industry, overseas research institute & universities and some national institute and universities in Indonesia (LIPI, P3G, and PPGL, ITB and UPN).
POTPOURRI
No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau. Till today geological data in East Kalimantan is authorized by petroleum and coal industry, overseas research institute & universities and some national institute and universities in Indonesia (LIPI, P3G, and PPGL, ITB and UPN). How about us?