CONF'IDENTIAL

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LW
I]NI\TERSITI TI]N HUSSBIN ONN MALAYSIA

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER
SESSTON

II

20tu2gt2

COURSE NAME

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING & SAFETY

BFC 3082 / BFC 32302
3 BFF

COURSE CODE

PROGRAMME

EXAMINATION DATE
DURATION INSTRUCTION

JTINE 2012 2 HOURS 30 MTNUTES

ANSWER FOUR (4) QUESTTONS ONLY. 2. ATTACH APPENDIX I,II AND III WITH YOI'R ANSWER BOOKLET.

l.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF TWENTY SIX (26) PAGES

CONFIDENTIAL

't 't

BFC 3082 IBFC323O2

Ql (a) Define gap and headway.

(4 nxar*s) t:y' .

(b)

Illustrate the Speed-Flow-Densify cirrves in traffic flow&eory. {6 marks)

(c)

Table 1 shows spot spred data collected from a spot speed study which was conducted along an accident blackspot. The data will be usd to determine whether speedps was a contributing factor to the accidents, which involved high nurnbers of fatalities and : serious injuries. The speed limit for the section ofhighway is 90 kni/tr.

(t (ii) (iit

Complete Table 1. Plot a frequency and cumulative frequenry dishibution curve forthis data.
Based on your answer in

Ql(c)(ii), determine the following:

(1)

Pace

@
(3)

Mean speed Median speed

85e Percentile speed Percentage of vehicles in pace Percentage of vehicles travelling over the speed

(4)
(5) (6)

limit.

(iv)

Justiff yorr answer whether the speeding had contributed to the accidents at this
blackspot

location.

,
(15 marks)

;
,l

'r

'

BFC3082/8FC32302

'

Q2 (a)

The deflection angle of a horizontal curve is 55"25',with D is 4", given point of curve, PC is at station 72 + 67 .88 and PV is the station at the otfter end of the curye.

(i) {iii)

Calculate the length.of curve. :tangent lengfh. Analyze and determine the station

,n,,,., i' I
ofPV.

i
(9 marks)

(b)

Starting 2008 to the end of year 2011, about fourteen (la) of raads projects were constnrcted and widened in Johore especially in areas of Iskandar Malaysia The vertical curve on that road is a sag vertical curve as shown in Figure Q2 where the departure $ade (G1) is -1.75% and the approach grade (G2) is+2.25Yo. kngth ofthe curve is 1200 m and the elevation of vertical intetsection point is 591 m.

(i) (ii)

Analyze and design the vertical curve for each 100 m interval. Analyze and deterrrine the elevations ofthe minimum point.
(16 marks)

BFC 3082 IBFC3NA2

Q3 (a)

Briefly explain the following road safety terminology:

(i) (ii)

Accident reduction. Accidentprevention.

(5 marks)

(b)

The pedestrian and motorcyclist are road users which can be categorized as the Vulnerable Road User. List TIfREE (3) activities or actions that can be carried out
under safety program for both road users.

(6 marks)

(c)

Figure Q3(c) shows Blackspot area of Jalan Bunga Raya. Based on the collision
diagram and roadside environment:

(t (it

IdentiS the problems.

Propose countermeasures needed for each problem in Q3(cXi).

(6 marks)

(d)

In Malaysia, road accidents that were recorded in the year 1996 are 189,109 cases while in the year 2005 are 328,268 cases. Therefore, there is 74 percent of increase in road accidents within those years and majority was the head-on crashes.
As a Traffic Engineer, suggest the best solution to overcome such type of collision. (2 marks)

(e)

Road Safety Audit Stage 5 is carried out at new Merang-Kuala Besut Road and the pictures from the audit are as shown in Figure Q3(e).

(D (iD

Highlight the road safety deficiencies on the figure.

Give comment as a road safety auditor based on highlighted deficiencies. (6 marks)

BFC 3082 lBFC323A2

Q4 (a)

Table 2 shows a large number of private vehicle usages in Kuala Lumpur. Based on the table, discnss on mode shdring between private vehicle and public transport. i. , . ",;, Table 2: Sharp by mode ofmnsport in Kuala Lumpur (2003) l
lVlcde Motorcycle Car Bus Rail Peresntace {7o)

t3 7t
6

l0
(6 marks)

O)

hopose how the tunsport mode share can be balanced by the following: (i) Parking. (ii) Bus lane.
(6 marks)

(c)

Integrated Transport Information System GTIS) was launched in Klang Valley to ease traffio flow. ITIS is supported by two core systems, which are Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) and Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS).

(i) (iD

Explain the function ofATMS and ATIS Discuss FOIIR (4) benefits of ITIS.
(9 marks)

(d)

Based on the schematic illustration of an urban road network shown in Figure Q4, list down the type of roads labeled A, B, C and (Omarks)

D-

BFC 3082/BFC323A2

a5 (a)

Outline FOUR (4) principles of safe intersection design.

( uryarks)
q -{: l!

't

(b)

Given in Figure Q5 is traffic flow data and saturation flow for each apprcach at traffrc signal intersectioa consists an a*nber time, a : 35 , all red interval, R : 2s and driver reaction time, / : 4s. Analyze and design a fixed-time traffic signal for intersection given as shows in Figure Q5.
{21 marks)

BFC3OS2IB'FC3ZSO2

Sl

(a)

Berikan definisi sela dan jarak kepala.

{b)

Ilustrasikan lengkungan Iaju-Aliran-Ketumpatan dalam teori aliran trafik. (6 markah)

(c)

Jadual I menunjukkan data laju setempat yang diambil daripada kajian laju setempat yang dijalankan di sepanjang kawasan titik hitam kemalangan. Data tenebut akan
digunakan unfuk menentukan sama ada memecut melebihi had laju merupakan,salah satu faktor penyumbang kemalangan jalan raya yang mengakibatkan bilangan kematian dan mangsa yang cedera parah adalah tinggr. Had laju untuk seksyen jalan raya ini ialah 90km4.

(i) (ii) (iiD

PenuhkanJadual

l.
Sl{c[ii),
tentukan berikut:
t

Plotkan lengkung frekuensi dan agihan frekuensi kumulatif bagi data tersebutBerdasarkan jawapan anda di

(l) Jangkah
(2) Laju Min. (3) Laju Median.
(a) Laju 85 peratus. (5) Peratus kenderaan dalam jangkah. (6) Peratus kenderaan yang memandu melebihi had laju.

(iv)

Justifikasikan jawapan anda sama ada memecut meirpakan faklor penyumbang kemalangan jalan raya untuk lokasi titik hitam ini.
(15 markah)

BFC 3082 |BFC323A2

32 (a)

-lengkunganlendatarUeraf<nir.(i) (it (iii)

Kirakan panjang lengkungan. tfirakan padang tangent. Analisis dan tent$kan stesen PV.

Sudut pesongan dalam lengkungan mendatar ialah 55'25' dan dengan nilai D ialah 4", titik stesen permulaan lenglhrngaq PC ialah 72 + 67.88 dan PV adalah stesen dr mana

,*t'*
t I

(9 markah)

(b)

Bermula tahun 2008 sehingga hujung tahun 2011, kira-kira empat belas (1a) rangkaian projek jalan rcya dibina di Johor terutama sekali di kawasan Iskandar Malaysia. Lengkung pugak jalan raya tersebut menrpakan jenis lengkung pugak sag seperti yang ditunjukkan dala:n Rajah Q2 di mana Gl ialah -1.75%o dan G2 ialah +2.25%. Panjang lengkung ialah 1200 meter dan ketinggian titik persilangan lengkung pugak ialah 591 meter. (i) Analisis dan rekabentrrkkan lengkung pugak bagi setiap sela 100 meter.

(ii)

Analisis dan tentukan paras ketinggian pada titik minimum.

(16 markah)

BFC 3082 /BFC323A2

s3

(a)

Terangkan secala ringkas istilah keselamatan jalan raya berikut:

(i) (ii)

Pengurangan kemalangan.

Pencegahankemalangan. (5 markah)

(b)

Pejalan kaki dan penunggang motorsikal ialah pengguna jalan rayayang dikategorikan sebagai Pengguna Jalan Raya Tidak Kebal. Senaraikan TIGA (3) aktiviti atau tindakan yang boleh dijalankan di dalam program keselamatan untuk keduadua pengguna jalan raya ini. (6 markah)

(c)

Rajah Q3(c) menunjukkan kawasan titik hitam di Jalan Bunga Raya.

gambarajah perlanggaran dan persekitaran jalan
:

Berdasarkan

(i) (iil

Kenalpastimasalah-masalah. Cadangkan langkah mengatasi untuk setiap masalah di S3(c)(i). (6 markah)

(d)

Kemalangan jalan raya di Malaysia pada tahun 1996 ialah sebanyak 189,109 kds manakala pada tahun 2005 ialah sebanyak 328,268 kes. Oleh itu, peningkatan yang telah berlaku ialah sebanyakT4 peratus dan majoritinya adalah perlanggaran depan.
Sebagai seorang Jurutera Trafilq cadangkan satu penyelesaian yang paling sesuai untuk mengatasi jenis perlanggaran tersebut.

(2 markah)

(e)

Audit Keselamatan Jalan Raya Tahap 5 telah dijalankan di Jalan Merang-Kuala Besut yang baru dibina dan gambar-gambar daripada audit adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q3(e).

(i) (ii)

Tunjukkan kekurangan daripada aspek keselamatan jalan raya

tersebut.

di

atas rajah

Berikan ulasan sebagai juruaudit keselamatan jalan raya berdasarkan apa yang ditunjukkan.
(6 markah)

BFC 308218FC32382

s4

(a)

Jadual 2 menunjukkan bilangan penggunaan kenderaan persendirian yang besar di Kuala Lumpur. Berdasarkan'jadual, bincangkan perkongsian mod di antara kenderaan
persendirian dan pengangkutan awaan.

Jadual 2: Perkongsian mod pengangkutan di Kuala Lumpur (2003)

'il

Mod
Motosikal Kereta Bas Rel

Peratus (Yo)

l3
71

l0
(6 markah)

&)

Cadangkan bagaimana perkongsian mod pengangkutan dapat diseimbangkan melalui

berikut:

(i) (ii)

Parkir. Lorong bas.

(6 markah)

(c)

ITIS telah dilancarkan di Lembah Klang untuk kelancaran aliran lalu lintas. ITIS disokong oleh dua sistem utama iaitu Sistem Pengurusan Lalu Lintas Termaju (ATMS) dan Sistem Maklumat Perjalanan Termaju (ATIS).

(D (ii)

Terangkan fungsi ATMS dan ATIS. Bincangkan EMPAT (4) kelebihan ITIS. (9 markah)

(d)

Berdasarkan ilustrasi skematik jaringan jalan bandar dalam Rajah Q4, senaraikan jenis jalan yang berlabel A, B, C dan D. (4 markah)

10

BFC3082 |BFC32302

(a)

Senaraikan

EMPAT (4) prinsip rekahnhrk persimpangan yang selamat.

''

(+ +arkah) t'. :l:

{b)

t Diberi dalam Rajah Q5 data aliran fiafik dan aliran tepu bagi setiap aratr mlsutan Ol persimpangan lampu isyarat yang terdiri dari masa kuning c: 3s , semua meratq R:2s dan masa tiadakbalas pomandu, I : 2s.-Rekabentuk kawalan lalu lintas masa tetap untuk persimpangan sedia ada sepeiti yang ditunju*kan dalarn Rajah Q5.
(21 markah)

11

BFC 3082 lBFC32302

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTERISESSION

COURSE

: :

IY 20l1ll2 TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SAFETY

&

PROGRAMME
COLIRSE

CODE :

3BFF BFC3082/BFC323O2

Table 6: Stopping Sight Distance (AASHTO)

Design Speed

Stoolriag Sight Distance fm)

{km/h}
3A

AASHTO
35 50

2SOO

1)esign
40
50 60 70 80
9Q

AASHTG T994 Desir*ble Mininum

29.6 44.4 29.6 44.4 57.4

65

*5
105

62.8 s4.6
110.8

74.3
94.1 112.8
131,.2
157.CI

130 160
185

139.4
168.7
205^0

1S0

Table 7: Relationship between effective lane width and saturation flow

Width,

!r {m}

$aturatian FIow, F {pcu/h4

1845 186$ 1 885 1915 1 965 2S75

3.Ofi

3.25

3.ifl
3"75

4.00 4.?5 4.50 4.?5

?21*
2375 2560
27 {t8

5.0*
3.2.5

t9

BFC 3082 |BFC32302

F'INAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER/SESSION

2011/12

PROGRAMME
COLIRSE CODE

COl]RSE

TRAFFICENGINEERING & SAFETY

3BFF BFC3082/BFC32 302

Name:

MatrixNum.:

l....rr5.rl

ra
rt'

:-t"r""'L D

ia

FIGURE 04
Answer:

A_
B_
C_ D_

*Note: Please separate and attach this attachment inyour answr script book.

16

BFC 3082 lBFC32302

F'INAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

SEMESTER/SESSION

. :

lU

201lll2

TRAFFIC ENGINEERING SAFETY

&

PROGRAMME
COIJRSE

CODE :

3BFF BFC3082/BFC3?302

Table 3: Longitudinal Coefficient of Friction Proposed for Certain Design Speeds

Design speed, I/ {km/1u1 Coefficient of friction, I

30 0,40

4{
0.38

50 0.35

60 0.33

70
0_31

80

90 0.30

100

110

120

0.30

0.29

0.?8

0.28

Table 4: Side Friction Factor

Design sped

Side &iction

{krn/h}
30

factor,
0.1? 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13
{J.12

4*
50 60 70
BO

an
100

Table 5: Desired minimum horizontal curve radius (JKR)

Design Speed

I\:linirnuan Radius {rn)

{km/h}
1Zfr 100

e=6ah

ll0
465 280
1.;t)

100*

iT0
230
111

80 60 50
rfn

t00
60

8i
5r.i
-10

30
?0

l-'
il

l:

18

BFC 3082 /BFC3230Z

FINAL EXAMINATION
,a

COURSE '

SEMESTERISESSION

: lul?n/lz : TRAFFIC ENGINEERING & SATETY

PROGRAMME
COIIRSE

CODE :

3BFF BFC3082/BFC3?302

-"

it

Sekolah Kebangsaan Eunga

Raya

Taman Eunga Raya

Bus

S1c,p

hr5

Bus $top

lE$L,lmq [G"8,43R

lc,D,flq

FIGURE O3fc)

l4

BFC 3082 /BFC32302

r'INAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

SEMESTER/SESSION

I WZAfin2
:

PROGRAMME TRAFFICENGINEERING& COURSECODE

: 3BFF
:

?''

BFC3082lBFC3i3m

Vz

V,

nt

$1

ft*v-

5Sl.S,

FIGT]RE 02

13

BFC 3082 |B,FC32302

FINAL EXAMINATION
"tt

COURSE

SEMESTER/SESSION

I lVz0llll2 PROGRAMME : 3BFF . 'o : TRAFFICENGINEERJNG& COTIRSECODE: BFC30&/BFC323D

SAFETY

".,iA

Xmirgmax

- A*V* * Yrn*rsmax

G"L

Ym*dms = s*sra*isfl

wher*

Ymirdma,t

=ftffi*

#{**rv*o}?

1*P*

= Gr*{Int*r:ral} + LF,,-1
,n2
l

l,o

= _.ll}

'w-llere e -

.AL

sss -

tro =LFn-yn
S

= 525 1X''
k

$*e;=SxFgxFtsFrxFl

3,=q/S L- Il,J-ni + If l=R+a

4-

V W+L 2AV
-T-25

BFC 3082 |BFC32302

FINAL EXAMINATION

*f5J;

*-.-: Hnrn

(ffi*ffi1z

5>L
5<I-:

r*oin=fs-fr$i&A
t r-mln

A$a

[*o-s!+etj
,5>L:
Lnnin

= 2$

*#l l-

73

BFC3082 lBFC3NAZ

T'INhL EXAMINATION

COURSE

SEMESTER/SESSION

- ', t tl PROGRAMME : 3BFF i ilJ2g1l/12 : TRAFFICENGINEERING& COURSECODE : BFC3082/BFC32302

fr {r- = g

5729.5781_s

200Flc

P=Ys*H*{1-*$$ss}
Ts =

llfn-

.r. rv33s00LJ

os o.ffiaffiss

lr*. + pltanll + n C-l t

a*=*-a$e

Es=[t*-+e]sf*J-Re

xs='-['#.#
I^ t-a

Sj

sr=#
LT-=xs-Y*cots*

\./-rft* or3,o**I n
"[.3 42
1320J Lc = A*ft*
k = Xs

LC,-=+=fr-z*yJ r s css
Sc

* Rc si*s*

Gradient

*f

**pereievated parreillent
D:5486.4

3
L$

rR

L- rAR
1800

T:

R tan N2

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BFC 3082 /BFC32302

FINAL EXAMINAT'ION
SIMESTER/SESSION COIIRSE

III2OIIIIZ
SAFETY

TRAFFICENGINEERING&

PROGRAMME COURSECODE

3BFF BFC3O8?BFC32302
t I

Table 11: Conversion factors to pcu

llehicle *rpe
Fasse*Fes cars

Eqr:iYalent ps* Yahr*

t"G0

Moterc?'cles

s.33
1.75 1.75 ?.25 2.25

I-ig*t Y*as
Mediesr lorries Heaw lories
Brrses

21

BFC3082lB'I.C3?3Az

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22