Homework 2 Answer: BME-AP-K53: Image Processing Course

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course
Full name: Le Viet Hoan

Student Code: 20081030
Homework 2 Answer
A. PERFORM SOBEL AND PREWITT OPERATORS:
A1. Edge Detection using Sobel Operator for:
A1.1. Image 1:
0
5
3
5
7
9
11
0
5
1
5
3
5
7
9
1
2
5
1
5
3
5
7
9
6
2
5
1
5
3
5
7
7
6
2
5
1
5
3
5
9
7
6
2
5
1
5
3
10
9
7
6
2
5
1
5
0
1
9
7
6
2
5
1
-1
0
1
-2
0
2
1
0
1
With x mask and y mask as below:

-1
-2
-1
0
0
0
x
1
2
1
We have:
x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (, 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m 1, n) I ( m 1, n 1)]

11
12
14
16
20
28
26
11
Le Viet Hoan
4
0
-4
-6
-12
-16
-3
14
3
3
-1
-4
-6
-12
-6
8
11
8
3
-1
-4
-6
-12
-12
11
14
8
3
-1
-4
-6
-8
9
14
14
8
3
-1
-4
-2
-24
-18
5
14
8
3
-1
-4
-29
-35
-29
-21
-15
-13
-12
-11
Page 1
y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I ( m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m, n 1) I ( m 1, n 1)]
11
6
2
8
12
12
-24
-31
12
2
4
6
12
16
-17
-36
13
-3
1
4
6
12
6
-28
15
-8
-3
1
4
6
12
-20
21
-14
-8
-3
1
4
6
-16
29
-14
-14
-8
-3
1
4
-14
26
0
-5
-14
-8
-3
1
-12
11
15
9
-11
-11
-3
-2
-11
26
16
6
2
8
12
24
32
32
28
16
6
2
8
12
24
38
28
28
16
6
2
8
16
50
18
10
28
16
6
2
16
40
50
38
32
26
16
14
22
I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

22
18
16
24
32
40
50
42
16
2
8
12
24
32
20
50
16
6
2
8
12
24
12
36
Threshold T so that 50% pixels of resulted gradient images are edge pixels is: 16
A1.2. Image 2:
12
11
10
9
8
6
2
1
Le Viet Hoan
13
12
11
10
9
8
1
2
15
13
12
11
10
1
8
6
15
14
13
12
1
9
9
8
15
14
13
1
9
11
10
9
15
14
1
9
13
13
11
10
15
1
9
13
13
13
13
1
0
9
13
13
13
13
13
0
Page 2

With x mask and y mask as below:
-1
-2
-1
0
0
0
x
1
2
1
-1
0
1
-2
0
2
1
0
1
y
We have:
38
8
6
1
0
-13
-35
-31
48
9
8
3
-12
-30
-13
-26
44
8
8
-7
-27
-9
23
-32
40
8
-2
-20
-6
24
20
-48
36
1
-13
-2
25
22
4
-52
26
-2
2
21
22
11
2
-52
12
12
23
17
10
0
-6
-40
5
16
20
8
6
-13
-18
-15
y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I ( m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m, n 1) I ( m 1, n 1)]
34
-6
-6
-6
-8
-20
-16
-5
48
-9
-8
-8
-17
-24
-12
-12
52
-10
-8
-18
-25
-4
3
-26
55
-9
-19
-30
-6
15
1
-36
56
-20
-33
-8
21
8
-8
-40
43
-36
-11
24
18
-3
-20
-45
25
-13
23
20
4
-2
-40
-50
19
20
20
4
0
0
-38
-39
56
12
26
50
8
36
18
44
56
32
60
14
46
30
18
46
56
66
20
48
40
14
20
58
60
26
46
40
8
4
46
68
50
46
52
52
52
52
78
54
I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

72
54
50
46
44
46
28
10
Le Viet Hoan
56
18
16
16
18
26
24
28
58
18
16
20
38
6
26
46
Page 3

A2. Edge detection using Prewit operator for:

A2.1. Image 1:
0
5
3
5
7
9
11
0
5
1
5
3
5
7
9
1
2
5
1
5
3
5
7
9
6
2
5
1
5
3
5
7
7
6
2
5
1
5
3
5
9
7
6
2
5
1
5
3
10
9
7
6
2
5
1
5
0
1
9
7
6
2
5
1
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
x mask and y mask of Prewitt operator:
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
x
1
1
1
We have:
x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)]
6
2
2
6
8
6
-15
-19
11
0
2
7
9
11
-12
-26
9
-2
-1
2
7
9
2
-22
13
-6
-2
-1
2
7
9
-15
15
-8
-6
-2
-1
2
7
-13
21
-12
-8
-6
-2
-1
2
-8
17
1
-2
-8
-6
-2
-1
-11
10
5
2
-8
-4
-2
-2
-6
y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)]
Le Viet Hoan
Page 4
6
3
2
4
8
8
-15
-20
11
2
2
6
8
12
-11
-27
8
-2
1
2
6
8
2
-21
13
-7
-2
1
2
6
8
-15
15
-9
-7
-2
1
2
6
-13
22
-11
-9
-7
-2
1
2
-9
17
3
-2
-9
-7
-2
1
-11
10
6
3
-8
-6
-2
-1
-6
19
14
4
2
4
12
16
23
23
18
14
4
2
4
12
17
28
22
18
14
4
2
4
11
32
15
4
18
14
4
2
13
29
32
25
23
19
10
12
12
I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

12
14
11
17
23
29
32
30
13
2
4
12
16
24
12
32
10
4
2
4
12
16
4
23
A2.2. Image 2:
12
11
10
9
8
6
2
1
13
12
11
10
9
8
1
2
15
13
12
11
10
1
8
6
15
14
13
12
1
9
9
8
15
14
13
1
9
11
10
9
15
14
1
9
13
13
11
10
15
1
9
13
13
13
13
1
0
9
13
13
13
13
13
0
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
x mask and y mask of Prewitt operator:
-1
-1
-1
Le Viet Hoan
0
0
0
x
1
1
1
y
Page 5

We have:

25
36
33
30
27
18
11
3
4
6
6
-4
-5
1
15
14
1
2
-8
-10
-1
11
15
5
0
-12
-15
-3
13
18
8
4
-13
-17
-5
12
18
9
-3
-5
-20
-8
11
16
4
2
-8
-8
-16
-25
-23
-35
-39
-39
-27
-14
y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)]
23
-4
-4
-4
-5
-14
-11
-3
5
7
6
6
-1
3
6
11
36
-7
-6
-6
-15
-16
-6
-11
39
-7
-6
-16
-15
-2
-2
-18
41
-7
-17
-18
-3
7
2
-27
42
-18
-20
-4
11
7
-6
-30
29
-22
-6
12
14
-1
-17
-34
24
-7
11
16
4
-2
-28
-37
10
7
16
4
0
0
-25
-26
42
9
25
28
4
18
17
32
42
30
35
7
24
25
14
34
42
39
11
24
32
10
20
39
44
15
22
32
8
4
36
45
26
32
39
39
39
39
52
40
I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

48
40
37
34
32
32
22
6
41
14
12
12
16
19
12
22
43
13
12
20
20
3
17
32
If we increase the Threshold T, the number of pixels of resulted gradient images are edge pixels will
decrease.
Le Viet Hoan
Page 6
B. PERFORM LAPLACIAN OPERATOR FOR THE IMAGE 3:

Origin Image:
1
5
3
5
9
11
12
13
5
1
5
3
7
9
11
12
3
5
1
5
3
7
9
11
6
3
5
1
5
3
7
9
8
7
4
4
1
5
3
7
9
8
7
4
4
1
5
3
10
9
8
7
4
4
1
5
11
10
9
8
7
4
4
0
-11
0
0
-4
6
-6
14
-16
-24
-11
-10
-9
-12
-1
-11
9
B1. Using the mask:

0
1
0
1
-4
1
0
1
0
2 I (m, n) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n) I (m, n 1) I (m, n 1) 4 I (m, n)

We have the resulted image and zero-crossing points (in bold):
6
-15
3
-5
-13
-14
-13
-28
-15
16
-12
10
-4
0
-2
-13
4
-12
16
-12
12
-4
0
-14
-10
11
-11
15
-12
12
-4
-11
-10
-5
7
-6
14
-12
12
-13
-10
0
-4
6
-6
14
-12
5
B2. Using the mask:

1
1
1
1
-8
1
1
1
1
2 I (m, n) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n) I (m, n 1) I (m, n 1) 8I (m, n)

I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)
Le Viet Hoan
Page 7

We have the resulted image and zero-crossing points (in bold):
3
-25
-5
-13
-37
-40
-40
-69
-25
20
-12
14
-4
-3
-4
-40
-4
-11
20
-10
16
-2
-3
-40
-22
15
-10
20
-11
16
-2
-35
-31
-6
7
-1
19
-11
16
-29
-30
-2
-5
7
-2
19
-11
-3
-33
0
-2
-5
7
-2
18
-27
-59
-33
-30
-29
-29
-12
-18
10
C. DETERMINE DISCRETE LoG MASKS

The LOG operator is expressed as:
2 G ( x, y )
2 G ( x, y ) 2 G ( x , y )
x 2
y 2
1
2
(2
4
x2 y 2
) exp(
x2 y 2
)
2 2
)
Apply this formula

For = 1.0 we have the 7x7 mask as follow:
Le Viet Hoan
-3
-3 0
-2
1
-1
3
0
5
1
3
2
1
3
0
-2 1
15
16
15
-1 2
15
-37
15
0 5
1 2
16
-37
-121
-37
16
15
-37
15
2 1
15
16
15
3 0
Page 8
For = 1.4 we have the 9x9 mask :
For =
Le Viet Hoan
-5
-12
-23
-12
-23
-40
-23
-12
-23
-12
-2
-2 0
-1
1
0
3
1
1
2
0
-1 1
12
12
0 3
1 1
--99
12
12
2 0
1
503
we have the 5x5 mask :
Page 9

Homework 2 Answer: BME-AP-K53: Image Processing Course

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Homework 2 Answer: BME-AP-K53: Image Processing Course

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Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

Full name: Le Viet Hoan

With x mask and y mask as below:

x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (, 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m 1, n) I ( m 1, n 1)]

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I ( m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m, n 1) I ( m 1, n 1)]

I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (, 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m 1, n) I ( m 1, n 1)]

I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

A2. Edge detection using Prewit operator for:

x mask and y mask of Prewitt operator:

x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)]

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

x mask and y mask of Prewitt operator:

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

x (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I (, 1, n) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) 2 I ( m 1, n) I ( m 1, n 1)]

y (m, n) [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)] [ I (m 1, n 1) I (m, n 1) I (m 1, n 1)]

I (m, n) x (m, n) y (m, n) :

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

B. PERFORM LAPLACIAN OPERATOR FOR THE IMAGE 3:

B1. Using the mask:

2 I (m, n) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n) I (m, n 1) I (m, n 1) 4 I (m, n)

B2. Using the mask:

2 I (m, n) I (m 1, n) I (m 1, n) I (m, n 1) I (m, n 1) 8I (m, n)

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

C. DETERMINE DISCRETE LoG MASKS

Apply this formula

BME-AP-K53 : Image Processing Course

For = 1.4 we have the 9x9 mask :

we have the 5x5 mask :

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