FROM ABYDOS MORTUARYASSEMBLAGES

1 VOLUME

Thesis submitted in accordance Liverpool of the University of Doctor in Philosophy by Steven

requirements with the degree for the of Ralph Snape

September

1986

MORTUARY ASSEMBLAGES FROMABYDOS

STEVEN RALPH SNAPE

SEPTEMBER 1986

ABSTRACT

Professor conducted Egyptian

John Garstang, an important Cemetery site

of

the

Institute series

of Archaeology of excavations

at at

Liverpool, the Upper This have are now

and extensive

of Abydos between for publication, of the

the

years

1906 and 1909. site-records artifacts in Britain,

work was never survived, scattered North

prepared vast

no detailed recovered

and the between

majority

museums and private

collections

Europe,

America,

and Egypt.

In

this

thesis, the context thesis

Garstang's of is other

Abydos

excavations work at

are the

fully site. of

described The major

within part of

archaeological

the

a detailed at

and illustrated compiled of text the to by

corpus the

the material author This the

recovered through corpus pattern

by Gars/tang museum visits

Abydos,

present

and a study the

available illustrate periods.

documentation. and explore

is

used throughout cemetery

of Abydene

usage at

various

In addition, typology as its of basic

an original the shapes data a of

and

experimental

method artefacts vessels is

of

analysing

the using Abydos

archaeological of

presented, from the

number

pottery

excavations.

111

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract. ........... ................ ...................... -. 600000011

Contents List List

...........................................................

iii ............................................... vii viii x

of Text of Plates

Figures

.................................................... .....................................................

Acknowledgements

Introduction

.......................................................

xi

CHAPTER THE TOPOGRAPHY THE ABYDOS 1: CEMETERIES OF

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.4 : The Geology : The Major of the Abydos Region of the ............................. ................. l 4 8 8 15 18 22

Landmarks

Abydos Cemeteries

: The Location : The Middle : The Eastern : The North

of Excavations Cemetery Ridge

at Abydos ........................

..........................................

........................................... .......................................... ..........................

Cemetery the

: Toponyms for

Abydos Cemeteries

2: EXCAVATIONS CHAPTER SOURCES EVIDENCEFOR THE GARSTANG/ABYDOS OF

2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 : Documentation : The Plan of ............................................... the Site ........................................ 25 25 26 27 28 29 30

: The Tomb-Cards .............................................. : The Field : The Monthly Notebooks Reports ......................................... ......................................... .................................... Excavations .......................

: The Photographic : Published Accounts

Records of

the

iv

2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3

: The Harold : Miscellaneous : Other

Jones

Correspondence Notes

.............................

30 31 31 32 33 36 41

Field

................................... Sources .....................

Published

and Unpublished Objects

: The Excavated : The Dispersal

....................................... ............................... ............................ ...................

of the Material

: The Abydos Excavations : Objects in Public

Committee

and Private

Collections

3: AT CHAPTER GARSTANG'S EXCAVATIONS ABYDOS, 1906-1909

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 : Garstang's archaeological of of of of 1906 1907 1908 activities prior to 1906.......... 46 50 52 59

: The Excavations : The Excavations : The Excavations : The Excavations

..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ... ...........................

1909.......

64

CHAPTER POTTERY 4: TYPOLOGY AND THE QUANTIFICATIONOF SHAPE.........

68

CHAPTER 5: HORIZONTAL STRATIGRAPHY IN THE ABYDOS CEMETERIES 5.1 : The Orientation of Cemeteries ............................... Nuclear Development and Linear development : Linear of - the theories : Official : Patterns Limitations of Use in in the the Abydos Cemeteries site's excavators on Burial the ................. 86

5.2

90

5.3 5.4 5.4.1

at Abydos .................... ....................

91 92 94

Abydos Cemeteries

: The Use of the Cemetery at Abydos ........................... Importance the Origin of their : The Evolution of Tomb-Types at Abydos .......................

5.4.2 5.4.3

96 98

at Abydos ......................... : The Use of the Cemeteries the Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom -

CHAPTER 6: THE 'LATE OLD 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3.1 : Mortuary The 'Late :

KINGDOM' IN THE ABYDOS CEMETERIES as Archaeological Horizon Samples ............. Egypt....... 100 105 107 109 113

Assemblages Old Kingdom'

in Middle/Upper

: Naga ed-Der ................................................ : Qau el-Kebir ...............................................

The 'Late Old Kingdom' at Abydos ........................... : Excavations on the Eastern Ridge -

6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.4

The 'Late Old Kingdom' at Abydos....................... : Evidence from the Garstang/Abydos Excavations : Peet's Cemetery 'E' ........................................ Old Kingdom' Tombs at Abydos....... Old Kingdom' Horizon ..............

...

117 119 121 123

: The Dating

the 'Late of

: Conclusions on the 'Late in Middle/Upper Egypt

CHAPTER 7: THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD AT ABYDOS

7.1

Material : Archaeological Period from Abydos

of the Second Intermediate

.........

127

7.2 7.3

: Nubians at Abydos in the Second Intermediate

Period........

129 137

Presence at Abydos ................. : Evidence for a Military Period in the Second Intermediate

APPENDIX: THE MONTHLY REPORTS ......................................

143

List

of Abbreviations

..............................................

152

BIBLIOGRAPHY

.......................................................

153

THE TOMB-REGISTER: NOTES ...........................................

164

THE POTTERY CORPUS .................................................

169

THE TOMB-REGISTER: TEXT ............................................

187

vi

THE TOMB-REGISTER: FIGURES .........................................

403

CONCORDANCE ........................................................

594

PLATES .............................................................

607

Vii

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES

Page Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 1: Major landmarks in of the Abydos Cemeteries .................. 5 9 58 63 72 73 75 of Vessels...... 78 80 82 83

2: Excavations 3: Location 4: Location 5: Profiles 6: Centroid 7: Example 8: Cluster 9: Cluster 10: Cluster

the Abydos Cemeteries of of

...................... and 1908.......

of the Excavations of the Excavations

1906,1907 1909

......................

of Vessels ...................................... and Angle of a Cyclical Analysis Analysis Analysis of of Location Curve .............................. .............................. Population Cups"

the Total the "Drop

...................... ................

of the Vessels

Carinated

Vessels

11: Four Carinated

...................................

viii

LIST OF PLATES
Plate Plate Plate Plate 1: The "Pot 2: Eastern Yard" Ridge the Expedition House at Abydos and Loat Shaft

of

Excavations Tomb with

of Ayrton Brick-Lined

3: Shaft-and-Chamber

4: Door of Tomb 6 A'06

Plate Plate
Plate Plate Plate

5: Statuettes 6: Shafts
7: Burial 8: Burial

from 21 A'06 (left)

and 12 A'06 (right)

of Tomb 18 A'06
in Tomb 24 A'06 in Tomb 30 A'06 ff.

9: Tombs 306 A'07

Plate Plate Plate Plate

Plate

10: 'Cenotaph' 11: 'Cenotaph'

321 A'07 321 A'07 from 321 A'07

12: Model Sarcophagus and Coffin

13: Canopic Equipment from Tomb 324 A'07

14: Chamber of Tomb 326 A'07

Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate

Plate Plate Plate Plate

15: Statuettes 16: Objects 17: Objects 18: Objects 19: Objects 20: Objects 21: Objects

from Tombs 340,346

347 A'07 (? ) and

from Tomb 329 A'07 from Tomb 342 A'07 from Tomb 344 A'07 from Tomb 371 A'07 from Tomb 345 A'07 from Tomb 385 A'07 from Tomb 352 A'07

22: Wooden Sculpture 23: Objects

24: 25: 26: 27: Objects Statue Figure Objects

from Tomb 417 A'07

from Tomb 428 A'08 from Tomb 452 A'08 from Tomb 477 A'08 from Tomb 482 A'08

ix

Plate Plate
Plate Plate Plate Plate

28: Objects 29: Stela

30: 31: 32: 33: Senet

from Tomb 486 A'08

from Tomb 494 A'08

Board from Tomb 499 A'08

"Chapel" "Chapel" Ushabti

504 A'08 and Shafts of Tomb 504 A'08

from Tomb 522 A'08

Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate

34: Kerma Ware Beakers from Tomb 524 A'08 (? ) 35: Figures 36: "Chapel" 37: Objects from Tomb 527 A'08 533 A'08 from Tomb 694 A'08

38: Tomb 694 A'08 39: Objects from Tomb 747 A'09

40: Tomb 748 A'09 41: Tomb 859 A'09 42: Tomb 900 A'09 43: Tomb 938 A'09 44: Tomb 941-949 A'09 45: Objects from 941-949 A'09

46: Tomb 942 A'09 47: Objects from Tomb 941-949 A'09

48: Tomb 966 A'09 49: Objects 50: Objects 51: Objects from Tomb 980 A'09 from Tomb 971 A'09 from Tombs 1019 and 1112 A'09

52: Door of Tomb 1043 A'09 53: Objects 54: Objects 55: Scimitar from Tomb 1'143 A'09 from Tomb 1081 A'09 from 1907

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In any work of required, academic the people both

this

kind,

the of help

assistance collections and advice

of a great for access

number of to

people

is and

custodians for

objects,

colleagues

on particular helpful in

topics. giving

Among all advice like and to

who have been particularly to objects

allowing thank: College,

me access Mrs.

and documentary Ms. R. and Hall, Dr.

material, Petrie

I would

B. Adams and Mr. C.

Museum, Royal

University Scottish and A. J.

London;

Aldred

K.

Goring, P.

Museum, Edinburgh; Mrs. M. Warhurst, British Dr.

Mr. R. Anstee, Liverpool Museum; A. R. David, M.

Kendal

Museum; Dr. M. Bierbrier

Bienkowski and Dr.

Museum; Dr. Ms. J.

Spencer, Cambridge; Carmarthen University

Bourriau, Museum; Ms. Dr. J.

Fitzwilliam Mr. C. Ure

Museum, Delaney, Museum,

Manchester Fleming; O. R. Gurney;

Museum;

Mrs.

Gardner,

of Reading; Mr. B. J.

Prof.

J. S. Johnson, Dr.

University M. A. Leahy, New J. P.

of Manchester; University York; Ruffle, Spencer, Castle Prof.

Kemp, University Dr. C. Lilyquist,

of Cambridge; Metropolitan

of Birmingham;

Museum, Mr. Dr.

H. de Meulenaere,

Musse Cinquantenaire, Dr. M. Saleh, Mr. Museum; Cairo R.

Brussels; Museum; Sulima, H.

Gulbenkian Egypt

Museum, Durham; Society, Thomas,

Exploration A.

London; Bolton

Tamworth Whitehouse,

Museum; Mrs.

Dr.

Ashmolean

Museum, Oxford.

The Egyptology ways during and, the

Department course

at Liverpool

have all Dr. C. J.

helped Eyre,

me

in

many

of my research; Prof.

Dr. K. A.

Kitchen

especially,

my supervisor

A. F. Shore.

My deepest whose help proferred

debt

of

gratitude has been of

is

to far

my

wife, that

Dr.

Joyce even

Tyldesley,

and support by the spouse

beyond

traditionally

a Ph. D candidate.

xi

INTRODUCTION

Between Institute

the

years

1906

and at

1909 Liverpool,

Professor carried

John out a

Garstang, major

of series

the of were

of Archaeology at the in site

excavations never objects scattered. reconstruct, has involved

of Abydos, like

Upper Egypt. a complete since present

These excavations form, been an and

published unearthed

anything by Garstang part of

or adequate their recovery, is of

the

have, the

widely to This the

The major as closely using

thesis the work which information

attempt

as is the

now possible, records with

1906-1909. to the

existing together

relate from

Garstang/Abydos themselves, locate at their in

excavations, order to

objects and to

re-group A discussion of the

the of

recovered the

assemblages of the at at

findspots.

geography

cemeteries this the site site to central

Abydos and a review a preamble 1906 to

work of

other

archaeologists activities

form from the core

to a discussion which This It itself corpus attempts of

of Garstang's acts of

1909,

as an explanatory material a concise material. in the

introduction forms and the

tomb-register. of this work.

primary to be

comprehensive Where register all of it has have the

catalogue proved

of a collection possible and useful,

rather the

diverse listed

objects

been illustrated plates negatives; ideal used not are all

by line-drawing reproduced of but these they

or by photograph. from Garstang's to the

Nearly original present picture objects

plate-glass day of for in an the which

have survived give and the

condition,

clearest illustrate

circumstances there is

of excavation

often

now no known provenance.

Some of the Garstang/Abydos

material

has already

been studied

and, in

xii

part, cemetery

published.

The

early subject the

1907

excavations doctoral

in

the thesis

Graeco-Roman (Abdallah between of Kemp from by available 34 Late and the Kemp in

have been the accounts for

of a recent lacuna in which the

1983) which A'06

tomb-register a quantity by

and 300 A'07. pottery,

Tomb 416 A'07,

contained

Minoan Merrillees

has been thoroughly Furthermore, is being

studied the

and published material publication become non-inscribed

the

(1980).

inscribed for

Garstang/Abydos and Leahy; order

with

excavations was hoped that the

prepared

it

this

material regarding

would the
from possible

to compare
such

conclusions
as might has not

objects
data. conclusions be regarded

A informAtion this this material pending

be derived proved by the

inscriptional and any

Unfortunately, regarding as

drawn the

present

author

should

provisional,

definitive

publication.

Human burials, a relatively social . disposal with

and the

cultural aspect by far

artefacts in the the

associated fields of form of of for are of

with

them,

are and

commonly studied being

archaeology of burials

anthropology, of

largest nature

deliberate - often

archaeological of objects provides of material class and

material. usually different funerary is

The very in

a group -

some aspects

form

purpose-built study. the of type this Most in kind

structure examinations which are is

many from

contexts in detail

a given

of object

studied

- works

too to

numerous

to need specific data to assess of

references. aspects of

A more 'total in

complex social types of of

approach systems', artefact a given the

use cemetery seriation

such as:

studies the

diachronic of in the

change 'economic

(e. g. Kemp 1975: 2); period through of wealth

testing

climate'

deposited mores of this

burials

(e. g. Randsborg of influence to deal

1973);

examination 1975).

political part

and thesis

spheres is

(O'Connor with a number

The second

intended

xiii

of

issues the

which quantity

arise

from

a study of this of

of

the

Garstang/Abydos makes it Just

excavations, suitable for use have

since as the

and range for a wide present identify

material questions. doubtless issues primary

raw data

range

a few of these person than this

been examined on the

by the

author; other of

another and

working those thesis

same data here.

would

problems in

approached

The presentation studies possible.

material

future makes such

The present the tomb-register

writer

would as a

be the

first account

to recognise of writer the a

the

limitations controlled for practical it

of

complete

carefully has, record as

excavation. reasons, has by its plain the

Besides been unable very nature

material to examine preserved

which

the

personally, misleading, these an

survives or hoped just that and the about a

unrepresentative, it is

incorrect present

information. account accurate of

Given

reservations objective, work at easy to be

constitutes record It

substantial, Abydos during

substantially four the seasons methods ago,

of Garstang's ic, dii too

1906-1909.

censorious

employed especially may

by past

archaeologists badly more site of the

who began their pillaged systematic had time well been site

fieldwork like Abydos. to

century Like

on an already wish that of realities a the

Peet,

one

approach undertaken, his this

the while

excavation realising about his

and publication the practical

and place; apply to

comments thesis:

own work at Abydos might

equally

"It is, however, too late to adopt any such Utopian methods, and the Fund is compelled the humbler and more difficult to undertake How much task of saving as much as possible remains. of what from the pages of this volume. be apparent there is even now will If our work seems in places incoherent, the nature of the task we have undertaken be our excuse. " (Peet 1914, xiii) must

CHAPTER 1

OF CEMETERIES THE TOPOGRAPHY THE ABYDOS

OF 1.1 THE GEOLOGY THE ABYDOS REGION

The cemeteries the the cultivation 'high

at

Abydos are borders the (until

situated the west. the Nile

on a sand/gravel to the east,

terrace and the land

between cliffs of of

which to

desert' alluvium deposited or lesser norm at are

The

cultivated of

consists

silt-clay regularly greater

which

building

the Aswan High took of place,

Dam) was to floods a

by the degree, around of

annual every 22,000

inundation. year since the

This regime

summer

became the The cliffs

B. C. (Butzer

1977,526). which Asyut 65-70 are begin (Said million the legacy at the

part

the

Lower Eocene slightly Tertiary

formations beyond (circa. which forming cliffs of are

Qena bend and continue 94). They are part of of

northwards the early

1962, years of

B. C. ) deposits the Tethys

limestone,

chalk

and shale Often

Sea (Butzer 1971,116),

1977,525). the

"wall-like are also

ridges" referred fossils in in this and "to

(Abu al-Izz

Eocene limestone of the presence clay region

to as "Nummulitic" the matrix of the

because rock;

coin-shaped also to

bands of marl points in the

be found Nag

limestone. Asyut enclose (Sal3dford

At certain being

between fall

Hammadi the west

(Abydos great are

one)

the

Eocene cliffs the

back to tributaries

bays into erke

which

(Pliocene) are filled

converge" Pliocene gulf

1934,23)

and which

with

deposits. These Pliocene Valley deposits = circa. was flooded were laid down at years the end of when sand of the the the and Tertiary submerged gravel. part to (i. e. Nile This of cut are gravel sands and 1934, from the years which 1977, 10,000 sand east and so

12-2 million from Cairo in

B. C. )

to Kom Ombo with the of land-surface the sea, which

was followed Egypt its often

by an uplift retreat

eastern the These Nile

and subsequent the

allowed

bed into overlaid the

Pliocene

Bay (Abu al-Izz of Pleistocene seem to in

1971,44). and

deposits

by spreads latest

Plio-Pleistocene so-called Sebilian Palaeolithic ae4 Arkell

terraces, and gravels which

of which

be the

which run

were deposited under this the later

the Middle/Upper (Sandford was circa. in

seem to

alluvium

84 End Map). south B. C. ), by the the

Much of river

later the

sand and gravel Pleistocene (wet-period) Northern Europe. (from

brought 2 million Africa,

during

result to the

of a pluvial Ice Age in of

North Butzer

corresponds 526) identifies

(Butzer 15,000 -

a period

violent include

flooding white is

around and found

B. C. The Pleistocene derived of the from the

deposits

yellow to the

quartz south and stones this time

Nubian limestone rocks "great series"

sandstone plateau. were also thicknesses (Sandford

which

Egyptian of at harder

Various

semi-precious at

cobbles that, in the

washed downstream of and of similar Arkell red & 32).

Abydos,

sand occur 1933,13), breccia

uncomformably while the quartz

Pliocene debris

surface pebbles

includes a

a good deal fke'n--1934,24

containing

(Sandford

The geology design of

of

this all the 5),

terrace periods siting it

had a profound at of Abydos.

effect the

on the cliffs

location to the

and west

tombs of used for Chapter

Since as at the

were not . (see

rock-tombs just

many other

cemeteries members of

below,

was not

less-wealthy

society Because

who were buried large it

in

the

terraces

which

fronted to be of the

the dug

cliffs. into the where to as the would

multi-chambered was essential

tombs were required to select sands a portion could of of shafts the of be

sand/gravel, the solid in

cemetery near

'water-borne' order to avoid the of thick, the of

Pliocene the loose particular

found

surface be the

collapse layers

and chambers

case in

Pleistocene the Abydos

deposits. 'bay' on the

The influence location 38-39 the the

geology

and design & 49). In

tombs was recognised he saw that differed here the

early

on by Mariette composition of a: the

(1880; 1of of

particular, du Centre' the

geological from that

'Necropole necropolis,

markedly being

rest

"sous-sol"

composed of

"melange de de sable et d'argile, qu'on appelle pierre calcaire, de la mollasse it fait defaut, rencontre, quand on le souvent y De la laisse facilement offre travailler. peu d'6paisseur et se d'autres d'amenagement des tombes. On commence a conditions pour funeraires des puits les trouver ont profonds, et monuments (Mariette divisions Ibid., trois souvent leurs au complet. " 40).

Nevertheless, hard-packed utilised reference for sand, the

lenses

of

softer softer of

material pockets

were to seem to

be found have

even in been

the

and these cutting notes

readily with

tomb-chambers. that: -

Garstang

himself,

to 416 A'07,

"As was not uncommon, the chambers in hollowed a softer were than the rock above; in fact the depth of such stratum of gravel by the point determined tombs seems to have been largely at which 1913,108). found. " (Garstang a convenient soft stratum was An illuminating Merrillees of other 1980,10, shaft-tombs tomb is by Kemp (Kemp with cross-sections et al 1904,

section fig. in

of 37) the

this which Abydos

reproduced

and

may be compared cemeteries

(e. g. Ayrton

pl. XX, 7).

Peet the

also

refers of

to

the

geological

make-up

of

the

region

affecting

siting

tombs: -

speaking soft rock in which the tombs are cut is strictly but a deposit at crumbles which in some parts not rock at all, broken the the touch, can be easily with and even when hardest " (Peet 1914, xv). pick. Weigall's forming blown top the 'Cemetery Abydos S', just

"The

situated

north

of

the

south

promontory "a bed of the been

'bay', feet

had a stratification deep" (Ayrton et al

composed of, 1904,11)

sand about

three

of which which "more had

fourteen since

inches

was composed of aeolian Kingdom. which a foot Below

deposits this were, the .

built-up gravel at

the Middle

compact rocks

and sand deposits, varying from

continue to forty

down to feet"

underlying

a depth

(Ibid.

In

general

it

may be said gravel/sand

that

the

cemetery the earlier

area

at

Abydos

consists

of Pleistocene The largest Wadi' gap in which the

overlying these the earlier remains the

Pliocene to wadi, be

bedded sands. the 'Great from a

exposure is possibly

of

sands

seems

of an ancient river.

running

Eocene cliffs

down to

1.2 THE MAJOR LANDMARKSOF THE ABYDOS CEMETERIES

The first cemeteries except refer Nile

point is that

to the

note

regarding points otherwise 'North' local as it

the

topography to in

of

the this

Abydos thesis,

cardinal stated i. e.

referred (e. g. is the

when specifically to flows 'local' at bearings, Abydos. in

"north

[magnetic]"), in which in to to the this

direction

The use of the literature

orientational is usually

indicators referred

way is of the

enshrined site's Local

by most ancient The Abydos

excavators north is

(e. g. Peet about of the

1914,

xiv)

and conforms of magnetic in

usage. following

40 degrees most

west

north. the

description

prominent

features

Local
IPG_ 1

North

<t

OB

NORTH CEMETERY

GREAT WADI D MIDDLE

C F

CEMETERY

F97
NORTH

CEMETERY

A
EASTERN

100 m.

A= B= C= D= E= F= G= H= I= J= K= L= M=

Temple

Rameses II of Dig House

Garstang's Petrie's Shunet Middle Western Funerary Funerary Funerary Coptic Osiris

Dig House ez-Zebib Fort Mastaba Palace Palace Palace Der Temple Enclosure of Djer of Merneith of Djet

Kom es-Sultan Lakes

Figure

1-

Major

Landmarks

of

the

Abydos Cemeteries

cemeteries 1896-1926 cemetery, of the site

is

largely

based work

on on

excavation the 1980)

reports of to

of

the

period of the

(and more recent

topography and refers this best

parts the

e. g. Kemp and Merrillees at that time. evidence,

appearance figure solution area. 1, to

The map based on to connected be the with

material, available of this

seems,

on present

vaguenesses

and problems

topography

Within and the Abydos part Seti these slope of

a larger cultivation is a district area

context

of

the

cliffs to the

of east,

the

high

desert

to

the area

west at

immediately with its

the main cemetery features. the of, The

own distinctive major landmarks west

southern of from of a the The slope rises the

this

has as its

cenotaph-temples north foot and

I and Rameses II. temples running slope edge of peters forming is the

Between, South

to the

and running at the of

Cemetery, slope, side is to the Ridge,

which the

terminates

east-west. on its this

This northern

plateau

on top

it,

east-west western gradually again, cultivation.

comprise somewhat east

the Middle indistinct

Cemetery. as dips down the and to

cemetery while Eastern

away, the

the

slope falling

before

Immediately running landmarks Garstang Exploration Petrie

to

the

north

of

the

Middle

Cemetery Great the

is

depression, Two notable of

east-west, on the (and

and here floor of

referred

to as the are

Wadi.

this

depression the "Northern

expedition of

house the and that of

subsequently

House" expedition) archaic relevant on eastern

Egypt of the

Fund and the ruins). is

Pennsylvania/Yale west are the

(now in

To the not itself

Royal to the

tombs this evolution the

Umm el-Qaab, although its

which

directly of influence At the

thesis, and Great

presence of the

had a deal

development

Abydos

cemeteries.

end of

Wadi are spit of

two low depressions the Eastern Ridge.

filled

with

water,

flanking

the

northern

As the the North Middle

southern

slope its

of

the

Great

Wadi forms is the

the

northern

extent of

of the

Cemetery,

northern major

slope

southern

boundary is for the its

Cemetery. wall of of

The latter's the Osiris

eastern

terminus at least

western southern to the

temenos part east.

Temple Enclosure, the cemetery Cemetery its

- north

the Temenos wall edge of towards beyond is the the the

area is

goes further somewhat extent Coptic

The western further stretching feature

North

indistinct, is Der. built also This within

espcially unclear, last-named the walls

north; last

northern landmark,

useful

a modern village "Funerary Helck

which

seems to be these

of an archaic Kaiser 1969; the

Palace" the is the

(for

see point

especially in of the these

Kemp 1966; North

1972);

main reference the best

Cemetery, while the t

Shunet

ez-Zebib, of

preserved from provide of

structures, "Tombs of fixed-points Cemetery.

the

remains

others Petrie in

(chiefly 1925) part

Petrie's useful North

Courtiers" hick

excavations, tombs

some later

this

the

Apart

from

these

examples,

readily not of the

identifiable This the area, on a of

and makes it location as few

consistently difficult of different have of the been Peet the effort to

used landmarks pinpoint excavator's published Abydos questioned 1914, location xiv, the with

at Abydos are any work site degree within of their and plans

plentiful. precision cemetery

workers map did

excavations the accuracy

large-scale those who

cemeteries, (e. g. the

has and

provided

in Mariette 1980,287). figure

1869, The

p1.1, map

see Kemp & Merrillees of major landmarks

showing an

at Abydos,

1, represents

to

collate

the

sometimes is

tenuous

information below. It should if

provided be borne useful,

by in

different mind that upon this of the

excavators, this which

which

summarised

map should to try to

be regarded locate

as a provisional, 1906-1909 to know where Garstang.

framework Before

Garstang's one needs and after

excavations. other

can be done, site worked

however, both before

excavators

1.3 THE LOCATION OF EXCAVATIONS AT ABYDOS

The following various 1906-1909 description account the is

section

is

a tentative the site

reconstruction prior to, and than Abydos the

of soon

the

work

of the

excavators Garstang of best

who dug at excavations.

after,

Even in

more the to

the

preceding this aligning Abydene North

the major regarded

landmarks

cemeteries, of the and

as one solution both below to

problems and to Middle the

work of

different The area not its

excavators discussed

each other of out the Osiris the in

landscape. Cemeteries; to justify

consists

enough work has been carried inclusion carried are in any account out within of the

South

Cemetery at and

major

excavations

Abydos. on the

Excavations Rom

Temple Enclosure from the

es-Sultan

likewise

excluded

following

consideration.

1.3.1

THE MIDDLE CEMETERY

That thesis,

part

of

the

Abydos Cemeteries to as the Middle

which Cemetery

is, has

for also

the

sake

of

this the

referred

been

called

"Necropole

du Centre"

(Mariette

1880,40ff.

) and the

"South

Cemetery"

tb

i
Excavations in the Ab dos Cemeteries

10

Key to Figure

1=

Egypt

Exploration the

Fund Southern east of '5' it

Dig House,

with

the

"Well

and

Dog

Hypogeum" to

2=
3= 4= 5= 6= 7= 8=

Frankfort
Amelineau Frankfort

excavations
excavations '6' and

excavations Peet Cemetery 'E' Cemetery and Loat Cemetery 'T' 'G' Cemetery 'F'

Petrie Ayrton Peet

9=

Peet Cemetery 'R'

excavations)

10 = Neferhotep Stela (Mace and RandallMacIver 11 = Mace and Randall Maclver Cemetery 'D'

12 = Amelineau excavations 13 = Peet Cemeteries '%', 14 = Garstang Cemetery 'E'

'7' 'B', 'C', 'F' and

'0', 'W', 15 = Peet Cemeteries 16 = Currelly Cemetery 'w' 17 = Currelly 18 = Currelly 19 = Peet Cemetery Cemetery 'Y' 'm' `V'

'Z' and

Cemetery

20 = Amelineau excavations 21 = Peet Cemetery 'S' 22 = Peet Cemeteries 'K',

23 = Amelineau excavations 24 = Peet Cemetery 'M' 25 = Amelineau excavations 26 = Peet Cemetery 'D' 27 = Pennsylvania/Yale Petrie

'3' 'L',
'4',

'N' and
"es-Zein"

'1'

excavations Courtiers"

"Tombs of

the

excavations

11
(Peet

1914), best Petrie

although regarded describes

the

latter

includes entity Cemetery

the

Eastern dealt

Ridge with

which as

is such

probably below.

as a separate the Middle

and is in the

following

terms: the the The is

"On the south side of the great valley which leads up to desert Royal Tombs, a spur forward the between of runs Temenos of Osiris and the great temples of the XIXth Dynasty. for half back, about of this hill, surface whole a mile 1902,34). honeycombed with tombs. " (Petrie "Necropole

Mariette and flanks p1.1;

described of a hill n. 1).

his

du Centre" map of the

as occupying site at the its Middle area of the

the

summit 1869, extent, it hill

marked X on his The "Necropole the eastern

(Mariette greatest

1880,40

du Centre", part of

must only appears which

have included on Mariette's

Cemetery; of a

map as an integral four sides.

geographical plan of the

slopes

away on all 1899,

Amelineau's from further is that to still

cemeteries shows than as the a and

(Amelineau the Middle

frontispiece), stretching although

adapted much

Mariette, west

Cemetery du Centre", hill.

"Necropole distinct Merrillees, volume his is

the. latter

represented noted in (Kemp

Moreover, 1980,287),

as Kemp and Merrillees the to plan of Abydos which trusted, the site

have

appears and there of as

Mariette's and a

probably

not

be completely absent from the

Mariette

deputy

Gabet were often of confusion excavations. published the type that

may have been the "Necropole the

good deal du Centre" marked

regarding Although

actual

location may have

Mariette

regarded area, it

area

on the

map as one self-contained of material at least which some of may of Mariette this

seems likely that he found carried by the

(considering in out local this

reports

cemetery) Eastern

work was actually been regarded

on the reis

Ridge.

The latter

have the

employed (or It is

by Mariette at also of least likely the .

as part the original

"Necropole of extent, was

whereas map) did small

Mariette not.

surveyor its

du Centre", I the published only a very by

that,

whatever du

proportion

"Necropole

Centre"

excavated

12

Mariette's "Necropole

men,

most

of

their

efforts

being

concentrated

on

the

du Nord".

Petrie's edge of

Cemetery the Middle back" order

'G'

(6 on fig.

2) is

situated old

towards fort was at Osiris Tombs have for been

the

northern

Cemetery (Petrie

"opposite 1902,34). the for III, bulk the and 'G' of

the This his

(Shunet-ez-Zebib), only worked by

further and Petrie in

area workforce

to employ needed

various

times at Umm in who not as this any edge"

when they the

were not of

major in also

work in the

the

Temenos, at been Currelly chosen the dug

Cenotaph

Senwosret 1).

Royal to

el-Qa'ab order to

(Ibid., provide the 'G' of

Cemetery

seems

practical excavations; its proximity our

supervision it also

experience seems to have expedition Furthermore,

organised least it part sort had, lay of of as

because "close the

to Petrie's (Ibid. had not those been the 'G' ).

headquarters the tombs in in

behind Abydos

huts"

cemeteries way, while

been previously "near wrecked provided to the

excavated the by desert

systematic Petrie

situated "completely information immediately ez-Zebib fig. 36).

remarks, ). Following

Mariette's Kemp

plunderers"(Ibid. and Merrillees dig house

by Petrie, of

shows Cemetery of the

south plan of

Petrie's the of be North 'G' noted the their of the

and south

Shunet

on their This it

Cemetery

(Kemp and Merrillees by the

1980,

positioning should general remark

has been followed that extent northern Great no attempt of the extent

present

writer,

although even except in to the

has been made to define, Cemetery 'G' excavations, at the

terms, that slope

was certainly et al of this

base of

southern

Wadi (Ayrton

1904,6). siting to Peet's of Cemetery Cemetery 'E' to 'G' seem S (7 on south to fig. of be 2). the quite This dry

The implications considerable cemetery "lies with

regard

on the

low mounds immediately

the

13
divides (Peet of of east Peet's of the the the

watercourse The cemetery (Ibid., expedition edge of

which is xiv, house,

the

site on due his

into

two halves" sketch-plan [magnetic] to the If

1914,17). whole area

also fig.

shown l) as

north as lying 76). lack

southern western is part to of of to the

and described Cemetery the

the Middle

(Ibid., possible

sketch-map eastern

be believed the north

and given edge of the 'G',

of

space

on the of

Middle it would

Cemetery seem that V. Against

because Peet's this of if 'E'

the

position 'E' lay of 300

Petrie's the west

Cemetery of Petrie's one might north of 'E'

Cemetery interpretation as being taken of

Cemetery cite Peet's

evidence to put but the

description temple north-east its which,

metres would Cemetery

the

Rameses II to the

literally,

Cemetery

close

corner position

the Middle on his

a considerable 'E'

distance

away from

sketch-plan. northern Cemetery which into

Cemetery edge of (Peet runs the

definitely

seems to have stretched as one of its

as far

as the the This ridge

the Middle

Cemetery

components, "on the

and Loat at right

1913,40-47), angles from the the

was situated edge of Tombs" the (Ibid.,

south away while

cultivation 40),

back a

desert

towards (Ibid., ridge.

Royal

published at the

photograph base of Peet this also

pl. 16,2)

shows This

burials

being

excavated

excavated and while Dog

in

the Middle (1 graves

Cemetery on fig. 2). the

in

an area These

referred structures (Peet

to

as were

"The Well discovered 98, fig.

Hypogeum" for

looking the

"near

Fund house" Their

1914, on the

1 - i. e. map of refers

southern

expedition

house).

position

present Peet which largest 76).

the Middle to the central waste

Cemetery part by early the rest

must be very of the Middle

approximate Cemetery who tip as

indeed. "a region the 1914, the

has been laid

excavators with their

worked heaps" who

only

tombs and concealed This seems to be largely

(Peet excavated

the

work of

Amelineau

14
"Aupweth" of it, (1899,14-23, that in of Minmose both of "6" on his frontispiece "5" is on the

tomb of the west

map)

and,

to

(Ibid., these

9-13, tombs lie

frontispiece 3 on figure he 1900, termed "for left

map):

the

area

which

labelled (which in

2. The last-named "G. 100") the

tomb was re-excavated to his work in the

by Garstang the North

as an adjunct purpose of

Cemetery stone

special

recovering

inscribed

sarcophagus pl. XXXIII).

behind

by a previous

excavator"

(Garstang

1901,21,

In to his site, over Petrie,

1925-1926 clearance in almost

Frankfort of the

dug a number of Osireion. separate areas

tombs as a subsidiary all which

activity over were the left

These were "scattered patches of ground,

a dozen bigger

between

the

excavated

by our 1930,213). of the

predecessors Frankfort Cemetery house" He lying (Ibid., 'E', must also

Mariette, dug "on some the

Garstang tombs

Peet. " (Frankfort and in the general south marked the as of 2 area the on

Predynastic high ground

Middle

immediately they dating to are to

north

expedition 2. Period 'E"' Garstang's excavations 2.

(Frankfort dug tombs to the -

1930,214); supposedly south, partly

figure

First west 'E'

Intermediate of Cemetery than

"partly

the

217-218 which have

presumably the North

Peet's

Cemetery these area

rather

was in been

Cemetery): in the

last-named 4 on figure

approximately

of

Also are

probably

to

be included Cemeteries "about half

in

the '4'

ambit and 'X' to the

of

of

the

Middle in of

Cemetery 1899-1900. the valley

Randall-Maclver's

excavated the Royal south

These were located leading from the

mile to

"Temple

of Osiris"

Tombs at notes

Umm-el-Qa'ab" that these

(Randall-MacIver cemeteries excavated are

and Mace 1902,53). possibly the same in as 1908,

(1975; 2 34) Kemp the two

Predynastic that: -

cemeteries

by Ayrton

and Loat

who state

15
"These

diggings tentative graves are the result of among a opened graves which occupy two slightly number of already raised the spits of land about half a mile to the south-east early of Royal Tombs. They are perhaps connected with that great cemetery further crept towards the which seems to have gradually west in the Und Dynasty, in the site was abandoned, apparently until favour the land. " on the edge of of the necropolis cultivated (Ayrton and Loat 1911,2). both

The exact are probably

location to

of

these

excavations

is

uncertain, extension

but of

they the

be placed

somewhere near

to a southern

Middle

Cemetery.

1.3.2

THE EASTERN RIDGE

One of

the more problematic its status

areas with

at Abydos regard it as to

is

the Eastern

Ridge

and, Some Middle

more particularly, excavators Cemetery break, his

the Middle

Cemetery. of the

seem to have con1sidered and, in plan, have shown it it

as a continuation such with no

distinguishing area. In it it any

while

others the site

have ignored Marietta I', "Ville he which on

completely the but in same

as a cemetery ridge, does not

map of

illustrates Antique", excavated is the of the

distinguishing ascribe to du that Possibly absence map of certainly the the site, (see the from

by the of the

designation material X),

which material dug

the

"Neecropole as

Centre" later the the

(labelled said

character itself. his

to have been nature

Eastern is final the

Ridge due to

confused site, Ayrton Ridge's that not

of Mariette's inaccuracies in

report the

and also and Loat,

published best description unit, map of and "South

above). Eastern believed

who have provided status

independent

as a geographical there. Middle area, On his

Mariette's differentiate

men excavated between the

Peet

does Ridge,

Cemetery his

Eastern

showing

them as one continuous

Cemetery",

on

the

16
R by

eastern

end of which, the the and the best

overlooking way of

the

cultivation, the eastern Osiris the

are Eastern end

his

cemeteries Ridge is

& T. Possibly considering Cemetery

identifying of the

relative western this

positions

of

the

Middle the this Beni

Temenos wall wall is is having in line

of the with

Temple

Enclosure edge of that of

on Mariette's Eastern ridge Mansur Ridge. does not

plan

western by the the

The situation now exist,

made more complex disappeared under

fact

village

(Kemp 1975,34).

After until it

Mariette's

(probable) to

work on this intensive

ridge,

it

was

left

fallow

was subjected 1909 and 1913. 1909 to this part the of

investigation mentioned in

by three his monthly the

expeditions report area for worked

between January during

As Garstang

Abydos the

Excavations

Committee,

season

had been partially prior and

excavated to Garstang's who

by an Egypt arrival at this

Exploration the area site.

Fund Expedition This was the 'F' the (7 work on 'F'

immediately of Ayrton fig. 2).

Loat,

designated like fully of

Cemetery

Unfortunately, were never report Egypt

Garstang's published, the seasons Fund of the

excavations, accounts work in of the

Cemetery

soundings only Report' later they 'F'

the work appearing 'Archaeological 1909) the

as a brief of the

Exploration of eight 1923). the

(Ayrton better

and Loat tombs and

and as a objects Cemetery Society, some of 1923,161 are

description contained is (Loat

Further of from since

documentation the this Egypt

concerning

now housed of

in the been

Archives

Exploration (although Loat 'F'

mainly these

consisting cards have

tomb-cards missing

season

Ayrton's

death

n. 1) and a small useful as they excavations; of this fill

number of certain most part

photographs. in the they Abydos

The Cemetery more poorly provide

records

lacunae importantly of the

documented

Garstang the

information

about

topography

17

cemeteries:

"To the north of the Temple Rameses lies of ridge a long found to contain between two roads which Mariette the tombs of Old and Middle Kingdoms. The extreme eastern this ridge edge of to the cultivation, had never and apparently slopes down abruptly We therefore began our work here, been. excavated. and, starting for the most part to the south, opened some three hundred graves, XIIth with a few of the of the Vth and VIth Dynasties, and " (Ayrton XVIIIth. aid Loat 1909,2) 'F' "situated as and fifty

Loat ground

describes about one

Cemetery hundred

on a gently yards from of

sloping the edge

piece of 'F'

of the were

cultivation. supplemented been published below. Soon after Peet's

" (Loat

1923,161).

These descriptions of the the area, other

Cemetery has as

by two photographs (Kemp 1982,

one of which appears

already 2

p1.29);

plate

Garstang's 'R'

excavations,

the

ridge

was worked 'T'

in

1912-13 fig.

as 2),

Cemetery in the

(9 on fig.

2) and Peet's

Cemetery

(8 on

described

following

terms: falls the ground length, metres in latter being the had The place as it did so close

"On the extreme the of edge cultivation sharply, and it is this steep slope, about 200 R and T, the which we marked with the letters more southerly and R the more northerly. portion been to some extent lying by natives, attacked land. " (Peet 1914,76) to their

Peet here,

also

refers that

to

the

work of Garstang two excavators among the while the

and,

that

of Ayrton in the there

and

Loat which the were

saying

the

latter

worked

region (i. e. here

he designated southern planned ridge. " part

T, especially of the ridge), to

earlier his clearing own

tombs

excavations of this very

as "an attempt (Ibid. .

finish

productive

Probably disappeared (among other

the

last

excavation of Frankfort, locations

on

the

Eastern out the

Ridge

before

it there It

was that varied

who carried in

some soundings 1925-1926.

at Abydos)

season

18
to by him as "the above the between the over path

was referred necropolis, halfway

high

ground the

on

the

very

edge lying

of

the

which

skirts

cultivation"

"about and

Government

rest-house work"

and the (Frankfort

Rom es-Sultan" 1930,215).

had been "left

from Mariette's

CEMETERY 1.3.3 THE NORTH

Mariette's North Osiris (Marlette the Nord" Coptic ridge

"Necropole Mariette

du Nord" states and while Wadi.

included that on its it the

most of the was bordered west by

eastern on the

half east

of

the

Cemetery. Temple

by the

Enclosure

the

Shunet was

ez-Zebib on du and 'S'

1880,42,240), of the Great

southern

boundary of

probably "Necropole

The northern half that by way the early until

limits between

the

would Der;

seem to Peet's

be roughly statement

the

Great

Wadi

southern

part

of his (Peet virtually

Cemetery 1914,30)

had been "worked while the northern that of this the

sporadically portion marks north-west Leahy

excavators" then, extent been of

had, the

untouched, work. du the by Nord" north-east Amelineau's north-west for place corner the the of The is

suggests location something corner of

northern corner

Mariette's

of

the

"Necropole it on

of a problem. the Shunet

(1975,255) this may

places be from

ez-Zebib; ridge

justified here to

illustration corner of

of a shallow the Kom es-Sultan, du corner Nord". of the - this du of the

running would

the

which and

make a neat

boundary

"Necropole north-west the of

Kemp

Merrillees du Nord" seem possible a sraight

(1980,286) on the if line south-east the northern running Peet's south-east

Necropole would was

Shunet'ez-Zebib the "Necropole corner hitting

extent from the 'S',

Nord" the

north-west and thus

Kom es-Sultan ez-Zebib

and through close to its

Cemetery corner.

Shunet

19

The position fixed the to with

of Peet's

Cemetery since it

'S'

(Peet

1914, part of

xiv, the

30-47) northern in

can wall relation

be of

some accuracy Palace'

included which

'Funerary the

of Merneith,

was later the Shunet

planned ez-Zebib) of

other'Funerary 1925, pl. XV).

Palaces'(including Cemetery fig. 'S' covered

by Petrie 40 2. to be east also *x,

(Petrie

an area

approximately

x 45 metres Another explored of the

(Peet area in

1914,30, the North

8) and is close 'Y'

shown as 21 on figure to the Shunet not on 15 of 'W' far fig. on the ez-Zebib to 2).

Cemetery Cemetery Shunet

by Peet southern in a

was Peet's half large, of the

(located 19 labelled the south

the He figure

ez-Zebib area (to

excavated consisting corner of

contiguous Cemetery ez-Zebib), edge of the 'Z'

of Peet's the 'Z' Shunet and the to the Other

south-east Peet's '0'

Peet's Great

Cemetery Wadi), 'Z' the

(between

Cemetery (lying

and Peet's and south immediate

Cemetery of the

just

west

of Peet's

Cemetery in

Shunet of the

ez-Zebib). Shunet Ibid. the area

excavators include

who worked ("3"

vicinity

ez-Zebib

Amelineau

on frontispiece out

map of Amelineau a large clearance rectangle and the the to in area the

20 on fig. of

2) and Petrie, the

who carried (Petrie 2 as a Shunet

the Tombs of

Courtiers

Ibid.

excavated east Fort. of,

by him is and including

shown on figure parts of, the

dotted ez-Zebib

Middle

The area explored. (25 on fig. cultivation

north

of

the

"Necropole

du Nord" the 15

has been north metres 300 'D' 2. within of

less the above metres (Peet

intensively Kom es-Sultan the to 1913, nearby the xi; the of the

Amelineau 2), which

dug a small rose

mound to of

to a height 1899,6-7). spot is 26 Peet's on

(Amelineau of fig. 1), this

Nearly Cemetery figure

north-north-west 1914, xiv,

labelled expedition

More the

recently, area

Pennsylvania/Yale

has been working

20
"Necropole Temple

du Nord",

close

to

the

western

Temenos wall 1967;

of

the 1969).

Osiris

Enclosure

(27 on fig.

2 - see O'Connor,

1968;

To the

south-west 2).

of

the

Shunet

ez-Zebib

lay

Garstang's state Cemetery 'E'

Cemetery that 'D' this and

'E' was the of

(14 on fig. an area Shunet eight marked 2). but, at

Mace and Randall-Maclver 250 yards Garstang in north area, long, himself between

(1902,63) their

of about es-Zebib.

describes on the

Cemetery south

as "a strip Great (Garstang (Ibid.,

or ten off

acres

bounded

by [the

Wadi], 1901, p1.2)

on the also

by the

Shuna,

and so westward" plan of the site

Garstang

published

a useful point out

as Kemp and Merrillees least some of the

(Kemp and Merrillees on this plan is

1980,287) wrong.

information

provided

Mace and Randall-Maclver's its excavators of the as being 500 yards Ibid. during Boundary in

Cemetery the furthest it

'D'

(11 on fig. half away edge of the

2) is from the

described the

by

Shunet (Mace extent (Ibid. , for a

ez-Zebib

between , this the Stela

and the edge being

cemetery

and Randall-Maclver of the North Cemetery the

most westerly Period on fact fig. that 2

Dynastic/post-Dynastic of Neferhotep to (10 the

and marked with this single Mariette mistaken Cemetery, the

not

monument see below, tomb in "Cemetery

p. 91).

They refer intact area.

D" was found worked in the

(Ibid., Although to this in

65) and note they part this is may have of the

that been North ("7" 12 on on

and Amelineau in assigning

any of Mariette's himself records that 1899);

work

Amelineau

he worked this region

area

frontispiece-map 2.

of Amelineau

labelled

figure

Between 'E',

Mace/Randall-Maclver's ridge of the Great

Cemetery Wadi,

'D'

and

Garstang's areas

Cemetery which were

and the

were a few small

21
'C' 'X' (Peet 61), these

explored xiv), Peet's all in

by Peet.

These consist 'B' (Ibid., (Ibid. 73).

of ,

Peet's Peet's

Cemetery Cemetery

1914, and are

Peet's

Cemetery 'F'

(Ibid., of

Cemetery the area

The probable 2.

positions

labelled

13 on figure

West of further situated ez-Zebib Middle out

the

Shunet

ez-Zebib

and the

Middle (Ibid.,

Fort, xiv, corner

Peet

carried

out is Shunet of the

soundings. to the

Peet's local west

Cemetery of the

'A'

54,70-72) of the west he

north-west 'G' located

and close Fort" (Ibid., at et

to Peet's xiv, "the al 54).

Cemetery Currelly

"directly that and Fort, dug termed region by ''' is

also

mentions north

carried from

excavations (Ayrton

Shuneh,

and the In fact,

cemetery from

west

there" worked

1904,7). an area

the Middle been is

Currelly previous Currelly's marked 18

westwards,

over in

which

had either and which

by

excavators Cemetery on figure

or robbed 'IV' (Ayrton

antiquity, 1904,8,

et al

pl. VIII).

This

2, and also completion and in

seems to have been excavated of others a part of his work of the in Cemeteries later

Randall-MacIver , "opened to of a the Mr.

who, on the few pit-toLbs

'f and close the

the

Dynasties to

Shunet-ez-Zebib, Mace's work"

ground

slightly 1902,55).

North

(Mace and Randall-MacIver

Currelly Cemetery 'm' -

also 'w' -

dug within 16 on figure 2,

the

walls

of

the

Shunet Fort,

ez-Zebib, Currelly's

Currelly's Cemetery

2, and the Middle et al 1904,

17 on figure

(Ayrton

pl. VIII).

Further 1914, fig. xiv,

to

the

north labelled

are

Peet's

Cemeteries

'K',

'L', Cemetery of

and

'N' 'M' Der

(Peet (24 on

54),

22 on figure to the not [magnetic] far from

2. Peet's north

2) was immediately xiv, 54), probably

Coptic

(Peet in a

1914,

Amelineau's

excavations

22

region

which

he

called

"es-Zein"

(23

on

fig.

2),

not

far

to

the

north-east

of Coptic

Der (Amelineau

1899,24

& 32-33).

FOR THE ABYDOS CEMETERIES 1.4 TOPONYMS The main toponym (Gauthier name of 1925,3; the Thinite used Montet to designate 1961,102), the town in of the Abydos New was 3bdw the site term

although

Kingdom the a

nome, T3-wr, T3 Dsr (Montet referred (Gauthier to

was used 1961,106)

synonymously seems to have

for been

(Kemp 1975,39). which to all S(my)t p1.23) originally cemeteries nt

the Abydos cemetery 1928,40). stela of

and was later was also Sent; s Budge

applied termed, 1912,

The necropolis Intef, goddess the west son of Ji3pt-nb. of

3bdw (e. g. on the personified the cliffs

and later

as the to

(Jacquet-Gordon cemeteries are

1967,64-65), identified

while as jaw $r

the

by Mariette

(1869,44,35).

For more narrowly-defined especially chief a brief derived the cemeteries of evidence of of in

toponyms which the

for

different particularly erected

areas

at Abydos, concerned, This section can

and the is be

we are stelae

sources

are

there. toponyms

conspectus from stelae

information the Middle

regarding Kingdom.

which

At first referring problem between in

sight

these

stelae places

seem to in the

provide

a good

number but

of a

names major

to particular dealing and with

Abydos cemeteries, is the

these

place-names created be to

differentiation A a number mythological of the of

genuine

artificially which seem to applied

toponyms. from

place-names landscape regions

are cited

derived the actual

and subsequently where these

topography

myths were acted

out

during

religious

festivals

23

such seem to be the (Anthes usage is often

place

names referred cited).

to on the these is

stela

of Ikhernofret general which and

1974 and references uncertain; in

Whether was Osiris

names were in a toponym at which

one which with in

probably the

Pcr,

occurs

connection to an area but

mysteries in

Abydos the

seems to refer Osiris of Pkr in

the Abydos this

cemeteries area series R-Pkr, of Peker" (1925,153), the as

tomb of whole around and,

was situated, area? ) is H_rp Pkr, -

how limited

was (Umm el-Qa'ab, of names "Mouth based of Peker",

cemetery evolved the early (Ibid., to at

uncertain. "Estate W-Pkr,

A whole of Peker", "Region Gauthier

New Kingdom, 102),

(Montet believed

1961,105). that Pkr

Montet referred since

following

the Umm el-Qa'ab the reign then

which

contained III,

tomb of Djer the Tomb of of

regarded, Osiris. as the being Period cultivated the of the Umm the Tomb

least

of Amenhotep the

Probably site the for "Osiris

even before this tomb, bed",

Umm el-Qa'ab piece the

had been thought of evidence for

the most striking by Leahy also it to

this

dated

Second that

Intermediate

(Leahy plain

1977). near the

Montet

(Ibid.

suggests has also

W-Pkr was a with north of

tomb (although 1984), and that a road that R-Pkr

been identified to the south

el-Qa'ab

Leahy -

r -Pkr

was an area

Tomb of Osiris, and contained

was situated the tomb.

to the

leading

to

Another to refer

major to of

series various these is

of

toponyms

found

on Middle North usually (Simpson staircase,

Kingdom Cemetery.

stelae The as The

seem most the usual to

areas rwdw of the n

within ntr Great

the '3, God"

well-known "Terrace" determinative invoke up to

translated 1974).

"Staircase or of the of the

word rwdw, chapels,

a single

may be intended terrace, rising

a series slope of

small North

each on a flattened

Cemetery. that this Terrace/Staircase was

Simpson

(1974,10)

seems to believe

24

probably immediately suggests "district offerings"; reflections However, being

particularly to the that

thought [local]

of as the of the

slope Osiris

up

the

North

Cemetery He also hmhmt, provides are 13). m'b't

west

Temple Enclosure. (w'rt '3t which offerings") (Ibid., to his

other

named w'rt

different ddt "district or topographic (Peet

districts btpt, "district which has

of great w'rt

renown; nbt

df3w,

of chronological the stela

distinction refers

of Sebek-khu which also

1914;.z 5) therefore it is

on this 'E' w'rt

"Terrace", - this nbt 'nb. stela

would that

include in the w'rt the

Garstang's nbt site Lange the the btpt of a and

Cemetery and the single Schaefer of

states

The use of (cf. also

toponyms the stela

to describe of

offering-chapel 1902,180, God",

S'ankh-Ptah, m'b't "at

C. C. G. 20153, "at the that district these

which of terms for

has its nbt t t",

Terrace district as in

the Great f3w") but (or,

"at and real area

of nbt toponyms, general perceived the

suggests are merely perhaps,

are without the cemetery

validity at Abydos

metaphors the North or to than to

just function, rather

Cemetery) the

and relate of the

more to erector

their of

religious

expections

offering-chapel

genuine

place-names.

25

CHAPTER 2

SOURCESOF EVIDENCE FOR THE GARSTANG/ABYDOS EXCAVATIONS

2.1 DOCUMENTATION

Although excavations Abydos" manuscript the

Garstang would (Garstang of this of the

advertised be published 1913,107) work (if it

that by no ever

the

results as

of

his

1906-1909 Tombs of the in

Constable such existed)

"Thousand ever

volume

appeared; either literary bearing

has not nor with having in The

survived Garstang's any the

archives

S. A. O. S. at Liverpool, comm. ). pers. have

executor

(O. R. Gurney,

No records remained

on of the

the Garstang/Abydos Garstang's sources author family

excavations (M. Fleming, evidence as full

possession are

pers. comm. ). which

following by the

of documentary in trying to

have been utilised as is of

present of the given

give

an account account

now possible sources is

Garstang/Abydos

excavations

(a brief

these

in Kemp and Merrillees

1980,107-108).

2.1.1

THE PLAN OF THE SITE two other great cemetery a plan sites showing (Beni the Hassan and Esna) position features published in of the Garstang the tombs

For his

was careful excavated The plan

to draw up and their of the Beni

relationship Hassan

to permanent cemetery was

vicinity. with the

along

26
of Garstang's area explored (Garstang II, individual

account of the

excavations is given in

there plate of

1907'1. while a

sketch-map of the

plan is

excavated as plate published end papers; No trace

cemetery III); for

and the

positions

graves time.,

reproduced was later map on

Esna a plan of

was made at the those excavations

which

in Downes account see also of

(Downes 1974,

Kemp 1978,167). of the position of the tombs excavated at

such a map/plan For the

Abydos now exists. rely try on other to fit

location evidence of the (see

of Garstang's regarding Abydos the

work there excavations made

one has to and by then other

documentary on to

these

plans

cemeteries 3).

archaeological

expeditions

below,

Chapter

2.1.2 THE TOMB-CARDS

The second major of piece of documentation would be the to go cards needed for tomb-cards. by, were and a If as complete account

the Abydos excavations

the Esna and Beni Garstang by himself and with

Hassan excavations states would a list This would (Garstang

are anything 1913,107), of notes

these

compiled

Jones, together

have consisted of its contents central the

on the

nature

of each tomb, of the for for

and small piece of

drawings documentation

recovered the any as -

objects. and of core the upon

was the

excavation account the her

have formed

natural

starting-point

Abydos excavations. which she built her

Downes used the Esna tomb-cards account is notes of those excavations of Jones' location

inventory together of the

(Downes 1974,116-132) with supplementary objects. the plan of

a reproduction on the present

tomb-cards of a proportion

recorded Unlike definitely Abydos,

the In his that

site,

we

do of

know the

that

these

tomb-cards graves' from graves

existed. Emery notes

discussion

'Nubian for one of

he used the

tomb-card

the

27

(524 A'08) although him at available

in the

order card for

to obtain the other

a list grave

of

its

contents

(Emery

1923,34), to was

(694 A'08)

was not the

available tomb-cards

the

time to the

(Ibid., present

33).

Unfortunately as they

none of have

author

completely

disappeared

(Kemp and Merrillees

1980,108).

2.1.3

THE FIELD NOTEBOOKS real written is the record found in of the excavation of Garstang's as it field proceeded notebooks for on a

The only day-to-day

basis in

those

which

have survived and its (Garstang for

archives

of the

S. A. O. S. The entries as the excavation set

each tomb proceeded

contents

were made by These are 34 A'06), site

Garstang

1913,107). to

by no means a complete second part of 1907

- only

those

1906 (1 A'06 at

the

after

Garstang A'09 a list that to of were a list of few the in

had arrived 1130 A'09) workmen with found of

the

(300 A'07

to 436 A'07), for dug

and 1909 (730 contains objects

have survived. notes on the

The notebook tombs for they

1906 also and of the

by them (presumably taken during for the

the the

assessment

bakshish),

and

photographs

1907 season. is

The present not known, of

whereabouts although graves are a in

Garstang's torn

notebook

the

1908 season of a

pages noting A'08 series

contents

small - these of

number entries

600-699

has been located the work

written

German and are containing and provides The notebook near-illegible excavation record of a list

presumably of the

Schliephack. during from

Another 1908 is still

notebook extant tombs. often as the full and, are in

photographs

taken

some information entries are

on objects written to in

various in their

numbered Garstang's usefulness is a fairly

pencil in

hand and tend proceeded. objects little from plans In the

deteriorate notebook

1906

there of

tombs as they of some of

came out the tombs.

the

ground

some cases,

By 1909 there

often

28
little brief, of

more than

very

not

to

say

non-existant, and nothing object. graves and notes a list has of else,

entries

where a of

page after

page consists

tomb-numbers of the

or perhaps amount be

one or two word description information to the reader provided

occasional

The will the the

by Garstang the

on individual tomb-register other than

apparent amount of from from

who examines detail given

supplementary that the particular photographs

there,

objects gleaned

tomb and any information or other sources.

which

been

2.1.4

THE MONTHLY REPORTS

source level letters reports is of evidence for by the the the cover what Garstang monthly was doing at Abydos he on a as

The best general circular these

provided

reports

which

sent

to members of have survived - these in

Abydos Excavation Danson the archive of

Committee. at the

Some of National February,

Museums on Merseyside and March-April been reproduced season season

months

January, 1909. for this

1907 and January, below as Appendix this is

February, 1. None of

and March the reports

These the is

have 1908 the two

has survived; for which in the

particularly is

regrettable also missing.

as

field-notebook written cover and

However, the

postcards of half

a series

by Garstang the do period provide

to Danson during of approximately some idea of

progress first

the Abydos of the at

excavations 1908 that season time.

the

Garstang's

activities

large

proportion

of

these

reports

often dug among of

consists a his well

of in

non-archaeological January 1907,

information, or a report 1909. on

such as how the Typhus of figure

Garstang

epidemic the type

native he the was most

workmen in finding,

February

Descriptions also

object in

or individual

pieces,

large,

couched

29
(designed, backers). and are

general reading

of for

terms his of

one

suspects, these

to

provide reports for

mouth-watering often the provide account of

However, the chief

information Garstang's

value

source

activities

at Abydos.

2.1.5
By far

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS

and away which the most important has left and us from useful the single piece of is

documentation the in

Garstang

Abydos which useful,

excavations is now relevant exponent field

803 plate-glass the

photographic many of was an

negative these early

archive are and a It not

housed or of which

S. A. O. S. (although Garstang

identifiable). archaeological other

enthusiastic lead is which in this

photography sought

and provided to emulate. in the

Egyptologists use of to

undoubtably is referred

Garstang's to by Peet for the

successful in his

photography the E. E. F.

field

report

committee

on his

own work at

Abydos

1909-1910

season: -

"A large number of successful were taken, and even photographs better but could have been obtained expense results and at less Some for the deplorable the photographic condition apparatus. of before department be necessary next slight expense in this will by in order to enable us to keep up to the set season standard in Egypt. " (Peet 1910). our competitors and fellow-excavators unPv+Is Garstang of conditions. successfully At Beni produced Hassan these negatives under in the most the trying tombs: -

they

were developed

one of

"An underground from by a sloping room, approached passage an boy, chamber, served as a dark-room, adjoining and there an Arab " Mahmoud abd el-Gelel. developed than a thousand negatives. more (Garstang 1907: 1,25). His photographs are have useful in a twofold to usefulness. locate of of the First, particular of his areas some of objects site in the are

photographs which

helping

he was working graves.

and the Secondly

circumstances his photographs

excavation excavated

individual

30
invaluable without of the in their identifying original

objects tomb-numbers. of the

which

are

now

widely the

scattered photographs for, to be

and are as the

That

many of is

better-looking

excavated point to the

objects out, these (and

fortunate

Kemp and Merrillees ones which afield) tended

(1980,108)

were likely thus dispersed

were distributed than the

backers

further which

rather to

more mundane material,

such as

pottery,

be retained

by Liverpool.

2.1.6

PUBLISHEDACCOUNTS THE EXCAVATIONS OF

published preliminary rule are: very little for on the Abydos excavations, worked. even in the

Garstang way of to this

reports

each of the

seasons

Exceptions

(i) for

A brief

note in the Egypt Exploration

Fund

Archaeological of the

Report 1907 352

1906-1909 in which Garstang mentions

his major finds the "Puntite

season, such as the Graeco-Roman stelae, A'07)

(ii)

Woman" (tomb

and the objects

A preliminary 1913).

from tomb 416 A'07 (Garstang

of the Minoan material

1907).
from tomb 416 A'07

discussion

(Garstang (iii) during the

A general the

description

of

the

main areas This

worked short of

and objects article one of

found

1909 season

(Garstang

1909). by the

represents the seasons

best

published

documentation

excavator

worked Also the

at Abydos. into this category of documentation from the falls Emery's (Emery publication 1923). of

two major

'Nubian'

graves

1908 season

2.1.7

THE HAROLD JONES CORRESPONDENCE Library by Harold covers of Wales at Aberystwyth Jones the from Egypt from has in family its in holdings Wales. to work the This for

The National letters sent

to his arrival

correspondence

period

his

in Egypt

31
by in

Garstang which the

at Beni

Hassan at

the

beginning in order

of

1905,

until for

May

1907, Davis information for

time

he had left of the Kings.

Garstang Some of

to work

Theodore useful excavated

Valley the

the

letters which

include Jones

about with

1906 and 1907 seasons, at Abydos.

during

and

Garstang

2.1.8

FIELD NOTES MISCELLANEOUS

the pieces S. A. O. S., of these consist sheets occurrence cardboard of: with in with illustrations the of various in 1908.

Housed in (i) Five

cardboard of pieces their of

pot-types (ii) for (iii) from (iv) from Nine the

and notes similar

tombs excavated and

pot-types

occurrences

1909 season. sheet in bearing 1909. with a list of various in the objects, first part noting of the the tomb 1909 the measurements of a number of skulls

A cardboard

tombs excavated A cardboard which they

sheet

came, mostly

excavated

season. (v) A'09, A cardboard with sheet bearing a sketch-plan various entry of points for this the tomb-complex in the 941-949

measurements with the

between

construction

(reproduced

tomb-register

group).

2.1.9

OTHER PUBLISHED AND UNPUBLISHED SOURCES short accounts or in the popular exhibitions journals, press of and 1979 for from the written the at finds, the time short of Radwan

These include: of the

excavations in various of

subsequent archaeological

reports specific 1983 for excavation. warrant

publications mirrors,

classes metal

artefact which too

(e. g. Lilyquist include material and they

vessels)

Garstang/Abydos to relevant

These are

numerous here, but

generally are referred

insubstantial to at

a full

bibliography

32
in

points obtained listed

in

the via

text

and

the

tomb-register. Abydos name of the

Documentary Excavation person

material, is

members of below

Garstang's under the

Committee, concerned.

separately

2.2 THE EXCAVATED OBJECTS

The examples archaeological most massive most expedient recorded interpretation But the

of material fieldwork, of masonry results are, of the

culture be they structures, of excavation

excavated the minutest at

from of

properly small most finds

controlled or the yet

are

once the

tangible

or surface at least,

survey.

Once completely to an

they

theoretically site under

inessential

examination. important This where of the is the site) when thorough the record case (the

objects of

themselves past fieldwork

become crucially is missing.

documentation with the

certainly main has as had or

Garstang/Abydos together with

excavations a to plan

tomb-cards, disappeared. original tracing which having at

completely possible to rather rely the on those by

In an attempt the

reconstruct author the

as closely has largely excavations,

tomb-groups, the objects

present from

recovered

can be confidently the excavator's year

assigned number still or by

to a definite, them (i. e. on being is identified

numbered

tomb-group

"350 A'07" from fact in way

= Tomb 350 Garstang's that the

Abydos,

1907) this

photographs. material but

However,

problem

compounded by the all been preserved due to the

excavated

by Garstang a variety of

has not fates,

one place, that the

has suffered

largely

Abydos excavations

were organised

and funded.

33
2.2.1 THE DISPERSAL OF THE MATERIAL major post-excavation The ceramic 'pot-yard' he felt it loss sheer material in the of information of see of and objects excavated pl. Abydos 1, for took by the

The first place at

Abydos itself. (especially of the

amount courtyard

material below, the

Garstang photograph house) of

expedition and expense

meant that

necessary which or

to save the were already one surplus a

trouble well

packing

and sending excavated interest at

objects material

represented be of less have not

among the aesthetic

might, This

suspects, material practice Griffith

to his Abydos

backers. in several

seems to which & in is

been re-buried without 1895,66). the

caches,

precedent One of

in Egyptian these caches

archaeology of pottery

(see

Newberry 1967 by

was re-discovered building (Kemp

Pennsylvania-Yale on the

expedition site

to Abydos while old house

an expedition and Merrillees B. J. Kemp,

headquarters 1980,108). while

of Garstang's of these

A proportion

vessels the

were drawn

by Mr

he was working

at Abydos with the

Pennsylvania-Yale writer original to base drawings. a

expedition, number It of

and he has kindly illustrations likely time to that time pers. in other

allowed the

present

tomb register of similar

on his objects

seems from tourists 1907 the

caches

have been to

discovered passing for of

by local comm. ). that

people

and sold

piecemeal report the

(Kemp, strongly

Garstang's

monthly

January some of

suggests stelae are

he was considering during that

re-burial

Greek/Coptic "There

found

season: -

in 200 of these all more than stelae, which contain necessarily a large number of duplicates and relatively As more than 150 will fall I to our lot, poor specimens. probably the should be very glad of advice as to requirements of our in this regard. The cost of heavy transport committee this of if I would be considerable material them all. we transported should propose to bring a selection of about 100 or 80 - but what " to do with the rest! As

this

quotation

implies,

one

of

Garstang's

major

aims

when

34

excavating was working

was to for

satisfy

a sponsoring Research by private This

committee. Account, enterprise had been the all

Except of in his the

for

when excavations form of

he

the Egyptian supported

were financially committee 1898

a as the

of wealthy as a

sponsors. precocious Fund",

case even as early he had organised individuals

when,

undergraduate, a group of eight

"Ribchester (including provided 1899,1). formed, 1909, at that

Excavation five the

prosperous

Members of Parliament, necessary as for the his

two of whom were baronets) diggings at that site

which

finance

(Garstang was to

A body which

known

"Abydos

Excavations the site

Committee" from 1907

was to finance

Garstang's of

work at 1906 being the Report for

the

small-scale

explorations

funded of

as a subsidiary this 13; 'Second for the

year's First

main work at Esna (for season see Annual 1905-6,4; Report

committee 1905-6,8 the for

Esna/

Abydos'

&

1907 season Report Anual

see Annual

Report

1908 season the

see Annual see the

1906-7,4 Report of

and Annual

1907-8,37; Report had

1909 season Many with for of

1907-8,4 the which

and Annual committee the such

1908-9,33). been involved backing "Beni

members committees previous Committee"

Abydos

similar Garstang's

had provided in Egypt,

necessary as the

fieldwork and the

Hassan the latter

Excavations of which Like of a

"Edfu

Excavavations excavations at

Committee" Esna and

had financed these, private the

Garstang's

Hierakonpolis. on the of a of lines

the Abydos Excavations company - in return for

Committee a capital a given

was organised investment proportion

certain the

sum objects

shareholders in the

would course the

receive

excavated This is

of each season. causes after what of the each the difficulty had in been might private tracing divided, do with material there his

one of

basic for, on

excavated

by Garstang

objects

were no restrictions dividend. Most of the

shareholder wealthy

shareholders

were

individuals;

35

unhappily, collection the material away,

the most common occurrence to be sold through in part on his the death,

has ensuring

been

for

an

individual's dispersal might death. Archaeology all or seem Rankin, of from the the of be A

a widespread a collection

saleroom. or (patrons

Sometimes bequeathed of the

given

or entirety, Committee University of objects

on the Institute

owners of

few members of the and of the part of infant

of Liverpool) to the

seem to have donated These benefactors Johnston, not Mond, members shares (Annual Garstang, an, these by the

their

share

Institute. Danson, (who

to have included and Smith. Committee 1905-1906 1905-6,13), to the objects Except at that

Brocklebank, for time) "at in the the

Brunner,

Mond and Smith these

were put

benefactors of Report the for

their

season while

disposal Annual

Institute" 1907-8, that

Report referring

from

the

1908 season,

recorded

"Important from series of objects educational been secured for the purposes of the Institute benefactors" of certain The "benefactors" included Johnston is

tombs have generosity

for (see a list

this below of with, any

season s. v. .

are

definitely

known

to

have

What follows Excavations present Subscribers they

individuals as far Abydos

who were members of as has been possible objects acquired are in also to

the

"Abydos the way. as 1906) to of

Committee" location of

trace, this listed,

to Garstang's

second

season from

at Esna the first

seem to have been sent at Abydos as well at the

objects

short is also the

(April referred origins

diggings the

as from Esna. end of this identified.

The reader

'Concordance' in various

thesis,

where

material

museums are

36

2.2.2

THE ABYDOS EXCAVATIONS COMMITTEE

Lady Amherst the antiquities

of Hackney acquired

subscribed by her

for

the

second absorbed

Esna season. into her

Most father's June

of

were at

collection Some of York this

(WWW, 7) which material is

was sold now in

Sotheby's

on 13th-17th Museum of

1921. New

the Metropolitan

Art,

(see

'Concordance').

Ralph the

Brocklebank majority His

subscribed of objects collection

for

every fell at

Abydos to his Christie's

season. lot in

It

is

likely to the Abydos:

that the sale a

vast

which

were donated 1922, but

Institute. catalogue "quantity" in arragonite (Lot stone 99),

was sold 1922,11) beads (Lots chiefly

(Brocklebank of various

mentions

few objects "nineteen at

from small

94 and 95), from

vessels, 1909" grey A

and granite, kohl from vases,

excavations with at to lids,

Abydos in and two (Lot Stone. in

"four

in arragonite, excavations sold

- mostly

Garstang's

Abydos" the dealer

100).

marked catalogue

refers

to them being

Rt. Hon. except the

Sir for

John Brunner 1909. which as a letter

Bart.

M. P. subscribed whereabouts his lot of were his

for

every

Abydos is donated

season, unknown; to the Felix

The present fell in to the

collection

objects

probably from not his

Institute Brunner

S. A. O. S. archives that he did by his

only

son

(dated

29/6/70)

suggests

know of any collection

of Egyptian

antiquities

accumulated

father.

Jean Capart

subscribed at

for

the

1908 and 1909 seasons Their collection

on behalf

of have

the been

Musee Cinquantenaire preserved in toto.

Brussels.

seems to

37

Sir

Francis

Chatillon ultimately 1978,85) On the

Danson subscribed contained and death of was the

for

every from

Abydos the his the

season.

His sale Col. was

collection (Warhurst J. R. Danson. bequeathed family

objects passed latter on in

MacGregor son, Lieut.

to 1976

collection 1978). is

to the Merseyside was also

County

Museum (Warhurst, to Merseyside The documents sent and

The Danson now in the

archive

bequeathed (Read 1980). progress as well sent

Department copies of

of Archives the monthly Committee, friend, stelae

include to

the

surviving Abydos

reports

by Garstang postcards

the

Excavations as a personal

as a number of

which

Garstang, number although

to Danson.

Danson also

gave a certain in 1908

of Graeco-Roman these are

from Abydos

to Sedbergh

School

now missing.

Theodore season.

M. Davis His private but

subscribed collection

to

the is in

second

Esna season

and for

the

1907 York list of

the. Metropolitan hisshare to him these is from in

Museum, New Abydos. the A

(WWW, 79), of the

he may not which it

have received be sent only

objects but

were to

records

S. A. O. S., by him -a which list is

seems that (presumably in the

a few of

were actually dated larger of only him.

received 1907) on the

letter also

from

Garstang that

and the

August objects

S. A. O. S. suggests to the

were presented the 'ankh-

by Davis stela',

Institute while to

Archaeology a No for "small

(these box of

include selected objects writer

Liv. E. 30)

antiquities" in the Davis Lilyquist.

may have been sent collection

Garstang/Abydos the present

have been identified

by Dr.

Dr.

H. O. Forbes Public

subscribed

to

the

second

Esna season in this are

on behalf

of

the were

Liverpool not

Museum - those the

objects

collection now in

which the

destroyed

during

Second World

War

National

38
Museums on Merseyside.

William but

Grisewood as auditor at least

did

not to

actually

subscribe

to

the

Abydos a number th ere

excavations of way Abydos to the

acted

the

Committee.

He received found

objects, National

some of which

eventually

Museums on Merseyside.

Jesse

Haworth

subscribed with

to

second

Esna season.

Abydos

objects

received

by him along

Esna material

were donated

to Manchester

Museum.

William shipowner (Kelly material objects

Johnston

subscribed

for

every

season,

except of

for

1909.

He was a

of Bromborough,

Cheshire

and patron list of extant; inscribed of to his the lot

Liverpool

University share of the

1981,549). recovered on this are the

A distribution in list now in material 1908 (e. g. the is

Johnston's all the

still the

identifiable of is in Neb-sen, probable this way.

door-jambs S. A. O. S. It was donated

Liv. E. 40-42) that all of

collections fell

which

George Francis Garstang Exploration Pitt Rivers in for

Legge subscribed that season and,

for

the

1909

season. also to

He with the

worked the

with Egypt and

subsequently, his objects

Fund at Abydos. Museums, Oxford.

He donated

Ashmolean

W. H. Lever

M. P. subscribed Art Gallery, which still

to

the

1907 season. Sunlight. In

His

share went

was to

sent the wife

to 'Lady (Kemp

the Hulme Hall Lever Art

Port Lever it

1922 it

Gallery', Later

had founded went

in memory of his to Rawtenstall where, are at

1968,65). the 1950's

(1931)

on loan

Museum. In the time of

the material the bulk of it

was transfered still is,

to Bolton, there

writing,

although

a few (7)

objects

39 Museums on Merseyside.

in the National

Rev. William collection (MacGregor from and the their

MacGregor was sold 1922) at

subscribed Sotheby's a good deal which this

for in of fell

all June

the

Abydos

seasons. sale on

His

large

1922.

The

catalogue objects objects to in, the whose trustees to other in below). and and

gives

useful to his

information lot; individual referred

Abydos excavations citations Many in

catalogue went to Sir

are

tomb-register. collection in 1964.

objects

Henry

Wellcome, by his went

was presented From there

to University from material

College,

London, bequest way to

objects

the Wellcome found its (see -a

museums - Garstang/Abydos Swansea, MacGregor resident Allsopp Durham, also

collections

Birmingham, objects A few are

and Cambridge on to Allsopp Abydos objects

'Concordance', fellow collector

passed

of Tamworth. collections

from

the

MacGregor

now in Tamworth

Castle

Museum.

Robert

Mond

subscribed objects

for

the

1909 of his

season. bequest objects to to

number the the British

of

his

Garstang/Abydos In his lifetime (Annual

were part

Museum. at

he donated Report

a number of 1913,10)'.

Institute

Liverpool

Frederick in March

George Hilton 1909)

Price

(and subsequently for the at seasons the His for

his

trustees and of

he 1909. the was

died Four second

subscribed objects are

1908 end

Garstang/Abydos volume of his in the

mentioned 1908).

very

collection 1911 (Price numbers to these of

(Price 1911). the

collection the they or Abydos

sold

at do are

Sotheby's not cite

The entries

objects but

tombs from "Abydos bear Hilton

which 1908", Price

derived, "Garstang which

content However,

to refer since

"Abydos", pieces

Abydos". run in a

numbers

40
immediately the that catalogue these follows of

series

which in doubt

those his

of

the

Garstang/Abydos (5024-5027)

objects there from is the also Price by his

published little

collection

objects

(5029-5065) objects but

ultimately in do the not were being sale carry

derive

Garstang/Abydos seem to catalogue trustees than sale lot are be from

excavations. the same

Other source,

catalogue Hilton

numbers, after 92, his a stela the

presumably death from Royal

because

they as

accessioned excavated bought

none is the

dated

earlier at this

1908 season. Museum.

Some objects

now in

Scottish

John Rankin His collection

subscribed

for

the

every

Abydos on,

season, in part

except at least,

for to to

1909. the

seems to have been passed although some

Liverpool Museum in

Institute, 1923.

objects

were

donated

Kendal

James H. Rea J. P. the material

subscribed

for

every

Abydos

season. present

No details writer.

about

received

by him are

known by the

Rt. Hon. Russell Abydos seasons.

Rea M. P., Many of widow in the stela

the his

brother

of J. H. Rea, subscribed were presented material 310 A'07 that brother, was which some to the

for

every British

antiquities Other

Museum by his earlier the (e. g.

1920.

disposed was of

of

even to Rea's

of Bmbw from 1912). It

presented Russell in

British

Museum in objects

seems

Egyptian the at

were passed son, of

on to his Rea,

J. H. Rea, and the

1938

former's the

younger

A. L.

deposited at

'Rea Loan Collection' In this whom 1951 this was have

Institute (although in the

Archaeology

Liverpool. from from

retrieved remained objects

some objects,

apparently to Spink, Scottish

collection,

S. A. O. S. ) and sold to the

Garstang/Abydos Nicholson

were distributed

Royal

Museum and the

41
Museum, Collection' identifiable bronze Scottish University is in Sydney. records from 'Rea

of the

A of

valuation the

of

part the

of only bowls"

the

S. A. O. S;

objects and the "6

as coming mirrors",

Abydos are statue

"10 earthenware

Egyptian

and the

of Amenysonb (now in

Royal

Museum).

James Smith belonging Meroe) his

subscribed

for

the from

1909 season. the Garstang

collection at at

of

objects and by in

to him (mainly in

excavations

Abydos Liverpool

was deposited This the

the

Institute

of Archaeology index, the

widow.

was accompanied exact provenance

by a card of

which objects.

is

useful

identifying

many of

2.2.3

Objects

in

Public

and Private

Collections

The largest accumulated S. A. O. S. ). much material illustrated

collection in the

of

objects

from

Abydos of

is

that

which (now

was the

Liverpool

Institute collection 1920's in

Archaeology has not survived which

Unfortunately, was dispersed by the following

even this in the

intact; is well

a process -

circular

letter:

Institute University 38-44 Bedford Street, Liverpool.

of Archaeology,

April
Dear Sir,

29th,

1920.

The Institute is about to dispose by sale of Archaeology duplicate from its number Egyptian of a certain objects of These consist Collections. from predynastic mainly of material Naqada and Hierakonpolis; XIIth dynasty from Beni Hasan; objects & XVIIIth from Abydos and later XIIth from Esna. It stuff occurs is a good one either to us that the opportunity for a large

42
fill gaps; or for a smaller these important periods. truly

to museum, anxious groups representing Yours very

museum

to

obtain

T. E. Peet Hon. Secretary.

Even more unfortunately, in the writer further that result with buried at this way has been located remain likely

no distribution and the exact

list

for

objects and by in may

dispersed of present and noted be the

quantity enquiry collections

recipients the Britain be

material to all afield least of regard

uncertain.

A circularised

(and many unlikely) some positive the negative

produced some of of

results. replies, part of

It

also

one suspects, curators material of

may local

a lack

knowledge

on the

museums might be

to non-indigenous their collections. the Institute

archaeological

which

away in

Museums to which which National Museum

did include

sell Bolton

Garstang/Abydos Museum and Art Art Gallery of

objects, Gallery;

and the

have now been located, Museum of of Classical Ireland,

Dublin;

Glasgow

and Museum; Ure and the

Archaeology,

University

Reading;

Metropolitan

Museum, New York.

A proportion Sensibly contents retained display exception up in enough, of

of

the the

excavated division

material seems to

was retained have more Nearly 150 or all

by Cairo less of are the

Museum. kept the

individual

tomb-groups

together. to over

objects on only turned although

by the Museum, amounting or in being the the stores scarab, of

pieces, (with

either the later

the

museum

possibly which

registered -

as J. E. 39770, see 512

the Northwick

Park Collection

A'08),

and

43
is of

access able to

to

this

material a good deal

necessarily information

limited, through of

the the the

present written

writer entries kept

was and

gain in

sketches from the

the

'Journal

d'Entree'.

A list among the

objects

by Cairo

1907 season

has survived

documentation

in Liverpool.

Through objects, the

the

good

offices some from

of

Harold

Jones

number

of

Egyptian by

including

the Abydos

excavations, to the in the

were presented Archaeological 1908, and

Liverpool

Institute

of Archaeology by Jones the

Carmarthen summer of (Eyre

Society. still 79). Jones his in

These were catalogued the collections of

are 1911, by by

Carmarthen antiquities

Museum which

Evans

A small himself

number of Egyptian were, after his

had been retained Museum

death,

presented

to Carmarthen

sister.

Some choice of in objects existence.

pieces

were retained

by the the of

excavator

himself.

number are the was with Redpath and

known to have come from The largest number Collection Board 1923.

collection these seems

of John Garstang to have been which

"Garstang purchased McGill

Archaeological by the "Joint in

of Egyptian

Antiquities"

of Theological collection of

Colleges, (now housed

affiliated in the

University"

This consists

Museum, McGill stone vessels,

University) and seems to but

114 objects,
.f

mainly

ceramic

be a mixed none is

group

of

objects as

from coming

Garstang's from on a the Four but

Egyptian particular contemporary pieces whether None of are

excavations,

identified particular accompanied

tomb (and hardly list said of objects

any from which

excavations) this "probably excavations material.

to have come from 1906-1909 or

Abydos

or

Abydos", is

this the

means the

'el-Arabah' are

unclear. or piece

object-descriptions enough to warrant an

sufficiently with

detailed any

distinctive

identification

44

illustrated reasons, check of it the the the

in

the

Abydos writer this

excavation was unable

photographs. to visit this might in Montreal prove the

For in

practical order to way

present in

objects further

collection; to that the the

a profitable future,

adding is

detail unlikely of

tomb-register

although would alter

extremely

any information present thesis.

thus

obtained

main conclusions objects

Other

from Garstang's by the is National now in

private

collection in

(mainly 1949,

scarabs) and also the came much

were obtained . -sword,

Museums on Merseyside a private collection but the in whole

which

Canada, question of

from

Garstang's was in

private fact

collection, accumulated

how

material despite

by Garstang present

remains writer.

somewhat

clouded,

a number of

enquiries

by the

It stolen

seems possible at the site refer

that in

some of Letters are the

the

objects preserved

excavated in the (sent of antiquities, one

at

Abydos of

were the to

1909. to this of

records by of and to have

S. A. O. S. which Garstang

a proces-verbal interrogation of stealing who

Maspero Garstang's a letter suffered

on 17/5/1910) four

workmen who accused from similar antiquities Garstang

others

to Peet while if

(dated working any,

27/5/1910),

seems the

problems stolen,

at Abydos with uncertain.

E. E. F. The number notes that,

of

is

Garstang

"The case broke down, owing fact in that full been bags to have what seems statement in the court two scarabs to reduced itself (Letter to Peet).

first from the antiquities of " seen. actually

As a caveat made copies are

to

this

chapter,

it

should

be noted

that

Garstang Examples and the of

often this

of exceptional

objects

excavated at

by him.

the Menes tablet,

excavated

Hierakonpolis,

'Hyksos

45

Sphinx' from easily might from

from

Abydos.

While originals, from

plaster-casts good their metal

are electro-type

readily copies In of in

distinguishable are not so one

bone or ivory differentiated note the the

prototypes. pieces

this

context

seemingly A'09

excessive for

number of which

gold the

jewellery S. A. O. S. (ex-Danson

941-949 via

group, and the

examples

exist

(obtained Collection).

Smith)

National

Museums on Merseyside

46

CHAPTER 3

GARSTANG'S ACTIVITIES

AT ABYDOS, 1906-1909

3.1 Garstang's

archaeological

activities

prior

to

1906

John Garstang educated at

was

born

in

1876

in

Blackburn, and at

Lancashire. Jesus College, in

He

was

Blackburn

Grammar School scholar.

Oxford, 1899 he at

where he was a mathematical became interested Roman sites Castle in

Before

graduating

archaeology, namely

and began research Ribchester (Garstang (Garstang an interest of the his Victoria

and excavation 1899y37,

in Britain,

Melandra and Brough

(Garstang 1906,16). and and 1906).

1901: 1),

Richborough retained an times

1900: 1), in the

(Anderson of Britain

He always contributed

archaeology county History in

account to

native

Prehistoric (Garstang

Anglo-Saxon

County

His when, (Bruton

first

visit

to Egypt 1899,

was in

the

winter away

following to at his Abydos

his work under were

graduation in the Egypt" aegis

in October 1906,25).

he was

"called

Garstang Research Arabah'

went

to excavate

of Petrie's under season the

Egyptian title 'El

Account. (Garstang site, in this

These excavations 1901: 2) the and

published only in there British one the in

although of digging

was spent

working

on the

experience to that, his

cemeteries 1906. It

of Abydos was crucial was also during

leading season

return like many

47

archaeologists Petrie's

who worked

in

Egypt

at

that

time,

he was This carried ethos

influenced is in clearly Britain

by

approach

to archaeological reports

fieldwork.

shown in Garstang's which was only written

on work previously his first

out

up after

season

in Egypt: -

"The object to should be to uncover only, of excavation and not for every stone had its disturb, by its is purpose, and it " in situ alone that such purpose can now be ascertained. position (Garstang 1901: 1,98)

"The providing for study, is still to be available of material... Excavation is to be regarded as the duty of the investigator. a Those its methods must be systematised. principles science, and in Egypt, Professor has pioneered Petrie cannot of research which be too soon adopted in our own country. The uncovering ruins of is foundations part a small or the disentangling of confused 1900: 1,112) labours. " (Garstang merely of the excavator's

Ultimately fetish the his Nile of

Garstang recording

was to

lapse

in

his but

devotion his

to

Petrie's activities demonstration

worthy in of

and publication, the next twelve

energetic

Valley

over talents:

years

were ample

a particular

"He was above all a pioneer with the good site, and an organiser 1956,6) finance. " (Fairman

an amazing a with

flair for positive

discovering for genius

In

the

season Account,

1900-1901 excavating

Garstang just In

worked to the the

once more north

for

the

Egyptian

Research Belt

of Abydos at Mahasna and winter sites (1901-1902), west at bank he of

Khallaf the at

(Garstang northward boundary By this

1903).

following at

continued the Nile

progress,

working

on the

the

of Upper/Middle time but Garstang was

Egypt,

excavating working a cartel

Reqaqna for of the five

(Carstang Egyptian wealthy (for and

1904). Research individuals;

was no longer supported by

Account,

MacGregor,

Brocklebank, Evans.

Kennard, The volume in

Hilton-Price, which this

the Ashmolean

Museum) Arthur

48

season's

work was published

was dedicated

to Mr.

and Mrs. excavations

John

Rankin,

who were to be patrons

of Garstang's

subsequent

in Egypt.

Following embarked 1903-4) prove

the

success

of his

independent project; for at

work two Beni

at

Reqaqna,

-Garstang and to was him

upon a more ambitious he excavated in most the up to Evans the

seasons Hassan. and continue Abydos

(1902-3 This one to was which give

necropolis

one

of

his

successful patrons and (for

excavations who would the Ashmolean Grisewood, Museum), Hassan

supported financial Brocklebank, MacGregor, O'Hagan, publication dedicated of the

by many of backing Brunner, Hilton-Price, James of (for the

including the and

excavations; Johnston, as Lady The was

Museum), as and well

Rankin, the Fitzwilliam

Kennard. 1907: 1)

excavations

at Beni

(Garstang

to Mr.

and Mrs.

F. C. Danson,

who were also

important

patrons

Abydos

excavations.

In artist, 1986).

the

second E. Harold

season Jones

at

Beni

Hassan Garstang relating Jones

was assisted to Jones

by a see to

young Delaney Egypt

(for

material

Like

many of his poor

contemporaries, and while with

had first

gone

because in well

of his

health

convalescing for of

had become interested seasons seems and, to as have

archaeology. as carrying

He worked out

Garstang the work

several recording,

most of actual

supervised

much of

the

excavating.

In

the

season but

1904-5 also In

Garstang

and

Jones 1905), out

worked

mainly el-Kilh,

at

Hierakonpolis, Edfu at

Nagada (Garstang at 1905-6 they carried

Messawiyeh, and During excavation

and Hissayeh. sites

surveys

excavations both at these Esna

the Nubian the

of Dakke, of

Kubban and Kostamneh. was the major

seasons

main centre

work

49
(Downes activities for the

1974). in the

The field

fullest during

contemporary these (Garstang 1906, years is

account a short However, to

of article

Garstang's written this by begun

"Annales

du Service" October permission

1907: 2).

although that

was written then to

by him in

he neglected

mention

he had obtained there.

to work at Abydos and had already

excavate

On February committee and is Studies expedition remarks a view that that to of

8th, patrons the

1906, from

Garstang his of

sent

monthly report

report has and

to

his

camp at Esna. the School

This

survived Oriental his also with of Edfu,

now in

archives In it

of Archaeology his digging

at Liverpool. to Nubia,

Garstang work out

mentions at to

at Esna, but he

and Jones' to set

Hierakonpolis, examine in mind I

he was about a suitable sites

a number of the were held March

sites half

finding The

spot he

to excavate had in

second el-Kab, a 1906 advice

season.

which Nagada,

el-Bersheh, seven wrote applied be able years from for

el-Amarna, ago, not

and Abydos out". "at but In

"where early M.

concession Garstang I we have shall

then

worked that

Koshtamneh, a concession there

saying

Maspero's

at Abydos, season"

I don't

know whether March

to work

this

(Postcard

to Danson,

1906).

50

3.2 The Excavations

of

1906

On the letter dig

12th saying

March

1906,

Jones

wrote

to his

family;

"I

have just will

had want By

a to the the

we have the Abydos concession Garstang (April lost 1906) at Esna, no time he while had

so Garstang

there

soon". month

in moving left

on to Abydos. to

following winding-up at Abydos.

Jones start that:

complete

operations At the

he went to reported

preliminary

work

end of March Garstang

for has granted Egyptian a my application government believe I the Abydos; which remains to excavate at concession in the country, best among the best sites and has been available I (I am told) desired by other start expeditions. very much in to for Balliana a put town for Abydos, the postal tomorrow to before bringing a season there if possible our month's work " (Postcard to Danson, 24/3/1906). close. "The

Jones' already work" for

letter left for

home of Abydos.

2/4/06

refers

to the carried

fact out

that

Garstang

had

Here Garstang

"a month's His spent field

tentative notebook a

( Letter this season

by Garstang emphasises

to "The Times" the relatively

7/7/1906). short time

at Abydos; the

mere 34 tombs were cleared. at Esna, April as is made clear in

Jones, the

meanwhile, following

was continuing from a letter

work dated

extract

17th

1906:

for here "Weigall, two Antiquities the Inspector-General was of days a short time ago he came to of our make a division Garstang being in Abydos I had to do the honours" antiquities. That is In Garstang intended in Jones' about Abydos Esna. Abydos it is

to next

spend several letter for

seasons

excavating again built at

at from at Abydos

made clear it he writes "as

home (of a house for

21/4/06), to be

his

plan

because necessary

the

chances

are

of our house".

digging

3 years

to make a decent

51

The concession within a radius

granted of half 1980,105) all of the

to Garstang a kilometre - these North

was "in around

the the

necropolis

of

Abydos (Kemp 3 and 4,

Shunet

el-Zebib"

and Merrillees which encloses

limits

are marked

on figures of the

Cemetery

and a portion

Middle

Cemetery. at Abydos which

As has already in he 1900 on the called

been noted, southern

Garstang of The

had previously the North

excavated in an of the him which of (1901; 2

fringe 'E "'.

Cemetery and quality

area

"Cemetery then, Eighteenth site. at of this It

variety the may well that

material Middle back

he had excavated Kingdom to early

especially Dynasty, seems likely was an

tomb-groups

of

have attracted the place at portion

to this

productive his activities The plan

he renewed Cemetery p1.2),

Abydos cemetery

unexcavated by

'E'.

published Great for that

Garstang is

shows an area excavated

on the here".

edge of

the

Wadi which the the first first "el-Arabah" 6 A'06

"not marked the

completely

The entries indicate

few tombs in 1906

1906 excavation were in markings, immediately found this in

notebook area, while

also the hand,

soundings has pencil 7 can on A'06 be the

S. A. O. S. copy of which locate

Garstang's to the west A. 30, the

tombs

and

of E. 39. which

Further

corroborative group plate 18 A'06 6). some

evidence situated

in Negative edge of

shows the (see

southern

North for of this

Cemetery 1906 also these

The field regarding individual the notebook

notebook the location

provides which

useful

information in placing in the his area were the

tombs,

has been used 3. The details

tombs from

season are given

on figure in that the

provided of

by Garstang It in is

"Location" did

sections not

tomb-register. activities of Cemetery both west to the of it.

noticable

Garstang or in afield while close -

confine to, the

1906 merely but of

to within,

proximity 15 A'06 34 A'06

'E', east

dug much further the Shunet ez-Zebib,

and 20 A'06 was found to

52
3.3 The Excavations

of

1907

During his of being

1907 Garstang's appointed

position

at

Liverpool of

had been consolidated the Methods his retirement and and Practice in

by

John Rankin which

Professor until

Archaeology, during Asia that

a chair year

he held

1941.

Also across his

he made "a 1956)

journey which ). at he led

of

survey

exploration widening outset to of the be a 1907 due

Minor"

(Fairman interests"

to "an eventual from were the

archaeological at

(Ibid. indeed, which This

Almost Meroe)

excavations stop-gaps permit season to the

Abydos

(and,

intended in

due to

difficulties in Anatolia. concession

experienced true

obtaining of the 1906,

to excavate as his

was certainly

Turkish

had been cancelled The circular 1907 ends with site Garstang was of the the in

in June report the "great Syria" at of which his was

worsening

political

situation.

to the news" had this

Abydos that been site, in come the his

Excavations Garstang's finally Sakje interest to full

Committee application

of February for of "a Hittite 7/3/07). This

North excavated start

granted Geuzi, from fruition his of in

(Report

1908 and 1911. to other the of

shift to in and

Egypt

areas First the

Near East his in

after

World British in

War with School

excavations Jerusalem,

Levant, founding

Directorship the British

School

Ankara.

On 1st " copying that work

December tombs in

1906 Jones the Valley for of

wrote the

home Kings in for the

from

Luxor,

where Davies,

he

was

Theodore middle of

stating "to start wrote

he planned before

to

leave

Abydos

December

Garstang

comes out".

One month later

(2/1/07)

Jones

to his

parents: and George building and excavating days Garstang expecting and his 10 been coming out. We have here

"Here I am busy with Trefusis and in the next four or five brother is who I understand

53

days... "George" study the

" is the artist of Walter the S. George, New Kingdom during full-time Hon. R. H. the who had come temples and to seems he later that Abydos to to have worked year,

architecture assisted

occasionally with apart

Garstang

1907 season; at

him at Meroe. from Jones,

The other was the

assistant

Abydos

Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis

(Kemp and Merrillees

1980,105

n. 276).

By the had arrived Toulouse. excavation:

time

Jones

wrote

home again his

on 11th new wife, Jones

of January, Marie had

1907

Garstang Berges of of

at Abydos,

bringing

Louise begun the

A few days previous

to this,

work

finding "I started digging few days ago with 80 men and started a been as busy I have day and ever as the first things since finish helping to the work, Garstang and the others at possible the house" The house which Exploration Jones mentions, House" "Beit and el-Sahara" on the is site located (later of the the Egypt present 1, as

Fund "Northern excavation dig house,

Pennsylvania/Yale is Petrie's old

headquarters), which

on figure Garstang's

was used to quarter

native

workforce. More details letter following work which the site, written on the by start to from of excavation Garstang that letter on at Abydos the gives before which 2nd a is of good provided January. idea of in a The the at in

Jones extract

lengthy Jones as well out this

had initiated as some of work:

at-Abydos the problems

Garstang's were

arrival encountered

carrying

"We started work on January Ist with 75 men all told and cleaned North Shuneh the of up the wall of the fortress you mentioned finding it return near the Coptic Cemetery with panelled walls I began to be able to throw back the redeem on finished ground large brick working nearer the Coptic Cemetery finding several I At tombs this Copts from the covered point which up.

54

began to get hostile fearing I was going to villages neighbouring This morning we went on, having apparently dig up their cemetery. to dig their assured the Copts of our being undesirous cemetery Copts from this morning numbers of when early all around I took the men from our house..... to attack threatened the men from that part North of the Shuneh to dig up the banks of away We can't I the the wady near the house..... neglect spot where as it promises so well and if the Copts do bury started outside their to ground they ought to know what cemetery in the antique expect. " A postcard the [sic] Middle (Ayrton digging area in expedition the sent by Garstang "traced to Danson on the the This outline structure been Despite 11th January fortress refers ajoining the team with to this major to

having

of an early was almost

standing which

'Shuna"'.

certainly Petrie's associated return that family:

Fort, et al in

had previously & 7-8). of the

discovered the problems

by

1904,1-2 part but it

that

necropolis, near 1907, Petrie's

Garstang old

was to dig

1909,

was January

house to his

excavation

began in

as Jones

reported

"The curious part of digging and finding 10 yards from least Abydos. " (Letter of These excavations Attempts to define

I is that started this my digging year doorstep Petrie's at things practically at in at the house he lived when he worked 11/1/07) in the eastern part of the Great on by the Kemp fig. than is Wadi. good and 1).

were sited more closely for fig. that this

the

area

examined, have been

based made

photographic Merrillees The latter in until the

coverage (1980,106, believes

work,

36,3a)

and by Abdallah

(1983,8,

the by the North

sondages former,

were more extensive spreading and westwards uses the

shown

figure the edge to

provided of the this

[magnetic] photographic of tomb 164

Cemetery, Negative. line looks of of of as the the

evidence A'07, a

support

claim.

A. 71 shows a view the main it axis of might

which

seems to be on the house, the and certainly southern in this edge part

Garstang's have The to been

excavation taken material from

though North Great

Cemetery. Wadi seems

in-situ consist

excavated

55
Graeco-Roman This (Abdallah only

entirely especially after the the

of

necropolis

1983, came into

passim,

but

pp. 1-16). Great

cemetery into

probably disuse

existence route have to been

Wadi had fallen Many of the

as a processional stelae at this part illustrate proximity Report for of seem site the the to to

Umm el-Qa'ab. in

Graeco-Roman of activity in this

re-used Mummified

even later

phases

(Neg. A. 94). necropolis progress Petrie's 1907 of dig is

hawks were also

excavated

(Negs. A. 69 & 595). these house also excavations, (especially chiefly

A number of including Neg. A. 68). with

photographs partial

their

The Circular this work in

January

concerned

the

Great

Wadi:

"The month's excavation was devoted almost Ptolemaic found in the clean sand of the site are camped, and about 50 yards from where the (Report of 8/2/07) By the yielding to put in beginning 300 stelae another February (Postcard of the of February about 230 graves 1/2/07); ).

to a exclusively in which we valley now live. " workmen

had

been

cleared, intended

(Postcard week's work

to Danson of there had Ibid. completed 16/2/07); a turn of

Garstang end of the

By the his

second in this the the

week in cemetery majority XI-XIIth

Garstang

activitites already outskirts

to Danson of

he at

had the

moved of

gang and was "having Necropolis" (Report

Dynasty

8/2/07).

This Garstang himself

"Necropolis" had carried describes

was located out this his

near

to Cemetery of

'E' April

and the 1906.

area

where

investigations as being:

Garstang

area

"the limit of a plateau raised about 6 metres above the level of leading the valley Kings: to the tombs the the of prevailing North-West winds have steadily accumulated a great drift of sand over its edge" (Report of 7/3/07) Furthermore, the work of in Spring his description of 416 A'07, chiefly Garstang with the mentions excavation that of a

1907 was "occupied

56

portion north-west

of

the of

great [the

necropolis Great past Wadi]"

of

Abydos

lying 1913,107).

immediately 416 fortress valley" in top of A'07

to

the

(Garstang

itself the

was found

"a little

mid way (beyond near the edge

the of is

old the found

called (Ibid.

Shuneh-t-el-Zebib)..... Photographic which the line support group for

these

statements to 310 A'07 Cemetery, dig

Negative. the

A. 121, at of a

shows the

308 A'07 the

on the just house.

slope west

southern along

edge of the

Northern

[magnetic]

main axis area

of Garstang's covered by these

The approximate 3 (see also

excavations fig. 36,3b.

is )

shown on

figure

Kemp and Merrillees

1980,106,

Excavations "along further of the

in outer

this ridge as the Since in

southern of this

extremity portion" the

of (Ibid.

the ,

North which

Cemetery can possibly eastern

began be part

defined 'E'.

area

between

Great that

Wadi and the Cemetery Middle refer 'E'

Cemetery east

Garstang

believed of

developed to early part

from

to west Dynasty

a date-range

early only

Kingdom to the

Eighteenth as the

he would, Dynasty

presumably,

eastern

"XI-XIIth

Necropolis". cleared the "many XIIth tons of drift sand (Report work in that of the

Progress barred 7/3/07). Great our It

was slow way to

as they

the

edge of that, himself no field with

Dynasty

Necropolis" the the

seems likely Garstang There is

while took

Jones

supervised of the

Wadi,

charge for

North cemetery,

Cemetery while this noted

excavations. that for the

notebook the

former

latter

begins

number 300 A'07; the to location

unfortunately of the

does not tombs, Jones for

contain (in

any information a few cases) with in

regarding relation

except went

each other. 22nd 1907 month that to work

down to Luxor Davis, 1962). but It

Trefusis

on January the

Theodore Aldred

returned was at this

to Abydos time that

following feeling

(Wilson he was

1976;

Jones,

57

overworked Garstang's he acted March

and

underpaid,

decided

to

sever working his

his for

connection Davis, in for Luxor

with whom in

excavations as an artist

and spend more time and archaeologist Davis resigned

until from

death Abydos in the

1911. in

Theodore April 1907,

the

Excavations September of

Committee the

and was replaced

by Capart

same year.

In with

early

March Garstang of clearing

reported away the

that

"we have been going sand that fringe

on steadily the XII

the work

mounds of

Dynasty

Necropolis" from

(Postcard east to west,

to Danson 8/3/07). since of he refers the "XI-XIIth later to

Garstang to his

seems to have first trenches Necropolis" "well By into the

been working as being (Postcard the XIIth

"the among

early

tombs"

Dynasty

to Danson of Dynasty

16/2/07),

while

he was moving of 8/3/07). had

portion" the

(Postcard offering-chapel

Danson 321

middle

of February

A'07 progress

been

cleared during in the A'07 last until

(Postcard

to Danson of (Report

16/2/07). of

Considerable before

was made was halted tomb while 416 the took

March and April second

27/4/07) Just

excavation stopped, 1980), of

week of April

1907.

before

digging

was discovered

and cleared

(Kemp and Merrillees The process of 6/4/07).

tomb to be excavated the beginning

was 436 A'07. letter

packing-up

of May (Jones'

58

I
Local North
4

IV

0
........ ,

.
........................

100 m.

possible

extent

of

the

excavations

of

1907

/////j
Numbered from the points

possible

extent

of

the

excavations

of

1908

known limits

of

Cemetery

'E'

mark the of

excavations

probable 1906

locations

of

individual

tombs

The large concession

broken oval designates the a kilometre around - half

limits of Garstang's stated the Shunet ez-Zebib

Figure

3:

Location

of

the

excavations

of

1906,1907,

and 1908

59
3.4 The Excavations 1908

of

The 1908 season at Abydos. have not in

is

by far

the reports a small

most poorly to the

documented Abydos of the the 1908), this

of

the

four

worked

The circular survived. in Only the

Excavations fieldnotes field which season.

Committee are notebook give still of some

proportion

existence,

form

of a few pages from Garstang 28 tombs during in from

Horst

Schliephack on the

(who assisted contents four of

information worked of the

Garstang graves of case the for

at Abydos

for

months the

the Lent Period

Term and found and "tombs is of the

2nd and 3rd Dynasties, Empire" (Annual Report the

Hyksos

Middle

1908,16).

Even more than of the work

1906,1907, constructed

and 1909, from

extent of

and nature documentary

1908 must be by

odd fragments evidence.

material

supplemented

more circumstantial

Three general terms. Abydos

postcards progress From these on the written on the

written of it

by Garstang during

to Danson serve the that and 1908 the began imply sand in season,

to in

indicate very arrived Boxing effort chosen area is

the broad at Day. was for not

the work

may be learned December 1907

expedition work that the of second on much area this

21st

Postcards expended excavation. specifically to the

on 3/1/08 removal of

and 14/2/08 surface particular enough,

Unfortunately stated; chosen for

the

location the

frustratingly for examination, 1908.

postcard

alludes in the

region

which

had been described

circular-report

January

By 3/1/08 statue, (postcard

the

season seated, of

had already about 3/1/08).

yielded high,

the with

prize

of

"a in

granite front" of

a figure

14 in. This

inscriptions is probably

to Danson

statue

that

60

Amenysonb from number for excavated

tomb 452 A'08

- this in

would the

seem

an since

appropriate the last

tomb tomb have

such an early in

stage

season, would

1907 was 436 A'07 the

and Carstang

almost

certainly

begun 1908 with

number 437 A'08.

On 25/1/08 progressing from the

he well

wrote and that

to

Danson the ivory

to

say

that sphinx"

the

excavation

was

"Hyksos of

had been (Garstang which

recovered 1928), is not

tomb 477 A'08. excavator quotes

In his from -

publication his circular

this

object of

report

30/1/08

particularly

informative:

"The grouping in the tombs has proved of some special of objects bearing on We have also added to our fund of material interest... a number come across the misty "Hyksos" and have lately period, "pan" some few the curious pottery.... of tombs containing.... in this have been found too recently to be incorporated objects a a model of vase, a stone figure, e. g., a fine porphyry report, house etc. " (Ibid., 46)

Of these last

two objects,

the "stone

figure"

is possibly

that

from

643 A'08 and the "model house" probably

However, tomb from the 47), Garstang which the neglects "Hyksos of to mention sphinx" the

the 'soul-house'
the location to of

from 514 A'08.

477 A'08, it was (Ibid., to their the in

came, except containing without

say that pottery"

"immediate which

vicinity" were

tombs

'pan'

themselves

published,

reference

location,

by Emery (1923).

By 14/2/08 report "beads, statuette". somewhere 1908 series that

further

progress

had been made and Garstang small with objects occasionally that season the had

was been a was last with it,

able

to

a satisfactory vases,

number of ivories be etc.,

found, or

scarabs,

stela

The last between which

tomb to

excavated former

numbered in the while

696 and 730 - the is attested

number is being

by an object

marked

61
1909 field

the

notebook the

begins

with

730

A'09 In any

(although Lase,

there the

is

an of

cbject

marked with that

numb: - 708 A'09). (between two major Garstang 1909

number

tombs excavated when compared well be that

season other 1908 in

259 and 283) was relatively seasons, only he 1907 and 1909 it in one area, excavated The absence existence

small could with at of a

to the in while

worked

Schliephack, least

1907 and the

simultaneously deputies. but the

two areas

under written

supervision for

of his 1908, is

field-notebook pages from

by Garstang

of a few and open

one written possible

by Schliephack, interpretations.

somewhat ambiguous

to a number of

Additional is for provided that

evidence by the

for

the

location annual

of Garstang's report of the

excavations Antiquities

in

1908

published

Service

year: -

la dans region comme Van est revenu, passe, travail]' de la icropole d'Abydos o Petrie avait septentrionale quantite campagnes, et it en a retire naguere pendant plusieurs de la XIIe dont les plus anciens datent de petits objets precieux bas que 1"epoque dont plusieurs descendant dynastie, mais aussi " (Rapports 1912,261) romaine. "M. Garstang "region North Abydos cemeteries to Petrie is

The reference presumably curious; refers possibly that but of

to

the to

septentrionale" Cemetery, meant 1908 but

of the

the

the

reference et al,

Cemetery the area

'V1 is of the been

(Ayrton

1904). is difficult the south-west 1980,242), 'E', would of is the indicated and of the to

Kemp notes determine, [magnetic] which would

excavations i. e. to

seems to have the Shunet

"behind, " (Kemp and

ez-Zebib. north

Merrillees Cemetery 'D'. the This west

thus

be to the

of Garstang's Cemetery area extent to of

main part

of Place/Randall-MacIver's previously possible unexcavated approximate

probably Shunet on

have been the ez-Zebib, the

which

62
figure towards Cemetery steadily advance with". 3. In this Garstang the North states, in had a of

region

worked

in

a at

westerly some point continuing report, of to

direction, north to but sand the in to as of work we deal Second located on

the western 'D'; in

edge of

Cemetery

as he himself this site

"we have been the great January amount dating

described

westward The

we have again amount found with of

striking Period well side

material in from

Intermediate objects) the fits

by Garstang evidence Cemetery

1908 (as attested these below, other

the

excavations 7). from

western

the North

(see

Chapter

Negatives position the the of

A. 250 and 251 of the cliffs part of in of the the in the

tomb 504 A'08 background, Cemetery on the would es-Zebib.

seem to indicate, that - the this angle

the in and

tomb was located of the (a cliffs

western absence view in

Northern es-Zebib edge of area) Shunet

Shunet the

the Great

photograph Wadi cannot a location

south-west i. e. west

looking they (or are

which

be seen to the

a high south)

central of the

support

indeed

63

,' ._,
Local "! I-ort"

O
\\

"t's ^//

100 m.

limits of excavations

Possible

of the area within 1909 were conducted

which

the

Figure

4:

Location

of the excavations

of 1909

64
3.5 The Excavations 1909

of

In

January at

1909

Garstang Although

began

his

fourth himself main sites

and wrote

final that

season the

of

excavation

Abydos.

Garstang on three a wide given

season's

work was chiefly he undertook the regions

concentrated over 1909 is a large desert also

(Garstang

1909,125), of seem the II" -

excavation worked in for the

area. in

An approximate 4. Two major the season; of

sketch-plan sites primarily Rameses

figure of the

to have been worked Eastern Garstang referred field Ridge ("on

proportion edge near an area site", house"

temple to the is in

1909,125), to as the

but "XIIth

close

1907

excavations, in the

Dynasty "near

which and

also

described

notebook of

for the

1909 as

Garstang's tombs south

cursory of the

publication Shuna" Apart a great

1909 season Ibid. ).

as "the

remaining

(Garstang from portion out this of

last-named the North

site,

but

probably within

contiguous Garstang

with

it, seems limits

is to of a

Cemetery of

which

have carried this large region,

variable includes the

amounts the

excavation. ez-Zebib, them, the are

The possible Coptic based both Der,

which of

Shunet

and

proportion that of ). the In

area

between

on Garstang's and in "a

statements portion Ibid.

he dug "in necropolis addition, various of

and near west of

Shuna(t)-el-Zebib" Coptic in cemetery" the field Shuna", west Der",

the

(Garstang notebook, "East of side Coptic

there

are

some remarks said of to be; Shuna",

mentioning of Shuna",

where "West

tombs are "North

"Near "Extreme

Shuna",

Cemetery", of Der", Other

"Between "North locations of

Der and Shuna", Der", for "East

"West

of Coptic

"North-West

of Der", in

and "North". the notebook are even but which more how are

tombs mentioned is said to

problematic; far west is

814 A'09 unclear.

be "West

of Kom

es-Sultan",

Even more puzzling

are

850 and 860 A'09,

65
located either dig local cylinder below by the mean part notebook of on the "Ridge Cemetery East to of the House" [magnetic] distance 913 A'09, this east of could the the the (see

the Middle Ridge,

house, east.

or the Eastern Evidence of Pepi

some considerable location is also of

away to in which

relating

to the

seal s. v. .

I was discovered,

somewhat ambiguous

The extent those on the

of Garstang's Eastern Ridge,

activities was

in

the

North in

Cemetery, the Report

if on

not the

recognised for that

activities

of archaeologists

in Egypt

year: -

etaient "A Abydos deux presence: en societes anglaises MM. l'E. E. F. 1'Universite de Liverpool M. Garstang, avec avec la Ayrton, Naville la premiere dans le nord de la necropole, et deuxieme dans le sud. " (Rapports, 293). The first Shunet

of these "in

areas order

to

be examined

was the

the

region and

around of

the the

ez-Zebib, us"

to ascertain of 4/2/09). of

nature work

extent the of

work before of the

(circular of the

This tombs,

entailed sieving

completion Petrie's out found the more

excavation the out than a series of evidence of the

series ez-Zebib

and the

dumps inside earth turned

Shunet by

itself, Petrie

"we have been sifting and have already 25/1/09). one of

Professor

inscriptions produced pieces

he did" of in

(Postcard of the

to Danson of Archaic of

This the

sieving major of

sealings the

Period, the

assessment Third

relative (Newberry

positions 1909:

monarchs 1963).

Second and

Dynasties

Kaplony

It

is

clear

that

Garstang

was working

more than out "fastened (i. e. Eastern the

one area sieving on to a

at

time;

by the within tombs]

end of January the of Shunet the IVth

1909 he had carried and had both Dynasties"

operations series [of

ez-Zebib to VIth

Ridge? ) and located

66

"a tomb of Danson of [magnetic] approximately of the

the

Ist

Dynasty This of

in

which

we are

still which

at work" was (Kemp at

(Postcard to

to the in

28/1/09). north-west the

tomb was 859 A'09, the Shunet abortive

located 1966,15) the

ez-Zebib

area

of Jones'

excavations

beginning

1907 season.

The main locus Ridge where, after

of work the

during

the

1909

season the

was Shunet

on

the

Eastern

investigations

round

ez-Zebib:

desert "We then began a long examination the up the slope of Temple Garden between the the pathway lying and the of above I regret the to Rameses II. arrival our to say that previous Fund had made Exploration Egypt a the of representatives " (Report of 4/2/09) excavation on this ridge. considerable Garstang VIth that "several Ridge hundred (Garstang principal were into, tombs the It ground Vth and seems during with tombs Garstang begin

eventually on the of the

cleared Eastern necropolis although on top New

of

Dynasties" this part

1909,127). burial

was the the of,

the Late intrusive

Old Kingdom, burials of the lying the report

tombs here and cutting and later.

interspersed the earlier as

interments mentions work in in

Kingdom above,

However, at ridge Fund of

quoted that the the dug

when he arrived of this

Abydos to had

1909 he found in the

excavation Egypt there

already of from 1911,

started, Ayrton

shape of who had before

Exploration for "a couple

expedition months" and Loat

and Loat 1908,

November 1). In

moving Naville

north

to el-Mahasna

(Ayrton the

the meantime

had arrived unhappy at

to work at this turn of

Umm el-Qa'ab. the our

Garstang

was understandably

events:

"The Egypt Exploration Fund are at work, and now are occupied at in tombs. Before I got here they dug out a lot of tombs royal (Postcard blood" to Danson, 25/1/09) concession and I want their The question concessions boundary until between the

of

the

the

Fund's month,

and but

Garstang's Garstang

was not

settled

following

67
he had "begun (Postcard out

could,

at

least, the

report VIth

that

a season

of

great

promise

in

some tombs of Also near in

Dynasty"

to Danson of "examination an to

25/1/09). of the ground the

January, Coptic

Garstang

carried he

the

Der" is

on which out"

intended of at Delta

concentrate

"when

Eastern

Ridge

worked arrived and

(Report to"work

4/2/09). Abydos, (Annual that after Report season working 1909,17). and for Capart his book to with

In February'Peet Newberry Schliephack stayed on the with Seti at Cairo

in

the

and Legge also the team for (Capart

assisted

Garstang he took a volume

10 days while 1912,13),

photographs which he

Temple

dedicated

Garstang. The Eastern that Ridge was worked informed throughout February 1909. On the 12th of

month Garstang

Danson that:

4-5 "We are having a remarkable day for finds; each series of kind, 10O worth of antiquities days past over the choicest of . including the stele tomb deposit of and undisturbed of a prince Dynasty" the XVIIIth

At the another further

beginning part north of to

of March the the cemetery area

1909 some of (Report Der, for

the

men were moved to possibly ceased.

work

on

4/3/09)

pushing

around

before

excavation

In

his

final that the

report a small

to

the

Abydos might in

Excavations be mounted order

Committee for the the

Garstang following work of in the this the Report with the

suggested year, 'XIth

expedition of Peet, of

under

direction area (Report

to complete nothing for Mr.

Dynasty'

3/4/09). to

However,

came

and Peet was later excavations 1909,17). E. E. F. at of the

"appointed Egypt

superintend, Fund at

Naville, (Annual

Exploration personnel

Abydos"

Other

ex-Garstang were

who continued 1911-1912,

to work and Legge

Abydos

Trefusis

in

(E. E. F.

Arch. Rep.

1908-1909,2).

68

CHAPTER 4

TYPOLOGY AND THE QUANTIFICATIONOF SHAPE POTTERY

As the objects as is

tomb register

readily

testifies, from the

the

largest

single by

class

of

to have been recovered the case for Egypt, is the vast

Abydos cemeteries excavated of

Garstang, from vessels in to rule as

majority Because

of other the the

cemeteries ceramic of

Pharaonic from order

pottery.

quantities construction (and,

excavations to make this in

have been so large, data easier

typologies easier general regarded typological for to itself the

to handle

supposedly, has been the

manipulate within individual group

analytical reports. but

work on the Pottery merely

pottery) are

excavation artefacts,

vessels

often

not

as members of constructed tomb register even though

a particular

or sub-group.

The typology the

by Garstang to assign the vessel

Abydos

excavations

has been used in pottery

particular has not

tombs particular survived. However, writer these during

'types',

the

assembling

of

the with

tomb the the sorts

register, whole of

the problem

present of criteria which one how how

became increasingly typological basis groups of

concerned are

formed-and

selective the problem

used as the has faced decide

these

groupings. to study is

Put concisely ceramic another data is

people

who want

this:

how does -

how different differences

one pot

from

and,

most importantly,

can these

be quantified?

69

Many factors as size, size are shape,

contribute fabric,

to

the

appearance treatment measure, category

of a pottery and decoration. and and, the to range a

vessel, Attributes of

such of

surface to fabric

relatively in is the not

simple case of so great

possible extent, is the

variation decoration definition although observers.

lesser It

as to pose a of shape which the

serious causes first

problem. the most

and comparison this feature is

difficulty, by most

probably

one

considered

The most simple intuitively, the subjective the

method of

comparing this person

the

shapes

of vessels relies the

is

to

do it on and in a

or by eye. judgement criteria system, are person's. groups, different would of the quite

However, of for the

method obviously carrying are out clearly on the at least might

solely

selection, stated

unless

comparison

comprehensive similarities another different entirely Thus it the basis

one person's likely to

groupings differ in

basis

of

observed from to be

some respects be assigned might

At best while with seem that

"borderline the

cases" whole

at worst completely

typological

system

dissimilar of system

type-standards. which does a not rely on would data One certain recently from in the the its

some form selection is

individual conversion then

desirable. the for vessel analytical

Such into

system metrical

require which possible

of

the

shape of basis take

could

be used as the would be to

comparisons. between type it has

method points

measurements of this

well-defined been proposed a problem this way;

on the

vessel.

A system

by Traunecker is the difficult calculation is

(Traunecker to avoid

1981),

although

suffers data compare gives crude in

which while of slimness

when deriving ratios

metrical to

of a few simple possible the (e. g. is

proportions relative

vessels

height/width somewhat

of a vessel)

method

70

reduction elementary

of a complex index might of the

shape into basic

a few ratios of the

which pot.

provide The adding accurate, and turn

only

an

appearance replication deal of the

of more but this the an to

measurements process pieces almost compare

make the a very great

increasingly time end to measure product

requires accurately,

record into

and ultimately mass of figures. in fast

may it

unmanageable vessel

Anyone who finds really comparing needs

necessary an are accurate, essentially

outlines and fairly

detail method-of

sophisticated, irregular

what

shapes.

The basic regular possess shapes, of

problem

in

the

analysis

of vessel rectangles simple present may of be

profiles and to

is isoceles

that

although triangles irregular

shapes, properties

such as which profile

squares, are

relatively of a pot,

describe,

such as the

considerable complex, rather be

difficulties with than numerous straight but an

description.

First,

the

shape

diverging lines. overall

or converging Secondly, similarity in for differing only

edges consisting are or likely lesser

curved to

no two shapes of a greater the

identical justify a

extent

might

their general shapes

classification description may be of which

same typological purposes. and thus

group,

which

requires two similar

identification sizes serve

Thirdly,

produce

different of their

measurements, shapes.

would

to mask the

similarity

One means of analysis analytical the time is

saving

time

and increasing Not only out but,

the is

accuracy the

of

this a

type

of

to use a computer. tool, capable of

computer in last

powerful of the

carrying

calculations during the data

a fraction decade, use of

needed by the for directly device

human brain inputting

facility

non-metrical

by the

a light By

pen or similar

has become widely

available

to archaeologists.

71
(or

this object

means the

outline

shape

even

more

complex out the

drawings) when

of required.

an

may easily although a computer

be recorded, this in would

stored appear

and printed to be one of context, provide

However, of using

most

useful

ways very can this for more A

an archaeological drawings to

there metrical

have been data which to devised and (Main shape of a the 1978).

few attempts then are

to use stored in

be analysed the rather pottery

a meaningful 'sliced' (Wilcock

way. and

Two notable 'mosaic' Shennan P. L. of

exceptions methods 1975) Main

crude shapes

analysing sophisticated recent together

and

'tangent of

profile' the 'sliced'

method of method

application with

pottery dimensions pots

analysis, vessel, 1982).

an analysis out

based on the

major

has been carried

on a group

of Anglo-Saxon

(Richards

A method developed

of over

describing

and

classifying

irregular of

shapes the X-ray

has

been

a number of Dental

years for

by Dr. J. S. Johnson use with the

University outline (Johnson different

of Manchester of the

Hospital, to aid

lateral

human skull This for

clinical also been

orthodontic used with of for

diagnosis slightly

1980).

same method has example to

purposes, as a cleft individuals 1978), those adapted shapes et al

describe

patients the types faces

a facial children Soetamat and Homo the the

deformity and and erectus has of

such adults, Winoto with been the

palate, of

or to compare racial

different skulls

(Johnson,

or even the

of Australopithecus 1981). More recently context,

of modern man (Johnson for use in

method analysis vessels

an archaeological handaxes

for pottery

of Palaeolithic 1985).

and Egyptian

(Tyldesley

All namely

shapes, the

whether

regular

or irregular, of area,

share

one

common (fig.

feature, This

possession

of a centre

or centroid

5. a).

72

centroid cardboard. positions. marked

can be found and hanging When the from the pin it

experimentally loosely from

by a pin

cutting in at

out least a at

the two

shape arbitrary line

in

cardboard downwards. dropped readily

has ceased The centroid in by this means

to swing lies manner. of vessels respective a

vertical the

is of same

intersection the

any two or more centroid programme. superimposing exactly, orientated may need to usually but,

lines

However, simple may be

can be located The shapes their since

microcomputer compared coinciding cannot be which not by

of any two pottery with is their only

outlines a centroid

centroids point, they

a single

on each other. be compared, a problem

Luckily, the (fig. vertical 5. b).

unlike

many irregular of

shapes pots does

orientation

present

ab-

Profile Profiles 5

of of

vessel

with

its

centroid superimposed

located. on their centroids.

two vessels,

Figure

The method

involves

the

outline

of a vessel

being

divided

into

two

73

X-X

Major =

Axis Axis

at

0. Axis is at 00.

X1-X1 = Minor

when Major

Y-Y

Major =

Axis Axis

at

30. Axis is at 30.

Y1-Y1 = Minor

when Major

Figure

6-

Centroid

and Angle

Location

74
halves by drawing major axis). line a line (henceforth its centroid This second the major line line axis of angle the of

equal

along of

its the

vertical vessel

axis has

known as the located is will is the

Each half is

and another minor be at in

drawn joining

these

two points. profile this Next, the up not

known as the obviously

axis.

For a symmetrical to the major

90 degrees a clockwise are the

axis.

moved 1 degree resulting two This angle This (fig.

direction located, two halves but at

and again joined are will 1 up

centroids and the

portions time, since not

calculated. resultant the vessel.

symmetrical, shape

will

be 90 degrees is repeated to speed

depend on the intervals obviously been written

procedure 6). In

degree this

through laborious to plot

180 degrees process, these

order

a further

microcomputer

programme has

angles.

A cyclical vessel shape

curve (fig.

transformation 7). This of is the

is a graph major angle

then on axis

derived which on the' the

from the vessel major from

the

original axis and on joining the of ('C' the of x the on are

horizontal outline, axis the

represents the vertical

the

position

axis

represents minor

the axis

between is

vessel the axis

outline

and the

(which

derived

two subsidiary at 90 degrees shape. and the to the

centroids ('B'

at'this 7),

angle).

The curve the of the ('D' of

crosses symmetry curve on fig. the are but the

on fig.

demonstrating of of the its ratio crest trough

original fig. 7)

The actual lowest the

height point

7)

proportional shape, while

length-breadth length the being size,

(elongation) under the

original further not its

curve

and the of into

area the the of

curve

parameters size

describing after

quality entered the

original computer, the

shape, using is

because its

graphics

pad at

original

shape area

vessel the

automatically of this

normalised

to a predetermined

(50 sq. cm for

purposes

75

experiment).

Figure

7-

Example

of a Cyclical

Curve

The co-ordinates multivariate so that sample separate contrasting differences For a basic to of is the of cluster degree

of

this analysis

curve

can then the

be used as

the

data

for

using

"Furthest all the

Neighbour" members aggregate similar in of

analysis, a them shape groups, given into and the

of

similarity

between

vessel groups, to a

shapes the

can be measured

so as to being

members of

each group degree with

measurable

neighbouring in a quantified the A types

and similarities account the the of the

being workings

expressed of cluster (Orton of

amount. reader detailed cluster is

analysis 1980).

referred account analysis

account strengths

given

by Orton

more of

and weaknesses (Hodson

different

given

by Hodson

1970)

A selection excavations

of thirty-four was chosen for

pottery an

vessels

from

the

Garstang/Abydos to assess the

experimental

analysis

76
Q.

effici, This

fncy of selection which

this

method as an aid mainly of

in two

their groups

typological of Eighteenth be

allocation. Dynasty as these by in 1977, defined differing

consisted could,

vessels being

to a greater similar

or lesser

degree, grounds.

considered of

typologically

on subjective cups" (referred

The first

was a number of Holthoer design) 1977,

"drop-shaped p1.41) and the of

to as "wine-decanters" more variable

second

(and seemingly enclosed vessels to vessels these of

a collection types

carinated In

(Holthoer broadly widely

pls. 30-32; groups, characters

CS and CV). number of in

addition

a small

individual the analysis.

were included

Vessel

Concordance

The first vessel the for

number given the purposes follow. vessel

below of the The and

is

that

of

the

number the

assigned number are the

to cited

the in

experiment subsequent the

and is

figures of

which the

numbers from

accession the vessel for the

number originates. which

tomb-group

which of the

The final designates

column the

is

a brief

description enclosed

vessel, DC

CV

carinated

pots,

and

"drop-cups".

1 2
3 4

Liv. 4931 Liv. 4511

Liv. 4971 Bol. A. 20.1968

333 A'07 333 A'07 327 A'07 350 A'07 -

Small bowl Pot stand Wide, Small shallow ovoid jar bowl

Liv. 3002

694 A'08? - Kerma ware beaker -

Bruss. 8535

954 A'09 -

CV -

77
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Liv. 4876 Liv. 4852 Mer. 1977.109.117 Bruss. 8537 Bruss. 8536 Bruss. 8555 Liv. 4730 Liv. 4255 Liv. 4263 Liv. 4459 Liv. 4716 Bol. A. 210.1968 425 A'07 A'07 CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV CV -

417 A'07 954 A'09 954 A'09 ?33 A'09 678 A'08 18 A'06

499 A'08 328 A'07 538 A'08 368 A'07 -

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

Liv. 4063 Liv. 4062 Mer. 1977.109.112 Liv. 4061 Liv. 4786 Liv. 4573 Bruss. 8530 Bruss. 8529 Bruss. 8526 Bruss. 8527 Mer. 1977.109.114 Bruss. 8531 Liv. 4572 Bruss. 8532 Liv. 4376 Mer. 1977.109.111

301 A'07 395 A'07 395 A'07 -, ? A'08

DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC -

912 A'09 395 A'07 954 A'09 954 A'08 954 A'09 954 A'09 -? A'07

- 954 A'09 25 A'06

954 A'09 428 A'07 18 A'06

78

The outline digitising normalised measured

of

a drawing

of

each vessel Apple the area II and

was carefully microcomputer the perimeter of

traced and

using was

a then were

pen attached to and,

to an

50 sq. cm. Both if it

length

had been necessary, The major

the

volume

each vessel

could for

have been easily each vessel

calculated.

and minor curve

axes were plotted with 180 co-ordinates

and finally landmarks computer of given the

a complete was produced. was then cyclical in the

cyclical

and 8 curve A mainframe cluster analysis dendrogram.

used to curve form

perform landmarks.

a "Furthest The results

Neighbour" of this and a

analysis were

of

similarity

matrix

L 20 31 21 24 19 34 27 22 30 32 25 33 29 26 28 23 313 8 16 10 18 17 912 2S6

il 14 7 15 4

i
JC)O

"' Level of Similaritv

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

Figure

8-

Cluster

analysis

of the total

population

of vessels

79

Three the

cluster

analyses of sample carinated some of these

were carried vessels. the The

out

using

the

data

obtained was of and

by the the

digitisation of of the the

first of

clustering the of "drop-cups" the results of

whole third

population, vessels. the

second

An examination and

produced using this

demonstrates system of

advantages

disadvantages

analysis.

If

one first it of

examines

the

cluster on the of-

analysis

with

regard produced (fig. of It on this detail, 8),

to by

the the the or be

"drop-cups" analysis "drop-cups" 85% if

can be seen that the total

dendrogram the of not vessels similarity

population together at

are

grouped

a level is

80%, must the

one slightly that the for the the on

deviant

individual of greater be

included. depend than greater

remembered population assemblage allowing total

percentages groups of

similarity similarity in

whole varied thus the the every group, So

shapes

would

analysed of

subsequent

breakdown analysis

sub-groups has effectively in

derived

from

population.

The computer group

isolated that group this

"drop-cups" vessel while far which

as a distinct was originally every has other

and has included as being of the total in that

selected vessel a

a member of vessel it of

excluding the analysis

population. has these objectively vessels

been the

success

quantified typological

and justified group.

subjective

selection

as a

As a natural was carried sub-groups individual out,

extension this

to time

this of in

clustering, the

a second

cluster to

analysis see what of (fig. of 9)

"drop-cups" the degrees

alone, of

would cups.

be formed

comparing produced into

similarity

The dendrogram of the sample

from major

this

analysis one

shows a breakdown

three

groups,

which

80
19 25 33 '?9 32 26 28 30 76---------

---

*-----,

.......................

- -----....

---------"----........

_-"---------...

---------

31 27 21 34 24 n7 ................ qS 35 73 65 55 45 35

--"-"---

__..... 25 15

_... ^.

Level oI imil. ritc

Figure

9-

Cluster

analysis

of

theItDrop-cups"

contains these

only groups it

one vessel. is possible them.

If

one examines

the

vessels

which criteria is

make

up the of

to see on what shape-related Sub-group curving A (examples profile widths is at of 19-30) a similar

computer vessels ratio height. each of

has divided with a regular, similar

composed height/width

even,

and with In the

proportional the

any given similar is

point

along

the along

particular, vessels.

maximum width B (examples character. vessels of

at a 20-24) are

point

Sub-group different than the are In the is profile.

made up of

pots

of

a quite taller the just this slightly (example

distinctly and thinner

They the first

proportionally group. In in this

much particular the area

sides below part

of

the

vessel

much more parallel, more extreme almost

especially of

the of

mouth.

examples

sub-group out to a C two with a

this

vessels

cylindrical, The single different

broadening vessel from of the

more 23) It

bulbous is is base. again

sub-group other and

distinctly for its

sub-groups. more pointed Although dendrogram However,

much wider

height,

more bulbous

these

are

the that

major even the

divisions further

of

the

"drop-cup" are

type,

the

indicates the

sub-divisions in the vessel

possible. become,

more minute

differences

shapes

81
the more difficult a verbal data form. This it is becomes to adequately one of in this the great for

convey

these of

differences using digitised much in

in

advantages the computer

to compare

shapes

way,

has

more shapes

accurate in

and sophisticated way at the

syntax level

to articulate where human general

differences differentiation impression of

a methodical

of

the

same data or similarity.

has to rely

on an unstatable

difference

So far look number at

the the of

method analysis

seems of

to

have

worked

well. vessels

However, we of Unlike are

when we come to faced occurs "drop-cups" but are with in a the the spread with were pots a

the

carinated The (fig.

puzzling of the total

anomalies. population form

first 8).

these the cluster, are

dendrogram carinated out over

vessels

do not

a tightly of as pots similarity being of

grouped and of

a much wider which sample were of not

degree chosen

interspersed shape, Moreover but these For

vessels random are pots are

a similar types. not 90% Kerma E Aexpect

individual in

varying one at might the a

grouped numbered in fact

together 2 and a small

a way

that

expect. similarity ware

example, but In any

5 are pot

clustered stand

level, beaker.

and

traditionally be regarded that alone, the

composed typology as being is at all grouping

one would

these it must the as

two be

vessels

to

similar. the such the vessel the

However, vessels factors present on

remembered of shape

computer totally etc. the

grounds fabric, of the

disregarding Furthermore, of parts than the of

function, system is of

decoration, inputting to

limits the

outline which other

means that vessel are

computer and

unable are be

distinguish Anything to

'closed' would, a vessel it is

which

'open'. considered typological

a single

mouth

traditionally, to easier a to particular see

be very

important Given these

in assigning limitations

grouping.

why

82
two initially of similarity, population be linked the dissimilar for that in this the the

these degree the

vessels range outlines of

should vessel of is these all is the

be assigned shapes is so

such a wide are

close among similar if we that

total to

two vessels more

enough realise minor

way. This the

the

obvious so

that details

whole

shape of

vessel of in the

being rims

considered of to in the the the

such as the

overlapping

pot-stand cyclical of

become irrelevant curve. the This is

'evened-out' and a feature vessels. which is

conversion

even more obvious

groupings

carinated

I The third group the the of and final cluster selected which total analysis carinated was carried vessels, out having on the first with original removed them in

subjectively

random vessels grouping of the

were so surprisingly population.

entangled

6 11 14 7 15 9 12 8 16 10 18 17 13

% Level of Similarity

00.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

Figure

10 - Cluster

analysis

of

the

carinated

vessels

In

this

clustering but it is

(fig.

10)

the

pots

are

broken are the

into linking

two

major factors

sub-groups,

difficult

to see what

83

between division with

the

individual vessels

members of with

these

groups.

One

might

expect

between

a sharp other, the

carination but

on one hand with such a

those general of the

a more rounded might there appear of the be are in a

body on the discerned number of in of

although

grouping vessels vessels

computer's

arrangement where very

idiosyncracies with generally clustering and 18 (fig.

carinated bodies. A the

a group

pots

more rounded

good example grouping of

this four

seemingly vessels

anomalous 7,10,15

can be seen in 11).

Figure

11 - Four

carinated

vessels

If

asked

to

sort

these be the

vessels most would

into natural

pairs

one might arrangement, be because in the

feel

that

15 & 10 the be and

and 7& former quite

18 seem to pairing. naturally

especially the eye the would neck

Again, drawn

this to the

largely

similarities

shape of

84
But, because

rim

of

these the

two vessels. vessel rim, with

the

computer for 95% the

analyses areas similarity, computer, in this

the of

total detail largely

shape of

no particular paired with

weighting 18 at to

such as the because significant their terms which major width of is

10 is share a

they

feature the their it

which, vessels height, is uniting this

is

very

- unlike is greater shape.

most of than In fact

included a striking

analysis in

difference

total the

'wider-than-tall' one of

feature the two

determining of

factor the

the members of vessels

sub-groupings

carinated

The results population profiles special to with

of

this

experiment consists

show one thing entirely detail

very

clearly. of even

If

the

be grouped no minute

of vessels or

external worthy of the

significant

features

consideration the

or greater described

statistical above type group is is and, from in

weighting, excellent in some in

such

as

"drop-cups", vessels isolating

method

sub-grouping at least,

of a similar a significantly method

pre-selected similar

cases

a mixed dealing

population. with to to material be a of where greater

Where the certain significance typological results of

becomes inadequate on the in vessel are

details than class. which are

considered the is vessel

others

allocating the method

particular produces are

However, not

of use even when it Firstly of an these objective 'wrong' something with

what one might they are the these

expect. result results

results

some value if

because we are are

process. we of a must worth more to a

Secondly,

to reject the to out be

as being

say why they if it

wrong;

experiment the basic

has produced source groups. about; for

means one returns way of sorting might

material

rigorous digitising

typological brought

Then improvements instance a

system

grouping

85

utilising shapes,

digitised could

data

from

particular with the

parts general

of

the

pot,

such as

rim

be used together

outline.

Ultimately features concerned; selected experiment individual and Pollard type might

a system be the

of classification most accurate would,

using as far

a subjective

selection grouping subjectively (for identify see of

of is

as typological have been industry to vessels analysis are

these during in

features their the

presumably, in a

manufacture use of

handicraft analysis of similar

one an Impey this

computer-based an assemblage results point for of that their

potter's 1985).

work in But the

computer-aided because not being criteria

emphatically this is

make the no excuse

subjectively and clearly

selected stated.

well-defined

86

CHAPTER 5

CEMETERIES IN STRATIGRAPHY THE ABYDOS HORIZONTAL

In

a review

of two recent the of

books

on mortuary

data,

Ucko (1982) data in

cites

as "the

a major spatial At first

omission component sight the nor

non-use the

of Egyptian/Nubian system" or

assessing stratigraphy.

mortuary

horizontal great is This

the

evidence of

from Egypt but

seems to hold the situation

promise neither is

for so

tracing simple the the of

spread

cemeteries,

so straightforward The present

as one might-imagine. chapter seeks

certainly of some

case at Abydos. evidence the for

to provide and

an overview suggests

horizontal which

stratigraphy

at Abydos, this about.

processes

may have brought

5.1 The Orientation

of Cemeteries

Nuclear -

and Linear

Development

Tombs in conform major In the

Pharaonic

cemeteries series.

are

not,

as a rule,

randomly

placed,

but two

to a sequential types, here and the termed major

The sequential and Linear. cemeteries located major in in tombs. ranked

series

may be one of

Nuclear provincial

Royal norm, of

nuclear relation This societies, societies the is

development to a a shifting relatively

is

where minor nuclei

tombs are by

series

constituted

common form of social

of cemetery in

arrangement non-literate obtained

and the often relies data.

study on In

structure

European through

such

perceived

rankings

cemetery

87

Pharaonic central the

Egypt nucleus

the is

best

example

of

this

arrangement

of, tombs around laid out

provided of the

by the Giza

mastaba-cemeteries The reasons in the in religous hereafter, his for

around

Royal

pyramids

group. either in

this terms

arrangement with nobles

can be seen on different depending othe on the king for of

levels, benefits the

or as a reflection to it the has to King been their

social

persona of

tomb-owner may also are

relationship here with as relation O'Connor

(a second suggested owners' It but is

level that

ranking

be involved grouped

these

mastabas

official not only in in

function Royal

see Helck cemeteries that

1956,62-65; such

1975,21). takes place, lesser of a at the their by

nucleation where relationship Kingdom rock-cut shaft-tombs

also

major

provincial sited in

cemeteries, a subsidiary is the of

tombs to

of that

personages local Beni

were often

potentate. Hassan, of

A good example the Hare slope in

Middle the the

necropolis tombs of of

where the

front contains

Nomarchs subsidiaries, Lilyquist047q,

Nome this

although 913; Reisner to five

direct

relationship

has been questioned

At Naga ed-Der cemetery graves while 500-900 sited urging

linked nuclear

the

development

of

the with

Old

Kingdom

tombs of

'Headmen',

subsidiary (1975,23), of, does and not

around caution between,

them (Reisner in the assuming owners

1932,186-189). the smaller of precise

O'Connor identities

relationship seriously It the is Late

of

and larger one to the

tombs, other. at

question possible

the that

subsidiary this since type a

role

of nucleation number of

occurred high-ranking

Abydos officials

during are These than

Old Kingdom,

known to have been buried officials Nomarchs seem to be Viziers (who were buried Unlike

on the Eastern

Ridge

and Overseers-of at Naga ed-Der major

(Kemp 1975; 35). h Upper Egypt rather el-Gebrawi cemeteries,

or Deir

Brovarski Abydos was

1982,306-307).

typical

provincial

88

not

sited

in

close

proximity

to therefore of

an

important not area, be

administrative expected a to relect

centre the

(Nome capital), socio-political consisting the local at of

and would organisation the graves

the

i. e.

nucleated around

cemetery that who of were

of

lesser

individuals

arranged

Headman' Abydos at for

(Nomarch). this time

The high-ranking may not have it without Ridge material means that is had is

individuals the difficult some sort (chiefly from the of the local to

buried required

hierarchy imagine

such a practice; of such status

nevertheless being the buried Eastern

individuals The paucity surviving might spatial There Abydos certainly character. of ranking

entourage. lack of which

of evidence

from

superstructures/inscriptional their within the owners) cemetery for

tombs,

have identified hierarchy

any hypothesis to prove.

regarding

impossible

seems to be no evidence during the period Middle peculiar

any such

nucleation

occurring This is of the

at almost unique rules to

Kingdom - New Kingdom. position as Egyptian a

due to Abydos' Possibly and status

cemetery cemeteries, do not

uniquely being

among major reflected in

tomb-location that

seem of

apply

at Abydos.

Although

one might

imagine

individuals in

wealth prized ranking in the the those

and influence locations, within specific Abydene the

might there

have more substantial seem and greater to have

foundations been tombs This but is the any were not foci

more

does not itself, to

organised not to

cemetery

lesser ones.

arranged say that which

relationship cemeteries

were un-nucleated, were arranged During

around exclusively Osirian for

tombs and cenotaphs with Osirian

seem to have been the height of the

associations. and presumably with the the Osiris context

cult, burial near of the to

the were the Great in

most crowded, those connected

sought-after, rites;

locations in

god and his Temple, the

particular, flanks

temenos wall Wadi.

of

and along

the

In a broader

cemeteries

were ultimately

orientated

89
a subsidiary seems likely have been relationship that used particular as nuclei to the Tomb of Osiris major for features orientation the at the Umm el-Qa'ab. the later necropolis periods stela in the around It may (see Late it

within at

Randall-Maclver below) which

and Mace cite

as an example

Neferhotep

seems to have become an object at which time burials seem to

of veneration be clustered

New Kingdom, (Randall-MacIver

and Mace 1902,64).

The

linear

development spreading to

of

cemeteries previously be taken to

is

natural areas, a fig. rigidly 3b).

process

of

interments the term

occupy not

unoccupied imply

although regular In theory while several within on the in is a no sole The

'linear' in

should

development at least,

one direction are static

(cf. a in Linear

Kemp 1975: 2,271, constantly size while expanding being

cemeteries may remain of

feature by place be sited spread there as the

settlements generations nuclear-centred position

utilised take

inhabitants. cemeteries ones, in

progression obviously

may

(new nuclei

cannot may

of previous or,

and so succeeding provincial it and the for

nuclei cemetery

common direction) readily process latter apparent in

a minor structure,

where

ranking

may be siting which

perceived of individual cemetery

cemetery

development

tombs. Kemp to

seems to be the the

case at Esna, from spread

(1978,

168) marshals a general is a limited

evidence

Garstang's of tombs

Esna excavations (Ibid., 167). to At

indicate there Dynasty for the from,

one-directional chronological 168) - the of areas the over

Esna

span (Late

Middle

Kingdom

early

18; Ibid., assessment particular

Abydos cemeteries expansion a far of the scale.

present cemetery

an opportunity within, and

larger

90

5.2 site's

Linear

development

in

the

Abydos

cemeteries

theories

of

the

excavators

Several necropolis excavations site.

of

the have

archaeologists tried to relate

who

have the

excavated of

in their

the

Abydos

areas

particular at the

to a general

process

of

horizontal

stratigraphy

Mace and Randall Maclver North the Cemetery Osiris were sited

(1902,64) as close

believed as possible

that to

the the

tombs

in wall

the of that west,

temenos space

Temple. the

The limiting spread

factor further

of available and further V,

meant

gradually so that the North

cemetery

to the on the

[local]

by the New Kingdom Mace's Cemetery was that

Cemetery

western

side

of

most commonly used. He believed Kingdom that his Cemetery Intermediate walls 'D' of the 'E'

This

theory

was shared

by Garstang. the Middle

was taken Period, Osiris 1901,2).

up by tombs of lying between enclosure, the the

Second the

Old Kingdom mastabas and Mace's which New Kingdom Garstang.

under

Temple That

tombs in to the

(Garstang

mastabas to the his

dated

now generally necessarily tried to

assigned invalidate

the Middle

Kingdom of his

Old Kingdom are s: s (Kemp 1977,35) not would argument. Garstang this and also

main burden 'E'

show that with

Cemetery

clearly Kingdom the west.

illustrated in the east

westward those of

evolution, the

tombs of

the Middle Period in

Second Intermediate

However, cemetery, long

Peet

did

not

agree

with

this

clear scheme of

development cemetery

of usage

the over

and denied of time.

any all-encompassing He believed that,

periods

determined by natural bounds, or portions, artificial at particular periods, were marked out for burial and remained in full, until when a move was made to a new part of use, as a rule, fill to there was no attempt the site.... in up the a space

"Certain

91
from one part method, starting (Peet 1914, xv). directions"

systematic in various

and spreading

gradually

5.3 Official

Limitations

on Burial

at

Abydos

The popularity to have led granite [local] stela

of

representation to regulate

at

Abydos in the area

the

Middle

Kingdom for p1.29) a

seems use. at A the

to efforts found

available (1902,

by Mace and Randall-Maclver corner of the North Dynasty which Cemetery king

south-west

contains later

decree, by which of to this the seems limit 36) was the since it at

by a Twelfth promulgated probably 1': 1 I (Kemp 197", 35-36), Neferhotep parts stela south, to of the cemetery that it area is the

and

usurped

effectively for use. the north

delineated The and text two Simpson was to

were available four,

states which

one of "Sacred

two to

enclose this the the

Land south the purpose itself, be kept

of Abydos". of the while free of decree

interpret within that

to mean that North area

burial maintains Great would the It

Cemetery which was to

Kemp

(Ibid.,

interments

Wadi.

The latter that

view the

would

to be the more logical, seem

be imperative

processional

to the Tomb of Osiris way

Umm el-Qa'ab is likely were in

was kept that force other at for

open. decrees different regulating times, Neferhotep as a focus above). is the use of the cemetery is may only tombs little have were itself found by (the s3w n at

Abydos surviving survived built was,

although stela

there itself

evidence intact

this its

the adoption

due to early at

around the

which

in in

the theory in

New Kingdom least,

(see

That

necropolis stela

well-policed which title from

attested to a

by the

Garstang only smt

tomb 316 A'07, Middle Kingdom seemingly

belonged listed Rizaqat:

s3w rwdw n Wsir is Maspero

similar

by Ward 1982,147, C. G. 20481;

on a stela

1882,

92
122-123).

5.4 Patterns

of Use in

the

Abydos Cemeteries

The cemeteries usage dynastic spot. over

at Abydos of

do not time.

present As much to

a clear as any

or

simple other

pattern cemetery of any

of from given

a period

Egypt, This

Abydos was subject to qualities this was be largely which not Certainly different own

the

use and re-use the actual

seems innate

because made it

place

itself place of

possessed burial or,

to be desired a much representation the within of Middle the

if

possible, during regions

through Kingdom, and

pseudo-funerary probably for at other

monuments. periods, their

area

available the most

interment

had

hierarchy most closely

desirability; with for the

favoured of the

positions Osiris cult

were those (for

connected

rituals in the and to

a discussion

of known toponyms 1.4). area The constant has led,

areas

Abydos re-use "utter varying cannot The

cemeteries of

see above Chapter this limited

overbuilding words,

tombs within partly

in Peet's contained

confusion, periods,

because

every

cemetery are ix). in Tombs that

tombs of most date

and partly fixed"

because (Peet are

there

so many tombs whose

be accurately Abydos

1914, unusual

cemeteries

they

display

both

horizontal more than top of old

and vertical once (Peet ones;

stratigraphy. 1914,73), without bury surface

were

re-used,

sometimes on

and new funerary the intervention

monuments were built of in a human relatively

even

agencies short recording section of

wind-blown time (Ayrton

sand could et al the

structures excavation of

1904,11). successive 1979, fig.

Careful levels

and thorough (see 'Portal' the

can demonstrate provided

occupation shows the

by O'Connor

3, which

temple

93

Rameses II

founded

at a higher Many activities earlier of A'09, in the

level

than tombs

the must

underlying have

Middle been

Kingdom

offering-chapels). eradicated in Garstang's by the

completely the case

later where floor

tomb-diggers, the bottoms

such as is of Late Old

tomb 941-949

Kingdom chamber

shaft tomb.

tombs were visible

of the Eighteenth

Dynasty

Another Abydos which different travel often is

aspect

of

the which

confusion one might is

of term

the

archaeological

record

at by in a to of are by later as

a process of of in readily shaped of

'diagonal in are a

stratigraphy', later period likely the virtue and only for 938 A'09;

material part around being

one the this

period cemetery. way,

re-used Stelae

particularly have

probably

because

they

to hand in slabs their of user as

ground-level with

superstructures, limited materials in into

conveniently the imagination

stone

applications building sarcophagi to break et al

(e. g. as lids of

structures battering Peet -

as in stones 1914,91;

790 A'09;

used by robbers as coffin-stands

trying

stone

sarcophagi

Ayrton -

1904,50).

In

the

midst

of

this

chaos

the in

definition the period task.

of a consistnt from the Late

pattern Old Kingdom in spite in

of to of broad times,

use of the the

the

Abydos cemeteries

New Kingdom might poor archaeological parts the of

seem a hopeless record, the it is

Nevertheless, to use at outline,

possible were in

terms, not but

which

necropolis assessment

different of wide

through

detailed larger

of data

individual over

pieces

evidence, area.

by weighing

amounts

of

a relatively

94
5.4.1 The Use of Cemeteries Abydos

the

at

the

Origin

of

their

Importance

The present cemeteries end of of the the

overview

of

the

way in which times time a

different takes as its

parts

of

the

Abydene the seat

were used at Old Kingdom.

different At that

starting

point

Abydos higher of

seems to have been the echelon of-

Overseers to

of Upper Egypt, the

administration (Fischer 1968, at 202

designed 201-202). Abydos, n. 800). of the well that with the

superintend

Nomarchs Kingdom, of

Upper

Egypt

Before although However,

the Middle several the real

no Thinite Upper

Nomarchs were buried Egypt were Ibid., the

Overseers importance of in the this

of Abydos comes with god is Pyramid first Texts firmly of

eruption at as

Osiris the

cult. Fifth

The cult Dynasty, tombs of and Sixth

attested King Unas, It

end of as in in the

the period

private Fifth in

(Griffiths while Osiris

1982,625). is linked

seems mostly the

Dynasties, in Royal 626).

Busiris

private

tombs,

tombs, he is Osiris' local

predominantly

god of Abydos and its partly gained at for of that the cult the

Nome (Ibid., expense

position god,

at Abydos was Khentyamentiu. probably when a the Otto cult of two named (c) the

of an earlier importance

The initiative combination centre of

the

continuing

of Abydos was cult at a time

flowering

of a popular period of

had a brief instigation the time

secular role of:

importance. as an important (a) the Overseer (b) Pepi and I, the

(1968,31-32) centre

sees the at

of Abydos' of in the burials

as occurring

Nomarchs Uni under wives (or possibly (also

Teti-Merenre, one the see

the Middle Goedicke

Cemetery, 1955) of II)

Ankhes-Meryre Vizier

mothers of

of Merenre the ladies

and Pepi

Djau-Shemai,

brother

Ankhes-Meryre. the position of see the Kemp

The town of Abydos was situated modern village of Beni Mansur

on approximately

(formerly

known as el-Kherba

95
Kemp (1977,89) region) the period (from of Kom Old

1975,29). es-Sultan Kingdom, of the the

notes

that

his the

survey town at

on was the

the the

of expansion settlements their expansion site in

when a number of First Dynasty, There

smaller

accreted wall

beginning end of

acquiring

own enclosure after the the Middle

by the Old New

Second. the

was no real of the

Late and Kingdom

Kingdom, Kingdoms. and

despite Possibly close its , to,

popularity

a new town was built, or on the site of,

nearer

to the New

temples

the modern village centre, the the

of el-Arabah. growing popularity in the

Whatever of the

shortcomings cult the

as a population Egypt

Osiris behind

throughout

meant that

cemeteries

desert

town were by no means under-used.

The Eastern time, Ayrton which

Ridge

seems to have been the demonstrated (see

area

for used

burial

at

this of

as has been thoroughly and Loat, part of 'D' of the Peet,

by the major above, 15-18).

excavations It is prior part of the by of Third the

and Garstang

unclear to the

necropolis Ridge, by its was, area

had been used although excavator remarkably, (Peet the

immediately central

adoption Cemetery Fourth of later the

the Eastern is cited which the the to

Peet's and

as a cemetery -left untouched ). The

Dynasties tombs in tombs of

digging recovered
6

1913,17ff. is

material in Chapter cemetery

from major

Eastern

Ridge that

discussed

$; was

the in

conclusion

be drawn is the 'Late

the Eastern an

Ridge

constant which

use during the Period.

Old Kingdom', Dynasties of this

archaeological into attested 119 ; "partly Frankfort presumably as a the

horizon First in the

includes

Fifth/Sixth Burials

and continues are see also

Intermediate Middle

period 'E'

Cemetery 'G' partly

(e. g. Peet's 1902,34; west of

Cemetery

below

Petrie's to the 1930, direct

Cemetery south, 217-218;

Petrie to the

Frankfort's [Peet's] du

excavations

Cemetery Centre"),

Mariette's

"Necropole

96
linear It is continuation possible that of the there Eastern were Period Ridge some in the cemetery. interments North of Cemetery of the as this Late Old

Kingdom/First claims within

Intermediate tombs

Currelly period

to have found the Middle Fort

containing et al

button-seals 1904,47, pl. XX).

(Ayrton

5.4.2

The Evolution

of Tomb-Types

at

Abydos

The use of that, of the

tomb-types they

as a diachronic may be found unlike for to

tool contain parts in of

has

the

marked which is

advantage not that

although original

a burial the

owner,

other

funerary parts of

assemblage the site.

they

cannot

be appropriated of rock-cut of Nile the

re-use

other the

The absence on the

tombs is,

perhaps,

most important In most are cut

influence important into the

development of the fringe

tomb architecture Valley, desert; tombs of only

at Abydos. local

cemeteries cliffs is

notables are At

which alternative

where

there made.

no suitable Abydos there to

cliffs are have the of tombs was to

subterranean cliffs close for

provision at this with it hand, seems the is

eminently

suitable

but

these

seem never to have

been utilised. association the of

The reason

largely

been

the Umm el-Qa'ab in of view the of this

tomb of Osiris, surprising of in this large, target for art for

"Foremost that practice no

Westerners"; west

hardly

were sited make the tombs;

Umm el-Qa'ab. particularly

The effect rich

Abydos cemetery

well-equipped robbers and rock and with

one reason

why Abydos has been a popular so much material their completely parietal reliant

archaeologists, cut tombs are

and has provided notable are almost for

museums while

tombs equipped

offering-chapels mobiliary artefacts.

on being

97
The types Period simple foot. often shaft sides could shaft are of tomb used in below the in Late Old 6; with Kingdom/First they mainly Intermediate consist cut of at its but single opposing or of the would 416 of 6 not 504 a

discussed

Chapter often

square/rectangular Tombs of elaborate being of the the Middle on it, with

shaft, Kingdom

a single this basic

chamber

retain

structure, off on a

multiple

chambers could of be

opening cut either Peet the

common. These chambers shaft in (e. g. see the opening plan of off

plan the

831 A'09; of

1914,39) bottom of shafts (e. g. the the plan shafts

be set (e. g.

pairs

same side Sometimes

see the in

1 A'06). by a

a group

be arranged A'07, A'06 before A'08,

a row,

served

single

offering-chapel see also G) chapel with (Peet

see Kemp and Merrillees and the photograph but of

1980,109-111; 18 A'06, of plate the

or behind, pl. 32).

to one side

1914,36;

In

the

Second Intermediate to the dig

Period Middle

the

most common practice Kingdom-type shaft-tombs forms the but of Middle

seems

to

have been to continue 1914,54-55), developed. but The in first plus

(Peet were

Eighteenth of these

Dynasty retained

new

tombs

Kingdom and with which

shaft-and-chamber unified it by having

offering-chapel

format, resembling chapels, chamber

elaborated temple, of

a superstucture and inner roofed to the 1902, no of

a minature the latter

an open forecourt contained the shaft

leading

burial

(Spencer A'09 was chamber is

1979,46; seems to by of

e. g. Mace and Randall-Maclver have been of Garstang these the this stone type;

pl. XXV).

Tomb 1043

although

superstructure the burial

recorded typical

portcullis-door

tombs

(Macehnd Randall-Maclver form retain its of

1902,70). tomb during the to the Eighteenth Late Dynasty, Period, was

The most characteristic , and one which was to

pre-eminence

98
brick-vaulted parts The serious the tomb in limitations the unstable chamber the of

the

pit. of

on

the

size gravel other

of of

the the than The

subterranean

sandy

Abydos cemeteries minimal solution chambers tops to Loat of size could

meant that not was to

a burial on

anything

be built excavate

shaft-and-chamber pit then in be which vaulted

model.

adopted

a large would only shaft their

mud-brick with the access Peet and

were constructed. the roofs of the

The pit chambers

filled-in, ground-level; tombs after see the

just (for

below these

the

tomb was gained Spencer

by a short 1979,45;

1913,29; is

development The most at

Eighteenth and best

Dynasty preserved 941-949

traced of these

in Peet

1914,90-91). be excavated s. v. ).

elaborate is the

tombs to plan below,

Abydos

complex

A'09

(see

5.4.3

The Use of

the

Cemeteries

at

Abydos - the Middle

Kingdom

to

the

New Kingdom

It

was during site; it

the Middle is

Kingdom to of

that see

Abydos became best the way of the that

known the

as

funerary developed the Middle

tempting function

cemetery cult. By

as a direct Kingdom because it

the

rituals had for

Osiris been use, of

the

Eastern

Ridge full

already further

abandoned, the Middle

possibly Middle Kingdom

had become too

although the

Cemetery (Petrie

seems to have accomodated 1902,34). placed processional burial the Middle site Probably as

some burials of the desire

because close as to

to have one's the in side Osiris the of Umm the

tomb/offering-chapel cult-temple el-Qa'ab, Great for and the the major Most of the

possible god's

to tomb

route

the

was moved to the Cemetery from

northern

Wadi.

North

seems to have been the temenos wall of

appropriated the Osiris

use during

Kingdom,

99/"

Temple,

across

the

eastern Peet's

portion

of

the 'S'

North Peet -

Cemetery 1914,30-47), of the

(Mariette's to the

"Necropole edge of the

du Nord"; Great

Cemetery the [local]

Wadi to 'E' ff. this

south-west 1901;

Shunet

ez-Zebib of 1907 for 'K', (Peet

(Garstang's

Cemetery

Garstang ). Middle preferred

Garstang's dates namely are

excavation also

see tombs 300 A'07 tombs well 'L' 'N' and away from (Peet

Kingdom area,

cited

Peet's

Cemeteries 'D'

1914,54

22 on fig. 2). might

2) and Peet's

Cemetery

1913,23-28; A rough [local] Kingdom,

1914,23 chronological of the those

26 on fig. division Shunet to the

date and for

most of

the

tombs to the

to

the

east while

ez-Zebib west are,

Middle the

Fort

Middle of the 'E',

most part,

those

Second Intermediate

Period/New

Kingdom

(e. g. Garstang's

Cemetery

Garstang

1901

Mace and
1902; Peet

Randall-Maclver's
Cemetery 'C', 'R', Ibid., Peet

Cemetery
1914,61; 68; Ibid.,

'D',
Peet's Peet's 61-62;

Mace and
Cemetery Cemetery Peet's 1908). et al

Randall-Maclver 'F', 'B', Ibid., Ibid., 73; xiv,

Peet's 54ff;

Cemetery Peet's Ibid., rule 'A'

xiv, V.

Cemetery 62-63;

Cemeteries Reversals 1904,8), 'G' (Ibid., of

'W' and 'Z', of this Peet's 54), general

Garstang's

excavations 'V'

of

are Ayrton's (Peet are but

Cemetery and of lie to

(Ayrton Peet's

Cemetery all

1914,70-72) examples

Cemetery containing west of

of which Kingdom,

cemeteries the [local]

tombs the

the Middle Fort.

which

all

Middle

During areas

the

New Kingdom, burial

beginning

in

the

Eighteenth

Dynasty, edge of the

the North Ridge

used for

began to

diversify.

The western and

Cemetery

was used throughout

the

New Kingdom, because Other apart

the

Eastern of

began to be used once more, tombs there this period

possibly

any indication areas as in Peet's which

earlier tombs of 'D'

had now become sanded-up. have been excavated as far

Cemetery

9114
(Peet in and Loat, 1913,29), Cemetery, brick in the Peet's Petrie's vaults plain (XI Cemetery Cemetery without between on Mariette the 'B' (Peet 'G' 1914,72-73) (Petrie and,

the Middle

1902,34). in his

Mariette "Necropole II to

reported du Sud",

superstructures cenotaph-temple p1.1). is

of Rameses these he The for Third one

and the Middle the Nineteenth that there gained during

Cemetery Dynasty,

1869,

He dated unclear

although found whole

how he did in of and was since period, a

this

since

states

was nothing is the that New that the the

them (Mariette the it necropolis was return Mace to (Leahy only to and the

1880; 1 40). was available in the

impression burial

Kingdom, there

Intermediate particular Cemetery exclusion part 'D' of

Period of

patronising Randall-Maclver's almost

cemeteries, during of the this

was used other parts

complete n. 121).

Necropolis

1975,280,

100

CHAPTER 6

THE 'LATE OLD KINGDOM' IN THE ABYDOS CEMETERIES

6.1

Mortuary

Assemblages

as Archaeological

Samples

Archaeological vary can in several

material respects; regional variations between

recovered different variation within

from

graves (or

of

cemetery 'styles' of

sites

may

objects

objects)

reflect

between

different

cemeteries, range within of of a an

chronological variations single

a single and

cemetery, of

and a whole individuals consists

individuals any one time. the in

groups

cemetery to /is

at

The present

section with

introduction data, validity such as of

some of

problems the

connected two

archaeological and the

discussed data

following of material

chapters,

this

as a sample

culture.

In

a review

of

the

dating from

methods dynastic

which

have

been points to

applied out

to the

archaeological difficulties -absolute those

material in relating (i. e. in This after of the

Egypt,

Lilyquist

specific reign(s) of

object-types specific from

Egyptologically as sites some well (Lilyquist 70 Naville chronological years set as

dates

the

king(s)) different

encountered

comparing point working primacy

material had in

1979,103-123). previously forward his when, view

already the of

been

made

cemeteries geographical

at Abydos, over

101
(e. g. Naville to other facets

variation can also

in

pottery

styles to apply

1914,

xi-xii);

his culture:

comments

be taken

of material

"Unless to the contrary, known there is proof positive an object different to be of the IVth Dynasty at Memphis may be of a very dynasty comes to the throne Because another date at Aswan.... at Memphis or Thebes, what reason is there why a woman in a village and the pots in which she should change the beads of her necklace her food? " (Naville_1910,5) prepares He also culture largely the for background homogeneity in in

argued (certainly because

a general as far

of

material Egypt, throughout

as pottery of

was concerned) geography

dynastic

of

similarities 1914,10).

and 'lifestyle' this more Egypt would

land

(Naville

However, to be a rather parts sites) rates is of

seem

to situation.

be

over-simplifying The extent mortuary to material

what appears which from at different cemetery

complex (as

represented in 'style' for

by of

absorbed rather

changes problematic,

objects/practices at Qau where

different

example

D. VI-X the until popular so-called material remained fashion, Second Intermediate Period material came into so-called forms Middle Kingdom at other a few of the so-called with only 1979,140) being imported or copied. " (Lilyquist sites It in background factors, or differed material emphasis. on the

"the

seems that, intensity

within

a generally on various regional 'tastes' variation the the

uniform external variants,

which Egyptian

depending

culture Besides part of

had a number of being the

shifts

in

based on local consumer, to do this with

or subjective may have had at mechanics uniformity

preferences least of of

as much, and and styles of

possibly exchange. throughout

more, For

actual general

production pottery

example, during regional

Egypt

the Old Kingdom and the styles of has been linked the royal

subsequent (e. g.

emergence

more pronounced 51,55) to the

Bourriau or

1981;

destruction

ateliers

centralised

102
factories ceramics, the in which (at Memphis had supply wares the First for

the

area,

which to fine in

produced the was ceramic

standardised needs of The Period,

were then least as

distributed far as

populace

concerned).

suspension and with meant styles. that it

of centralised the far centralised greater

government facilities

Intermediate

production on the

and distribution, of local

emphasis

was placed

development

The statistical distorted ceramic making

methods

of

archaeological of of the the data

recovery also A play telling

of a

material part in

and creating is that even and

the a of when

weighting impression vessels. what they It All

evidence. have an

example 'style',

potters to

individual pots

consider is also

be similar that domestic amplified almost were

(Nicholson pottery' (Bourriau rates,

Patterson from 60). in his

1985,234-235). those vessels of

likely for

'mortuary needs by survival certainly and

differs Ibid., for large

produced this type

Differences lifetime, of pottery from

are

an average vessels, these

Egyptian as they

'consumed' discarded. in

numbers the which

broken were

Because a way

sherds

domestic

breakages

discarded

makes their unlikely, of refuse

recovery unattractive see Dixon Egypt

and quantification and extremely 1972), has been only

from time

archaeological (for of

excavations the disposal pottery in ideal 100% in shape all his is the

consuming

a small

proportion and

domestic Even

from

Ancient

recovered (no

recorded.

archaeological recovery lifetime relatively intact condition. rate), which

conditions the is

post-depositional used have by a an

disturbance, individual

amount of intact

pottery to

enough under

recognisable conditions study in

small. pottery If

Conversely,

these

same ideal for to

placed mortuary

in a tomb is pottery is

available different

pristine then

domestic

pottery,

103

these

differences

may not if the

be

fully there

detected were potters likely

because who at

of

unconscious in Abydos could of

sample-bias. producing with

Moreover, pottery for

specialised like whom

tomb (especially industries

a site

specialised a very in the

mortuary large

see below), every then the year

each of with

produce survival significant and,

number of vessels record,

a high

chance

archaeological

one man's pottery of of

work could a given

have a cemetery

influence

on how one views region. these

by extension, - although survival for effect the

The same may be true would in a (one imagines)

producers tend

of to

stone have a the have

vessels higher production a great

naturally than would

rate

domestic

context craftsman

ceramics, likewise

tomb by an individual surviving data.

on the

The best 'funeral stelae stelae. 235; for

attested

examples at Abydos

of

individual are those

workmen craftsmen their (for

employed who

in

the

industry'

manufactured of these 1947, do of not the

tombs/cenotaphs,

and who left of craftsmen appear

names on some these see where

The names and titles Ward 1982, belong

Wilson they

s. v. ) occasionally with the

on stelae is

obviously stela 1938; result inscribe

family-group the

which

the main subject themselves, that services good this if

(unlike Faulkner

stelae 1952).

commemorating Leprohon offering on a

sculptors suggests on his A in

e. g. Dakin was allowed of the to this

(1978,36) a discount stela.

of a craftsman his name

client's

example

phenomenon was found p1.30) (which and later is of

at Abydos

by Petrie by Miller type

1902-3

(Griffith On the are

1903,43, this late attested of edge stela Middle three stelae of the

re-published the 'false-door'

(Miller popular

1937). in there the

Kingdom/post individuals at Abydos.

Amenemhat II

Pflger -

1947,128) in

who seem to have been employed The most prominent (appearing

production

on the

left-hand

104
im3hw

stela

as,

appropriately (s9

enough, dwt)

hr

Pth) on the front

is of

the the the

"outline-draughtsman" stela is the "sculptor" sculptor" not the

Sehetepibreseneb; while

( nwt ) Ankhtify, (taw only s'nb

on the

back we find

"journeyman These are the s5 kdwt

Ward 1980,172) of reign Iah on this of practice

Seneb. one III might cite;

examples from the

on a stela pl. 1); Abydos

Amenemhat another Late

(Spiegelberg Middle a Egypt a Kingdom s9 Snb kdwt sw in 1984,

1896,1-2, stela from

a gnwty

called

now in Toulouse of the Treasurer ANOC 25); pl. 45; there is the reign are

(Ramond 1977,13, of the King called II

p1.3); of Upper Ibi ?on

S3-Sobek m-' i

on a stela (Simpson (Boeser

1974, 1909,

a s9 kdwt of

stela

Leiden 368,

Sobekhotep

see Franke

No. 622). less

Doubtless certain

many other these

examples. can be definitely site from on

What is said where stelae, possible to

whether stelae at

craftsmen

be producing

Abydos or at The nature of

some the

other

they

were brought with detect terms

to Abydos. of

inscriptions it is

often to

self-reference, a particular imported. stela The

means that is best a

sometimes of local is and to

whether been

product of

manufacturers probably the

or has stela

example under that

this III sent

of Nebipusenwosret 1935). of latter the This Senior had visited the

who lived stela records

Senwosret it of to was the

Amenemhat III Abydos in the

(Blackman care the

Lector the practice

Priest capital of

Abydene a a

priesthood, jubilee stela believes "dropped inspection (Budge of

after the

celebrate

king. is

How common difficult

sending/bringing Leprohon II) tour

to Abydos that off"

to say and may be overestimated; (floruit returning in the it of text was the Amenemhat from of not a this

the

stela

of Khentyemsemyt 1978,30) There to is while nothing

was of stela

(Leprohon

in Upper 1912,3-7, at

Egypt. p1.9)

confirm

that

actually and

commissioned

Abydos.

Attribution

studies

hieroglyph-

105
the may be fruitful or for even

relief-carving particular 1974,4 produced

of 'schools'

stelae

in

identifying

the (cf. a stela

work of Simpson being

of craftsmen, may be confused, by a sculptor

individuals by

n. 25),

but

instance, elsewhere

at Abydos

trained

(Faulkner

1952).

There stelae the (Peet

is for

less the

evidence tombs at

for

craftsmen Peet

who provided believed that

objects he had

other

than

Abydos. on 88-89),

identified tombs of

hand of a coffin-painter 1914,60, are below ceramic in figs.

examples but

from objects (e. g.

three

separate terms

without the

self-reference discussed that the

rather Chapter 7).

problematic

K3-statuettes suggest that the our

Kemp and Merrillees 416 A'07 might

(1980,170) indicate

material came from

from the

tomb-owner(s) understanding material other below. of than Only

Memphis/Faiyum

region, in

although archaeological

of

regional/chronological Middle of Kingdom tenuous is too

variation imperfect

the Late the the with

to allow those

anything proposed

proposal close definitely

hypotheses, of

such as

comparison associated about mortuary

well-understood stelae (providing would

archaeological chronological allow one to

assemblages

and topographic determine buried to equip with his whether his

information a given local

the

tomb-owner)

assemblage

was that

of a non-Abydene resident parts who chose of Egypt.

products, objects

or that 'imported'

of an Abydos from other

tomb with

6.2 The 'Late

Old Kingdom'

Horizon

in Middle/Upper

Egypt

The term applied admittedly

'Late to a loose

Old Kingdom' coherent

is

used here

not

as

descriptive unit, but is

label an

chronological/political describes a roughly

term which

homogenous

(although

106
ou

u 12

=o

(c)
(A) (B) (C) 'Late 'Late 'Late Old Kingdom' Old Kingdom' Old Kingdom' pottery pottery stone Southern Northern vessel types Egyptian Egyptian types types

Figure

12:

'Late

Old Kingdom'

vessel

types

(after

Arnold

1977,

fig.

2)

gradually (or late

changing) 5th) types the to Dynasty from label 8th to

archaeological to this "Late or 9th form the First

horizon

from

approximately Period Lilyquist period Dynasty (for

the the (1979,3),

6th main

Intermediate see fig. to the 12). the

vessels ascribes Dynasty with the

period Old

Kingdom" while Middle

from is

the

6th

the 11th in

Dynasty, "Early particular

10th

combined she has

Kingdom". ranges for

However, material vases, The

reservations the 'Late

specifying

date as

within flare present can a

Old Kingdom' button Brunton

horizon, seals, etc.

such

collar-necked 1979,11). that while it

necked author have a

vases, follows

(Lilyquist in accepting

(1927,53) wide

an object often has

relatively

date-range,

nevertheless

107
in for a

particular occurrences vessels at

period fall Qau).

of (e. g.

popularity see below

which

great of

majority collar-necked

of

discussion

In order material aspects chosen ed-Der of of for

to recognise this different examination period

the at

peculiar Abydos, at it this

features is useful time, the

of

the

archaeological the salient Those of Naga

to examine as a

cemeteries in this

'control'. sites

manner are

cemetery

and Qau el-Kebir.

6.2.1

Naga ed-Der

Perhaps of the

the 'Late

most thorough Old Kingdom'

excavation is the work

and publication

of

a cemetery at Naga (c.

site ed-Der to

of George Reisner to Abydos

(Reisner the north)

1932).

The proximity

of Naga ed-Der set with

20 miles the cultural

provides from Abydos.

a good data The datings

which follow detail

to compare are the by (O'Connor

material which,

which in

excavator's Lilyquist

own (1979,

although

recently

challenged good in general for

120-122), What follows

seem to hold is the

terms

1975,22-23). V and VI".

repertoire

Reisner's

"Dynasties

Position

of

the is

body usually North, i. e. the extended/partially and partially local East extended. contracted (Reisner bodies The head is

The corpse usually faces to to the the

local

have

their

left,

1932,16).

Tomb-types

and coffins tombs are long is commonly side found, of the with with the chamber shaft of at the

Shaft-and-chamber foot of either ). the

or short often short,

rectangular a wall

(Ibid.,

266 ff.

The chamber are generally

closed-off

mud-bricks. and

The shafts

when compared

to Abydene

examples,

108

(All vessels are of alabaster, "white and black granite")

except

for

600/11

which

is

of

Figure

13: Naga ed-Der

Tomb 600 (after

Reisner

1932,272-273,

fig.

249)

109
seems to be no evidence No superstructures took to be mud-brick of the shafts for lining

there bricks. Reisner that simple usually tall. Objects

the except over the

top for

of

the

shaft of

with what

were found, mastabas indicated

a few traces and he

shafts, each shaft

thought

the

spacing

that it

may have had a The body comparatively is

mastaba-like wrapped in

superstructure linen and coffins,

around

(Ibid., found,

189). are

where

The pottery the polished (Ibid., (Ibid., Ibid., -

from

this

cemetery red Stamp-

was very vessels

poor and scarce, in the

with Dynasty ),

none of V-VI debased and found were "large to the

"sealing-wax" 88-97). 141. ff), 142ff. nor 162). in

represented

corpus amulets rings (Ibid., found bivalve" the stone IVth ,

and button-seals (especially No

(Ibid., cylinders, copper 2 horns in

108ff.

and beads all

barrels, are bovids one

) are animal

common.

hoards of only a tomb

158-159), Ibid.,

bones (although shells cemetery, "Collar-neck" fig. 23; 62, are

No "spatha" the whole 157). 57,

found

was found Dynasty

and that types fig. 25).

dated in

(Ibid., (Ibid.,

predominate

vessel

corpus

One of contents,

the is

more intact illustrated

tombs in

from

Naga 13.

ed-Der,

together

with

its

figure

6.2.2

Qau el-Kebir

The other

major

cemetery

excavation (Brunton

in Middle/Upper Brunton's V, IX-XI) Dynasties

Egypt dating V-VI,

is of

Brunton's his five VI,

work at Qau and Badari major chronological VII-VIII,

1927).

groups

(Dynasty

Dynasty

Dynasties

and Dynasties

has been confirmed

by O'Connor

110
(1975,24) at least and has been provisionally as a sequence, if not in

accepted terms

by the

present

writer,

of absolute

dating.

Position There of cases

of is

the

body variety" to the north of attitude, and the but face in to the the vast east majority (Brunton

"striking a head is

the

1927,49, Tomb-types

p1.25). and coffins at Qau are nature the brick is not often of the is difficult soil "very in to which sandy" determine they are because dug", 43). round of while In the over the in such top the

Tomb-types "loose some gravelly places

ground

(Ibid., stretchers)

circumstances of the shaft

reinforcement surprising. In all

(plastered No apparent of these

superstructures Old

shafts graves feet is east all found

were noted. are the

sub-periods

the Late can be with replaced

Kingdom up to the

simple to 14 west to the in

most common, although 11). In Dynasty popular and IX-XI. no chambers the

anything chamber

deep (Ibid., common, but in

VI a shaft and is Single at

becomes less VII-VIII are

by a chamber are levels cemetery of the

Dynasties

chambers

norm "as made

periods

and there

different of the nature

often such it

at Abydos.

Probably

spaciousness 45), or to

crowding impossible. there white linen, this

unnecessary" Coffins

(Ibid., are difficult

perhaps recognise

ground of the

made

because the

damp, but of in make

does not ants there difficult

seem to have been any damage through 1927,46). of Probably this, all again the the

activities were wrapped conditions

(Brunton are

bodies damp

some traces

to ascertain.

Objects Brunton but almost puts the date half of of the the collar-vases recovered from examples Dynasties (74 out IV to of 150) IX-X, date

exactly

111
to Dynasty The spread Early Middle VI, but (Brunton the 4th

and all

one are of these

of

alabaster from

1927,53-54). Dynasty to the to the

of occurrences

vessels

Kingdom has been noted for dating to that (she

by Lilyquist, dates at least -

who seems some of Lilyquist come to with

reject examples 1979,8

them as a criterion found

at Qau and Dendera but the fact

the Middle the majority

Kingdom

n. 77,105), Dynasty/First accepted

of examples has (albeit led

from

6th being

Intermediate

Period of such

contexts a date

their some

as an indication

slight fig. 2).

reservations) None of being the

by most authorities collar-vessels for fastening rims upper with and flat rims and at

(e. g. Arnold Qau were provided with bottoms pointed fabric are

1977,488-490, with lids, their

shape with those

designed lower

and generally

cord.

Examples than

projecting with

earlier (Brunton (1)

projecting

bottoms (cf.

1927,53). ) do not

Collar-vessels continue into

integral

ring-stands

736 A'09 ). (Ibid. dates cube.

the First

Intermediate were

Period found of a9

A number of wooden boxes period, "toilet In the 60). "Spatha" examples, traces graves period while (Ibid., of shells but were found with outfit, the average spare example rule that

whose inch

span These

the

whole

dimensions

contained 60). to

beads and amulets, (c. 17 inches mirrors long)

and knick-knacks" was a mirror, in front of an the

(Ibid., exception face

one large general

were found

(Ibid.,

in

thirty-four numbers up and

graves, to three at and

usually Four

as

single

occasionally (i. e. black

in

seven. were the V-VI

contained in of the the them, IX-XI)

galena

pigment),

found

of men. These shells (7.2% of they the graves

were most popular of Dynasties graves of V the

beginning contained Dynasties

declined

to 0.9% in

period

64-65). beef were not uncommon as offerings, but in only one case was

Legs of

112

an example

found

on the 67).

coffin,

the

provision

of a in

dish a

of very

meat

was

more common (Ibid., tomb of the range

Two bucrania IV-V (Ibid.

were found ).

plundered

Dynasties

Most headrests examples ceramic survive (Dynasties

seem to have been of wood, in alabaster VI-X), (Dynasties 62). by Brunton

now rotted

away,

but

some and

VII-VIII)

and in

limestone

(Ibid.,

The pottery by O'Connor of Brunton

corpus (1975,26),

described

(1928,3-5) the of

has been analysed general pottery conclusions types; V, but often e. g.

whose results to the

confirm

with

regard

life-spans were popular

Meidum-style found tombs from

red-polished Dynasty VI;

bowls "flare9-10" Dynasty

in Dynasty are most

few were found in

mouthed (Brunton V, but

66's"

of his are 72). VI,

"Dynasties rare Seals for

1927,73). common in emerging true the rest of the V, period popular begin

Amulets (Ibid., in in

show pyramidal Dynasty

forms VII:

in Dynasty with (Ibid.,

Dynasty Dynasty

and end in

buttons VII-VIII

a shank 73)

VI and are

common in

Dynasties

Various demonstrate objects in

combinations the

of

different in

object assigning

types firm One

in

the

tombs to cite VI

at

Qau the 733

difficulties tombs

dates might

either tomb -

them or the jars with

themselves.

(funnel-mouth p1.44), Dynasty with

collar-vessels, jars with

dated

to Dynasty

Ibid., to pot

tomb 696 (funnel-mouth VI - Ibid., p1.44), dated

debased

amulets,

dated

or tomb 1018 to Dynasties

("sealing-wax" VII-VIII Ibid., -

enclosed p1.45).

collar-vessels,

113

4". 3.1 The 'Late Eastern Ridge

Old Kingdom'

Horizon

at

Abydos

Excavations

on

the

As has already have carried yielded Abydos. the

been discussed out soundings

(see

above

pp. 15-18), Ridge, an

several area

excavators which has from has

on the Eastern of of 'Late

greatest

concentration repertoire the publications (1923), Peet

Old Kingdom' of

material tombs

The following from

the

features

these out there

been compiled and Loat reports these

of work carried (1914), the

by Ayrton Their of

(1909), all

Loat

and Frankfort distinguis ng

(1930). features

closely which

agree are

on what are -

tombs,

as follows:

(A) (1) top to (2)

Tombs The square of the shaft in shaft is is lined between with 4 and 11 feet mud-bricks, in depth; vary sometimes from one the course

which

3 feet

depth. at the bottom is of the shaft is just often big enough with [local] for the

A chamber

coffin. (3) of

The chamber

usually

rough,

and is almost

sealed to the

bricks. south

Each shaft the shaft,

has a single

chamber,

always

and each chamber

contains

a single

interment.

(B) (1) plain

Body and Coffin The body is but in placed poor in a small, oblong, wooden coffin, bear traces said of to be

very

condition.

Some examples

white

stucco. (2) The corpse almost local on the pelvis, always north), chest lies on its left with by the side, knees sides, the slightly head to the The with there

north-west arms are

(i. e. crossed

extended or laid Loat

bent.

occasionally maintains that

one hand on the

although

(1923,162)

114
is hand corpse However,

no particular of the

position.

detailed since due to the the

studies body tilting had

of

the often

position shifted coffin

may be irrelevant, the the coffin, grave. probably

to one end of to get it into

of

the

(C) - Contents These other are generally few in divides number. the Ayrton (but into goods, women. of not Loat or any of the

excavators) thought

grave-goods grave of

sexes, so No this any

possibly of the

because better of the

women were graves skeletal have least (e. g.

to have richer be those the

were assumed to material

examination hypothesis here

to determine out. This

validity

seems to because at

been carried some of the the

division is likely 1976). found.

has been retained to All act as a

material

gender-identifier agree on the types

staffs, of

see Hassan the objects

authorities

frequency and

Women (1) (2) Copper mirror. Often example of a flat this block type of wood with Others (for a a hollow at

Wooden headrest/pillow. one limestone

one end; with types (3) near Like their (4)

was found.

"cut were range of

two slender see Loat Alabaster the small head. fine

wooden legs" 1923,161, fig.

and the 2).

'pillar'-type

vessels

were the

most common find outside there the are

and were usually coffin examples or of on its

placed lid. having

They could ware pottery

be loose vessels

them

own wooden box. Pottery vessels, in modest numbers.

115
Men (1) (2) (3) (4) small strainer further (Loat Wooden headrest/pillow Long wooden staff, Pottery vessels caches of copper of: objects, one dish, other i. e. one "a bowl, the of collection a lid, was of one a sometimes with a copper head

Exceptionally, copper objects

consisting knives. copper

and two palette collection 1923,163; of

At the

end [of

grave] chisels

articles, 1930,217)

consisting

" etc.

Frankfort

Unsexed (1) Leg-bones of oxen placed on the coffin-lid, over the feet of the

corpse (2) Pottery vessels specified as being of "white" [marl? ] ware,

polished

red ware

(3)

"Clam",

"Nile

Oyster",

or "Spatha"

shells

as cosmetic

dishes

(4) Wooden combs

(5) Beads

Ayrton excavated these

and Loat's by them,

description F. 65, is

of probably

one the

of

the

more we worth

intact have of

burials one in full: of

fullest and is

'Late

Old Kingdom'

tombs at

Abydos,

quoting

F. 65 is a very good type of these burials. (a The skeleton woman) lay on the left side, with head to the north-west, arms at Under drawn up. left the sides, the temple and knees slightly Before face the were the remains of a wooden pillow. stood a large alabaster vase, behind the head was a flat red pottery vase and at the back of the neck a small with handles, red polished pottery vase. Before the breast lay a large copper mirror with a lotiform behind the knees was a large wooden handle, polished red pottery Round the vase and a copper needle. neck were two strings of beads, one with a large green glazed steatite bead in carnelian the centre, button a steatite and the other supporting seal with

"Grave

116
the figure of a hornet cut on the face. On the lid of the coffin, over the knees, was placed a small the outside the vase, and against of the red pottery at coffin feet leant a large globular vase of rough pottery, over the mouth bowl with polished red pottery was placed an inverted of which a " (Ayrton and Loat 1C , 3) spout. One of the better tombs to vessels figure be excavated recovered 14, where on the from they Eastern tomb Ridge by Peet 1914, types

was R. 19. The ceramic pl. XXXII) listed in are shown in

this are

(Peet with

identified

Garstang's

Late

Old Kingdom

corpus.

Garstang = Type 172

Garstang = Type 167

Garstang = Type 160

= Garstang Type 164

Figure

14:

Pottery

shapes

from

R. 19

and

their

Garstang/Abydos

equivalents

117
(D) Superstructure -

There tombs of dating location typical of the

is

very

little

evidence at Abydos,

for

superstructures the survival to

associated of Abydene their that to a 1962,8 in some kind

with stelae

this

period the Late some sort

although

from in of 8th

Old Kingdom must bear witness of the structure. period from Fischer the believes

original the the form end

stelae Dynasty

of

end of rather

6th Dynasty tall with

at Abydos is derived which

(generally from the

vestigal n. 15; of

cavetto Brovarski

cornice)

false at its

door

(Fischer

1973,459),

may hint

placement

superstucture. The only superstructure Peet and found possible is example the small, of a stela solid 'E' found in-situ mastaba 1914,20). Her-Ib' within any sort 416 of by

mud-brick (Peet

numbered This (now

by him in

Cemetery 'Sole 1922, date the from is

mastaba B. M. 1574; as an

contained Peet Ibid.,

a stela 126,

naming the fig. 84; Hall

Companion, p1.21) for stela an the

and was taken mastaba built and its into

by Peet

indication associated) face-inwards, possibility, date the

of a Sixth shaft, its while shafts but

Dynasty since

(supposedly the is with a mastaba strong which to

was earlier

re-use there the

structure evidence

no clear

independent

near

mastaba.

6.3.2

The

'Late

Old Excavations

Kingdom'

at

Abydos

Evidence

from

the

Carstang/Abydos

The material 1909 is worked closely there

recovered

by Garstang with that him.

in

his found

Eastern by other of

Ridge

excavations

of who

comparable before

archaeologists graves, and

and after

The forms

the

the

118
disposition Ayrton

of

the

corpse Cemetery

within 'F'

the

tomb,

are

the

same as 'R'

those

from (e. g. of the

and Loat's

and Peet's

Cemeteries

'T' and all

see Plates object-types at

40 and 48 of listed in

tombs 748 A'09 the repertoire in the

and 966 A'09). for the 'Late for

Nearly

Old Kingdom' 1909, see either 747

tombs as A'09

Abydos are

represented of the

tomb-register objects

retained for

specimens 'hoard';

more remarkable for the

(e. g. of

a copper

passim

profusion

alabaster of

vessels,

especially types (cf.

collar-necked Figure of 14). the

forms)

or as noted

examples

pottery-corpus

The pottery and carefully the latter

period

varies

considerably, to the roughest

from of

very

well

made In the Peet were of

finished category pots' listed fall

fine-wares, the most

rough-wares. types, which which lining typically

commonly Garstang's clay full

found typology, of grit" in

vessel and and brick most

'cylinder refers

as 172 in "dirty

to as being built (Peet

made of into

"occasionally the shafts"

the

uppermost The a thick,

courses fine highly

the are

1914,79). with

wares polished

represented slip,

by vessels enclosed

red types

'sealing-wax' 150-155 the slip and

including

forms of

(e. g. Garstang generally bowls with

pottery associated thick p1.31,4;

161-163), Dynasty referred 52-53 found 1914, in

and also the

a type the

vessel

with red

Sixth often 1981;

north,

carinated (Petrie

to as 'Meidum Ware' No. 87). in the The type Eastern Further is

1892,35,

Bourriau

number

158 in

Carstang's (e. g. type by Legge

listing in of in tomb vessel the

and was also T. 53, from Peet the

Ridge

cemetery on

by Peet this

p1.32).

information

Garstang/Abydos book of the in with

excavations Pitt figure Rivers 15.

was recorded Museum, The vessel polished bottom of

accessions the bowl silt a

Oxford, is slip the of of

accompanying a red

illustrated fabric,

reddish-yellow 10 R 5/8, -

a thick, spiral

heavily at the

and has

lightly-incised

interior.

119

Legge's

comments read:

"Bowl found inverted body over the stomach of an interred male (several These bowls position). contain were found in a similar leg-bones but in some cases the entire of oxen are nothing, also laid the body. " upon

Figure

15: The Pitt

Rivers

bowl

6.3.3

Peet's

Cemetery

'E'

"It that in seems clear tomb was from the short of the sides or under a chamber at the north or Peet Dynasty surmise with links to decline into

Abydos, at least, the the development of any cut recess under shaft, with roughly to the long shaft corner, with a well-cut south end. " (Peet 1914,79) Eastern his Ridge 6th this 'E', notes

the the

of

the use of

cemetery 'E'. He in

in

the

coming

Cemetery forms of

supports Cemetery he

by citing longer

the more developed shafts

tombs

their

and better-formed

chambers.

However,

120
that stage, under the the tombs in are short, Cemetery almost 'E' square, . "the a

some of for

may

be

of have

transitional rough chamber none the of 6th

they the

and Therefore, to be

one of

longer 'E'

sides" are

(Ibid. likely earlier

he argues, earlier than to

tombs in Cemetery even though

Dynasty, there. However, occurs in

some of

the

types

of

tombs are

be found

some of

the material Ridge: pl. VII) for are

found instance, directly that the

in

Peet's the

Cemetery

'E'

also found 734 was type in from

on the

Eastern 1914,

beads and amulets to those from

E. 45 (Peet It

comparable Eastern the form 170,

A'09. used here

seems more than the First the

likely

Ridge

cemetery object

during being

Intermediate

Period,

diagnostic found illustrated with by

'funnel-mouthed Eastern

beer-jug' Ridge (type

Garstang examples other

several 775 A'09 is, it

tombs on the

and 779 A'09),

although uncertain.

their

association

objects

must be admitted, pl. XXXII) may also No. 92).

The jug of the

from Peet's 'beer-jug'

tomb R. 19 (Peet form (compare

1914, Bourriau It

be a variant

1981, ' 54, also Ridge or if unclear

is

whether and

the

perceived 'E' (the Factors

differences are due to

between chronological

the

Eastern changes areas change might tombs at the the

cemetery they reflect social

Cemetery other factors ? ). for

use of other in

different than

burial diachronic one the those reach

by different can be cited compare which base, the

groups

as explanations situation on the slope

differences Ridge

tomb-types; where than to

Eastern

itself, shafts

are

higher

up the

have much deeper depth horizontal

presumably needed

because

a greater the

was required chambers.

solid

strata

to excavate

121
6.3.4 The Dating 'Late Old Kingdom' Tombs at Abydos

of

the

Cemetery (Ayrton situation to the

F was first and Loat which 'floating' horizon

described and later

as dated to just

to the the

5th

and

6th (Loat

Dynasties 1923), a

1909) well

6th

Dynasty

reflects of

the

uncertainty which

of assigning comprise dating the

fixed 'Late in hard the

dates Old form

series at Abydos. referring tomb 913

objects Solid,

Kingdom' of by.

reliable

evidence is

inscriptions Frankfort's 1930,

to Kings contained

or known individuals a glazed this is plaque tomb is

to come Pepi by its I

naming said "a

(Frankfort excavator oblong amulets reference Frankfort's "badly

pl. XXXIV, 1).

Although it

to have been undisturbed, grave,... of without type" pots" (Ibid.,

recorded "two and and lined

as being a shell not

shallow and two a

containing 217),

beads, so does ceramic with

debased point for

provide types. slabs,

the more common stone deep tomb, sealings (Ibid.,

vessel limestone

tomb 918 was a but

plundered"

containing tools

Unas (Ibid., naming pl. XXXIII) but,

pl. XXXV) again, no

and a large vessel types.

number of copper

The most crucial Ridge is the cylinder to

piece seal date

of

dating from

evidence

to come

from

the This the

Eastern artefact Eastern tombs

Garstang's

tomb 913 A'09. by his him on

was used by Peet Ridge at of (Peet

the

tombs excavated to date

1914,76)

and by Brunton

square-shafted for the

Qau (Brunton the 'Late at but

1927,7),

and so has implications over a wider location area of than this

archaeology this seal single is now

Old Kingdom' Abydos. it is

simply cylinder -

cemetery unknown,

The present

known to have borne

an inscription:

"Enclosed in a panel, by a hawk, are the royal surmounted names: 'Mery-Ra, ' From the rest of the inscription Mery-Taui. it is seenthat the seal belonged to, or was made by, the royal sculptor, from. a similar known in history " who is already specimen. (Garstang 1909,127).

122
On the seal 401). from basis description an example seal Kaplony from

of

this with

has Asyut

compared (Kaplony is not, other clear

the

cylinder &

913 A'09 the any

1981,376 on available

However, of Its

cylinder great

from

913 A'09 in dating is the

evidence, material.

relevance Eastern

archaeological (it is said and had ,

location "in

on the the the

Ridge near -tomb

enough of

to have been found Garstang associated access it Ibid. ),

desert-edge of the

temple

Rameses II" it came Brunton Ibid.

but (if

form

from

which since

objects

any)

are

now unknown. records for of using

However, the it tomb

to Garstang's

now-missing

(Brunton the

may be that

he had good grounds

to date

Qau tombs.

Not Here, 1979); Abydos, horizon

far in

to

the

south

of Abydos lies tombs were

the

site

of by

Deir

en-Nawahid. (Asfour as at

1947,

a number of the

excavated (or with simple the

Asfour type, Old

they

were of

shaft-and-chamber associated tombs in (Asfour the (2),

shaft) 'Late number

and contained at Abydos. of

objects the

Kingdom'

One of

particular, 1979,5-6,

15, contained & V) 8 = Tomb which 708 15 who of 6th

a collection are A'09 also is

stone

vessels types in

figs. (e. g.

II fig.

well-represented (1), fig. II,

Abydos material fig.

II, ).

6 = 756 A'09

V, 5 = 769 A'09 inscribed a member Nome at for, of the

(1)

contained possibly

an alabaster to be

head-rest, with (Thinite)

an individual the end Deir an family of the

identified the 8th

Djau-Shemai, Dynasty (Davies Meir, Thus,

Nomarch of 1968,84)

(Fischer 1902). and also one might the rest

and the type reign

owner of is

a tomb at by (Hayes the

el-Gebrawi example fig. from 75). post

The head-rest dated to the

paralleled II

of Pepi object the

1953,121,

be able of the

to use this deposit

provide

a terminus

uem for

from

tomb.

The foregoing

review of the available

evidence

demonstrates

that

much

123
firm 'Late have now

work remains Old Kingdom' not likely the yielded to

to be done on establishing terial .., (nor, since closely problems from Abydos. the Ridge datable of this Since

dating

criteria Ridge are

for tombs they

the Eastern disappeared, the is best the

has now material, cemetery

yield)

hope for establishment material and out

resolving of of this a

chronological sequence excavated and a

pottery period 1981)

based on the from the

stratified in

domestic

Kom es-Sultan of

1979 (O'Connor carried

Lacovara on a

programme excavation

sequence-dating Ridge

well-documented Cemetery 'F').

on the Eastern

(e. g. Ayrton

and Loat's

64 Conclusions

on the

'Late

Old Kingdom'

Horizon

in Middle/Upper

Egypt

Reisner the

notes

the

cultural

disparity

in

the Late

Old Kingdom, on the

between the

Memphite

area

on one hand, especially to their re-used

and Middle/Upper the case in source:

Egypt of

other,

difference This being

being

marked in difference Fourth

stone

vase

types. vessels the

he attributes made from

the Memphite statues, of that the

Dynasty The vast

Royal majority assumes were these

while

southern vessels Hatnub Egypt,

ones come from Hatnub. are made of alabaster, produced but in the vases,

southern at over

and Reisner

workshops all

from where they Period

distributed workshops

the First at

Intermediate the end of

collapsed, in use for

and vessels a time

produced

the Old Kingdom continued

(Reisner

1932,70). provision certainly of alabaster very vessels in cemeteries does the of the

The profligate Late

Old Kingdom is

striking

and possibly quarries in

reflect of

the large-scale the Fourth

exploitation Dynasties

of the Hatnub (Simpson

period

to Sixth

1977,1043-1044).

However,

124
to Hatnub Moreover, in known from the First Period more would

expeditions (Ibid. .

are

also

Intermediate systems became area

even if

production Intermediate

and exchange Period,

regionalised not of necessarily the Wadi

the First be cut off

the Memphite supply since

from an alabaster

the

quarries (Dreyer at Hatnub at terms the of

Gerrawi Reisner's it

near Helwan were used in emphasis is

the Old

Kingdom

1986,1097). also

on vessel-producing that work

workshops carried out

seems curious;

probable with

quarries

was a seasonal rather 'northern' a of the 'Late

activity,

the work being

seen in

'expeditions' seem that vessels simple

than

an industrial

base (Shaw 1986). tradition apparent

Thus it in other the

would stone the

and 'southern' Old Kingdom' of raw material.

must be due to reasons

than

availability

Brunton of the

notes

that

this

disparity found

is

reflected

in

the not

pottery occur forms at

forms Qau,

period

- vessel-shapes Sedment is south

Sedment do at

probably there the did

because

near Herakleopolis "owing to the

and the

prevalent state of

not spread (Brunton liquid

disturbed

and hostile

country"

1927,75). jars that: -

He says of the

"The forms of these jars show a distinct and simple progression from the pointed high forms of Fifth Dynasty their the with Eleventh Ninth to the drop-shaped to shoulders types the of Dynasties. What influenced to this change it would be interesting (Ibid. discover"

A comparison Abydos authorities that Eighth Old the in the

with

the more tightly-dated Old Kingdom' is

palaeographic instructive.

evidence A number

from of

'Late

(e. g. Fischer period from the

1968,113ff; end of

Brovarski Dynasty

1973,464) to the the traditions end

maintain of of the the

the Sixth

Dynasty Kingdom

was a transitional proper, this and period those

phase between of the the

'Herakleopolitan' region

period.

Moreover,

within

of change,

of Abydos was itself

125
different

important absorbed:

in

the

way

that

palaeographic

practices

were

Old Kingdom following Thinite the the the nome years between areas immediately its pivotal to the status maintained (Fischer 1968,76-77) north and south of it" Schenkel Abydos further having south this than

"In

maintains affinities

that,

while to the

pivotal to the

role, north

showed greater 1962,124-130).

(Schenkel

The spheres evidence trade First objects foreign for at

of

influence

which

are

demonstrated

by the be

palaeographic in the the of on

the end of the Old Kingdom may also which seem to have developed show a albeit 1975). with There general at

reflected time. in

networks

that

Tombs of the value relied

Intermediate placed trade in

Period them,

increase

an absence were of also

of goods which limited the

(O'Connor

possibilities ceramic data

obtaining "at

goods from different least in the two distinct pottery types, types

parts pottery from

Egypt,

indicating

regions", Sedment and

a 'Herakleopolitan' Beni Hassan south 10). with from This ceramic First of and the

zone apparant narrow

shouldered/oval

and a 'Theban' types

zone stretching 1975 28, basis fig. of

Matmar with division evidence

globular/bag-shaped into reflects

(O'Connor halves

of Egypt clearly

two distinct the

on the situation of

the the

political

during the limits

Intermediate trading dominion.

Period,

presumably the

as a function regions of

networks

within

Herakleopolitan

Theban

As with spheres II's of

the

palaeographic (cf.

data the

and more overt of Tjetji, at This from Abydos

statements which asserts

of

shifting that Antef

influence boundary ),

stela

northern cit.

was established evidence

Lichtheim -

1973,90-93 that

& refs.

the ceramic

seems to indicate

126

the

region

acted

as the north.

cross-over

point

between but

the Theban possibly

south

and

Herakleopolitan accurate,

A somewhat simplistic, of the as archaeological evidence networks of

nonetheless would see in the the

interpretation beer-jugs' ambit end of the

evidence Abydos before its

'funnel-mouthed Herakleopolitan towards (attested 116-117). the in

being final Theban Schenkel

through

trade

capture forces 1965,

the First

Intermediate of Dmi:

Period Goedicke

by the 1960;

inscription

127

CHAPTER 7

PERIOD AT ABYDOS THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE

As the

material to to the

from the

the Late

Old

Kingdom in the

cemeteries period from

at the

Abydos Late

can Old

contribute Kingdom of

history

of Egypt of

beginning

the Middle

Kingdom by charting so the

the

spheres

influence

through unearthed

archaeological material which

material,

Garstang/Abydos of the site

excavations in the

can add to the

history

Second Intermediate

Period.

7.1

Archaeological

Material

of

the

Second

Intermediate

Period

from

Abydos

Throughout under

the

Second Intermediate The site of has

Period

Abydos

seems

to

have

been the

Theban control. there et al the

provided and the

material

attesting

activities (Trigger possibly

of kings 1983, of Figure

the Thirteenth 2.1), including Dynasty

Seventeenth transitional Sekhem! Re the first

Dynasties reigns of

last

the Thirteenth Beckerath kings both at

kings, and

Neferkhau of for the this and

Wepwawetemsaf Seventeenth latter Rahotep

(von

1965,262) of the

Dynasty are

leading Antef cit. as V ).

candidates (Ibid., Khendjer by

honour (Clare

attested

Abydos,

280-283)

1982,67-68, active Simpson at 1974,

n. 2 and refs. the site,

seems to have the in stelae 304 of A'07

been particularly Amenysonb (see

shown that

p1.81),

including

found

128
(Leahy

and 360 A'07,

and,

possibly,

by

the

so-called

'Osiris-Bed'

1977).

Archaeologically of major Egypt, types Asiatic 156). Egypt, temple Ibid., ambiguous shifting Egypt, in the disruption

there during

is

very the

little Second of in

evidence

to

indicate Period of

any in

sort Upper

Intermediate development Egypt

where is

a general

consistency sites

archaeological disruptive et al in from 1983, Upper the see produce of Period rooted Middle a

apparent, influences

unlike

northern

where

may be detected, 'Hyksos' kings 'carrier' (Ibid., the only do

as at Harageh seem being 159; to be

(Trigger attested blocks

The names of the least

portable at but

monumental for

of Hathor n. 2),

Gebelein although reflecting

smaller record of the

objects can iceberg'

archaeological the 'tip in is

evidence pattern of

political background

influence at Abydos types

Second clearly

Intermediate very firmly from

the

cultural

evolution models. the

of archaeological

which

developed

Kingdom During Middle the

period

there

seems to

be

gradual horizon, into by the

shift to the ceramic are one

from which

Late spans

Kingdom/Second

Intermediate Period is that

Period

Second Intermediate This Brunton horizon notes

and continues typified

reigns data, found

of as in from

the at the the

Tuthmosids. Qau where

best

'Middle forms Upper

Kingdom'

shapes

tombs as 'New Kingdom' same north juglets), reflected Egyptian is found but in in the the graves political development in

(Brunton Egypt of

1930,10). (such as is be

Material 'Tell at

el-Yahudieh' least partly Upper

autonomy of what

the

south to

seem

specifically

forms. typical are Second Intermediate the drop-shaped cups Period/Early (Garstang Eighteenth type 55) Dynasty

The most pottery

types

and carinated

129

jars, a. e

the

shapes

of which

are

analysed and

in Chapter they, identify

4. These vessel-types 6ether more local type of of with types vessel bowls other which at with

common

throughout material, this

Egypt

archaeological are found within

can be used to horizon.

A commonly-occuring Period decorated it is listed

Abydos incurving lines

during rims,

the

Second Intermediate latter being wash;

consists with as

the

horizontal types 34 &

incised 94 in but his the 1901, Abydos and Tell

and a band of white corpus.

Garstang's is found of

The type

does not sites, the too

seem to occur

in Lower (Quibell

Egypt 1898 to

on Upper Egyptian this form and of

such as el-Kab 'wavy-line'-decorated

dating Twelfth 125),

vessels Parva (Petrie at

Dynasty

seems far

early), pl. XIII).

Diospolis It

at Qau (Brunton and to the

1930,

has been found in Cemetery which Both at D

and dated

Second Intermediate 1902,

Period

(Mace

Randall-Maclver el-Yahudieh cemeteries of the

pl. 54 - Abydos D. 21 a grave and Cemetery W (Peet tract 1914). of

included

pottery) are North part

these the

individual side Second here the by most

of

the

extensive which was 5);

land

western the

Cemetery Period (see

appropriated in the graves 55 are

during excavated by far

Intermediate Garstang commonly

Chapter

during listed

1908, types.

pottery

types

34 and

7.2

Nubians

at

Abydos

in

the

Second Intermediate

Period

From the number of a series

western

portion

of

the

North

Cemetery

have

been

excavated set,

tombs which of graves

may be considered contained (or in graves Egypt

as a separate material of a

and distinct origin. proportion Kingdom to

which

Nubian large

The of New

known burials material

of Nubians origin)

containing from the

of Nubian

Middle

130

Kingdom

fall

into of

two major groups to their

categories. comprise graves which are referred shallow range in them, a of to as

The first 'Pan-graves', 'Pan-graves' (and, shell ceramic 'Pan-graves' excavated Diospolis

these due

characteristic by the objects and, list of

round, particular found especially, diagnostic

shape. Nubian such as

are

also

distinguished Egyptian) bucrania a full

to a lesser bracelets, tradition

extent, decorated (for

distinctive features has of been and

see Bietak at a number of Parva (Hu)

1966,63-64). sites in Egypt,

'Pan-grave' mostly

material between fig.

Mostagedda 5,

Bietak lists

(Ibid., Rifeh

64-65, (Petrie (see

following Mostagedda Balabish el-Chizem, 1952), Goneimiya

S5ve-Sdderbergh (Brunton (Wainwright Thebes ed-Deir (Garstang 'Pan-grave' Kahun: 1937),

1941,136-137) Qau (Brunton

1907), below), Ibid. Tod ) ,

1930), 1901), (Myers

Abydos Ballas(Rietak 1937,118), Edfu West

1920),

Hu (Petrie Armant

(Weigall (Weigall 1907), sites

1907),

(Barguet

1907), Zenigla in Egypt

Elkab and

(Ibid., Darau

(Ibid., 1907).

(Weigall

Other and 1 1981',

have been noted Bourriau (Lisht

by Kemp

(Hierakonpolis Bourriau 1983,170). people into there which is

Kemp 1977;., 291-292), (Qasr concensus

and Dashur: Trigger et al

27) and Trigger The general they Lower were, Nubia

el-Sagha of

and Karnak: on these

opinion

'Pan-grave'

that from as been tend from 1971).

"semi-nomadic some time

cattle after

breeders the 198r XII 30).

who drifted Dynasty and

Egypt served have people

mercenary carried to the

soldiers" out on the

(Bourriau physical

Those studies of is the

anthropology which

'Pan-grave'

identify

them as a population population

distinctively and C-group that were

different Jungwith and the indeed

C-group/Kerma also in

of Nubia

(Strouhal from the imply and

They are dwellers people

culturally the Western in the

dissimilar Desert: Eastern this

from

the

may

'Pan-grave' the Medja

originated

Desert

131
(Trigger 1983,170). has pointed bowls out with that while sherds of are taken of

people

et al

However, the

Kemp (1977,291-292) hand-made

distinctive

'Pan-grave'

incised this in

decoration be

by no means uncommon on sites as direct that ?) area. evidence It is of a large more likely

in Southern 'Pan-grave' that

Egypt, element

cannot the of in

population (semi-itinerant this part

specialised plied Kingdom in their

groups trade

'Pan-grave' from the

potters end of

effectively the Middle

of

Egypt,

(Bietak

1968,165). at Abydos by the of the occur these goods been

q+v

'Pan-grave' Pennsylvania-Yale site in

pottery

has been found

urban

contexts his 1976

expedition

and by Kemp in Examples (Peet of

survey also

(Kemp 1977,1290-291). graves in the cemeteries

'Pan-grave'

pottery

1914,67, avoided exceptions

p1.15). when making to this

Although up rule grave have

wares

seem to have been generally 292) at least two

(Kemp 1977;

excavated

at Tell

Edfu (Michaelowski

et al 1938,190, & 26B).

pottery from

pl. XXX,i;

-1939,

31 n. 2) and Esna (Downes 1974,31,26A

Further be found A'07 white possible in the examples of of the

'Pan-Grave'

Abydos

are From

to 422 and

records

Garstang/Abydos with a design

excavations. of white

came a black rim, a

polished type which IIa. 8

bowls

triangles dates to

(Bietak (circa. bowl is

1968,171,178) Seventeenth shown 478 A'08, the in Dynasty). Negative although

his

'Pan-grave' suspiciously supposedly not s. v.

phase

A A. 300,

further which is below

Nubian-looking illustrates as coming of these

objects from

from this

this

vessel (see

mentioned . Neither

tomb in

tomb-card

two vessels

has been traced.

The identity the

of

the

second

group

of Nubians Kingdom

present

in

Egypt

during They are

Second Intermediate

Period/New

seems less

certain.

132
distinctly more rarely however the site they from 'Pan-grave' record

different in the

the

people in

and are itself.

attested In

much Nubia

archaeological with arose

Egypt kingdom, at the region

are

identified which

the Kushite in Nubia

probably same in

based on as a

of Kerma, decline Period

time the

corresponding Intermediate Kushite under Ibid.,

in Egyptian (Trigger

power in

the An in of

Second to out

1976,87). campaigns the sacking

effective the region itself

terminus carried

hegemony was the military Tuthmosis 108). the most striking culture' red is the type I, resulting in

Kerma

(Trigger

Perhaps 'Kerma

of

artefact very

to fine,

be

produced highly these (1981L study

by

the

distinctive

polished, 'Classic 103), of the has (Lucas

black-topped Kerma' vessels

pottery,

known as 'Kerma Ware'. been published the in subject, the by

Two of Bourriau a recent of

have recently of

who gives technical

a bibliography processes

while

involved

coloration supercedes

Kerma

vessels studies

been attempted 1932). It out other is largely

by Hodges (1982)

which

earlier

the

presence to a

of Kerma Ware in 'Kushite' into to are

a grave in

which Egypt, as

marks

it

as probably factors

belonging may need to

buried consideration Egyptians

although graves

be taken belong Nubia

some

containing 'Kerma the with

Kerma Ware may graves in in

(Trigger pits is not

1976,87). in the the which case Kerma

culture' lie

rough, posture, in

rectangular but this For study

bodies all

a semi-contracted graves (although contents vessels copies, seem to

Kerma Ware-containing found at Saqqara the these

Egypt.

example, of the

Ware graves from

a recent of which are

examples

above Mastaba indicate

3507, that

Merrillees than

1968,27-28 'genuine' n. 1), (in the

- seem to Kerma-ware

much coarser et al in every

and may be local

see Trigger be Egyptian

1983,166 respect

Gurob and Dra Abu el-Naga

133
in a 'Rishi' to the Egyptian not the graves who case not the

latter of the

the

body was contained point an is - at

coffin).

Only

the of

presence either an Ware graves

Kerma Ware would Nubian, however, or

being'those had with intact acquired the grave

Egyptianised vessels. excavated This,

Kerma

'Nubian' 694 A'09.

by Garstang

any rate

Locations Garstang's 1914, '61-62, 'C' (Peet

at

Abydos where Kerma Ware sherds 'E' (Bourriau, 1981; 33),

have Peet's

been

found '0'

include (Peet

Cemetery p1.13; Ibid., 'D'

Cemetery , Peet's ),

Gratien 61;

1978,119; Ibid.;

Bourriau Bourriau 1902,67-69; of this

Ibid. Ibid.

Cemetery Mace's Ibid. to ). be and W.B. along out by

Gratien

and

Cemetery But

(Mace and Randall-Maclver most important those examples

Bourriau type of by grave

two of

the

found

at Abydos are 524 A'08 1923;

two which

were

excavated

Garstang by

numbered

and 694 A'08. 1965,134). material Both vessels which Period graves of

These were briefly A reassessment

published

Emery (Emery with other

of these

two tombs,

Nubian
"1

from Egypt, graves belong reached (Ibid. the

has recently Kerma 'Classic

been, carried Ware Kerma' vessels; phase

Bourriau particularly 1978,234,

(1981). these tab. II),

contained to its /. the

more (Gratien the Ware the

apogee 220).

in Nubia

itself

during Kerma and for by

Second Intermediate seems to occur early part of in

In Egypt, Intermediate

Classic Period

Second

the Eighteenth objects the

Dynasty. during this nature

The dating period of is

evidence discussed thin-walled chronological vessels of this

graves Bourriau it

containing (1981). is In

Nubian view of

delicate

these long broken

vessels

difficult their cf.

to imagine production Williams vessels

them having (even in

a very Nubia

currency were are often either due to and

after

mended, that the

1983,

pl. 94) - the

implications is very of

these

were made in Egypt requirements

(which in

unlikely raw materials

completely

different

terms

134
Egyptian of quite in

technology were 'active'

compared for

to

the

native

pottery) time before

or that being from early point

the

vessels

only

a short

period

buried. 'Pan-graves' Egyptological that no Kerma Emery any

Graves with

containing they Bourriau

Kerma Ware are are often

distinct the

which

confused makes the

literature; Ware has yet published of the

(1981,25) in a true

important

been found

'Pan-Grave' 'Pan-Graves' as

in Egypt. both of with

Although them lack

524 A'08 characteristic 1966,63-4. records of of

and 694 A'08 features ). the

normally

associated

'Pan-Graves'

(Bietak As all account Although were

1908 season is at rely

have disappeared, to be found the time

the

most complete publication. two graves and one

524 A'08

and 694 A'08 alive to

in Emery's that these

Garstang

was still Emery had the (see the

published, to of

mainly of is

on their

photographs excavation. based

tomb-card drawing

reconstruct 694 A'08 of

circumstances below, s. v.

Emery's on the

clearly

photographic 280a, these the 281,282,

record

tomb (Negatives However, itself the if as far

A. 276,277,278,279,279a, as one appear can as make out from as in a was of 694 the A'09

and 283). the

photographs, drawing suggests;

grave perhaps

does not eye of faith is

pan-shaped work been

may have been at cannot have

illustrating 'Pan-Grave'. noticed position

a grave The fact

which, that

Bourriau

right,

694 A'09 154) the

cannot also that east,

have been a 'Pan-grave' guesses, the orientation north. Bietak the because of This 1968, head

by Bietak of the the of the

(Ibid., shadows in

who

grave, to the

was one with is typical while north, the type

head pointing Kerma-culture are (Bietak from

facing

posture p1.17, towards details see been

(Gratien rather

1978,194; with are came guess

K/2), the of

'Pan-graves' facing of west grave

different, There A'08

1968,63). which 524

no recorded (for that it

objects had

Negatives

A. 212,274,275

and 280) and Emery's

135
"plundered

out"

seems very

plausible.

The School twenty particular season recorded examples), Ware beakers season, at

of Archaeology

and Oriental and, although as a

Studies only

at Liverpool

possesses assigned to 1908 are (4

Kerma Ware beakers tombs, Abydos. as coming it all But, are

a few may be from fifteen and

labelled only A'08

coming total of

Garstang's beakers 524 A'08

since 694

from

(11 that

examples) other during

must be assumed either were discovered there has

graves the

containing course of in is not

Kerma that the

by Garstang been some notebook is in the

or that

considerable for case. the

confusion

S. A. O. S. records. there whether other limited A'08 But said This is

As the

field

1908 season does during

missing mention any very 524

no way of knowing

which

Emery grave

any Kerma Ware was found season for that matter) but,

any other

1908 (or a

as we have seen, to him

he had only publishing

amount of 694 A'08. and that is not

documentation

available

when

the

end of

the

confusion. were retained

A further by

two beakers, the Cairo of a at

both

to have come from embarras de richesse both part in [731], the said of

524 A'08, is

Museum. further Abydos. and are

compounded

by the

existence

two beakers, They were

to come from the collection of One the of

Garstang's of sale these F. G. of

1908 season Hilton-Price this collection seems (and, most A'08

illustrated 1911,92 Reisner's likely type

catalogue

(Price resemble more

pl. XVIII).

beakers 111-4 is 524

to

(Reisner to come from

1923,330-374) 694 A'08), the

type while

Bkt.

therefore, like (in

the

other from on the vessels

Reisner's fact it

Bkt.

1-6 and resembles resembles the right location

beakers

strongly pl. VII).

hand vessel of these

back row in is unknown. and a

Emery 1923,

The present

The Ashmolean

Museum possesses

a Kerma Ware beaker

collection

136
of beaker Abydos. beaker, field general 810 A'09 regarding be seen to refers entry group which to least

sherds,

at

some of which information are 811 recorded A'09

come from is knot. _

the about from

1909 the 811 fgnts",

season

at

Although some of notebook

no further the entry sherds for the A'09,

complete A'09. while The a to

as coming "Pan

reads

pt.

comment in and 811

left-hand reads

margin, "near from the since while

and probably pan-graves". Garstang/Abydos here "pan pot

meant to refer The documentation

the Nubian

material

excavations fgmnts" identify 301/328 decoration and F. at Merrillees Legge, the

can clearly the A'07 to

be somewhat ambiguous, sherds of Kerma ware, in the

Kemp and Merrillees for criss-cross (Kemp by the

"black

pan pottery" hand-made 'pan-grave'

field-notebook with incised

"rough as the term

bowls is

normally was

given" donated

1980,239). worked site that these with

The Ashmolean Garstang the Egypt

Kerma Ware in

who same

at Abydos Exploration

1909 and

subsequently (Legge both

with

Fund. while

Legge records working It with

1913,109) and Kerma were Kerma as

he found were to

Kerma Ware sherds find a home in the

expeditions those numbers Three recorded

Ashmolean. are

may be that Garstang

Ware sherds found ware while beakers from

donated

by Legge which with the

without

he was working in the

Egypt

Exploration are

Fund.

Ashmolean of the

(1910.691-3) Egypt Exploration also

clearly

coming

grave

0.4

Fund excavations. some Kerma Ware

The Metropolitan beakers excavations. He bought which are

Museum in labelled

New York as for

possesses from the

coming

Garstang/Abydos Mace. of sold 20.2.45-8 numbered in

They were purchased four of these

the Museum in direct duplicate accession row). from

1920 by Arthur the Institute was

beakers

Archaeology 1920. They

at Liverpool, bear the

when much Metropolitan fig.

material

numbers The vessel

(illustrated

S4 in Hayes 1974,

18, middle

20.2.47

was de-accessioned

in October

1953

and

now

resides

in

the

137
Oriental University these

Institute

of card

the

of

Chicago. states, listed

The

Metropolitan "tomb unknown 524

Museum accession as the A'08,

accompanying

beaker are they

cups have no mark". although it is equally in

These beakers likely British that

below

under

came from

694 A'08. may also Rea came come

A Kerma Ware beaker from which A'08. As far there problem most of to is the Garstang/Abydos included

the

Museum (B. M. 54670) - it was part of the

excavtions razor

Bequest, from 524

also

a bronze

(B. M. 54704)

which

as the Liverpool some confusion

S. A. O. S. Kerma Ware as to which beaker

beakers

are

concerned, tomb. This

belongs

to which

has been compounded which are

by post-excavation incomplete. between with the

damage to This "square graceful object

the

beakers, difficult of with the a are be full the which partial seemingly

now substantially (as Emery did)

makes it profile" outline

differentiate from

beakers

524 A'08 base" here,

and those 694 A'08.

"more a

well-rounded of some help

from but

The excavation a few

photographs vessels may

even so only tomb. beakers the

individual

assigned complement possibility

to a particular of that four

Although identified,

524 A'08 there

seems to have its always this up of remains tomb, into the

some of by Emery, would then

"many fragments" later for at been least

from made some

were mentioned vessels, excessive which

may have account in the

number of

beakers

S. A. O. S. at Liverpool.

7.3

Evidence

for Period

Military

Presence

at

Abydos

in

the

Second

Intermediate

One of

the

more Period

complete from

mortuary Abydos is

assemblages Frankfort's

of tomb

the

Second 1802, a

Intermediate

138
tomb located The material

shaft-and-double-chamber (Frankfort included p1.38). parallels statuette barbarously standing 9ndyt Other kilt: 1930,219). a statuette This with found figure other

north-east from this

of the tomb son in that of

Shunet (Ibid., Tutu it at

ez-Zebib p1.39) (Ibid., close The and a a

of a man called is particularly

Renseneb, interesting

has Abydos. "coarse represents

statuettes

excavated was described

by Garstang by him 219) as

by Frankfort

proportioned man, with it is

statuette" against on its to

(Ibid., his sides

and

arms flat inscribed similar

and naked apart in incised statuette

from

back pillar the Frankfort

hieroglyphs. have been

examples from

closely Abydos,

recovered

including

ones from: -

(1)

Tomb 643 A'08. on the hieroglyphs; for the

A figure rear of the

closely

similar

to and sides

the of

Frankfort the (on of base behalf wt

piece, with of) , by

inscribed incised Osiris, his sister

back-pillar which the

'A boon the his

King

gives

K3 of

'nb n niwt name to

who causes

born S3-phwty, cwWjN xa live, Bki'.

S3t-

(2)

Tomb 537 A'08. of the

Inscribed back-pillar; that the

in

black

painted

hieroglyphs the King to gives the

down the (on K3 sister

rear

and sides of) it

'A boon which he may give

behalf of the who

Ptah-SokarOsiris, -N n, Sobekhotep

offerings

justified, the

begotten

of Nhsy,

by his

causes

his

name to live,

timt Nsw. Kmt'.

(3)

Tomb

641

A'08.

Broken

central

portion

of

similar

figure,

uninscribed.

(4) Tomb 21 A'06. King gives

Figure of)

inscribed Osiris,

on its for

back pillar

'A boon which the

(on behalf

the K3 [of]

R' son of T3-1!n'.

139

(5) 34),

Tomb E. 41 (Garstang but with no titles given (present

1901; Ibid.,

pl. XII). 41).

Inscribed No photo

for or

Kamose facsimile

Ibid., copy

9, of

inscription

whereabouts

unknown).

To these

five

examples

found

by Garstang

can be added similar (e. g. Vandier be identified 1958,271) on

figures as

known or thought well as closely

to have come from Abydos similar to figures this which Abydos the royal (Davies to find might

stylistic

grounds These

as belonging figures follow

group

(e. g. Page 1976,47-48). trends of the of period, legs, the Second such as

many of by the waist expect of

sculptural sculpture 1981,6) a

Intermediate the small

Period torso,

set

narrow not

and heavy particularly Ibid., of material the site. in the name

although

perhaps figure that

one would on this

well-modelled 271) postulates at

class

'kleinplastik'. in a local

Vandier tradition at

these

statuettes of the

are

produced

Abydos would chapel,

as part

'funerary k3-statues

industry' for with

As these

figures

be 'off-the-peg' made ready for

placement only of the

grave/offering and does are titles not also at of arise known Esna

sale the

and

deceased (Vandier from other

to be added, Ibid., sites 280).

question of this

portraiture of figurine

Examples

type n. 4),

(Vandier fig. 60).

1958,227,

as tomb 190. E such

(Downes

1974,91,

Besides examples the

the

'style'

of

the

statuettes which

themselves, strengthen the writing

the their of the

inscribed dating name to of

present

a number of

features

Second Intermediate , which 1977,431-432 that these is

Period, very

especially of the

Osiris (Leahy

typical

Second

Intermediate

Period

& n. 43). private individuals are depicted wearing the

The fact

140
9ndyt kilt (Vandier

would or the a First of

also

favour

a Second Intermediate Dynasty Period are that (Evers stela,

Period 1929,41).

date

1958,279) discussing associations Staehelin is also

Thirteenth Intermediate 9ndyt kilt

Brovarski, the 1977,38), garment of military while but

notes (Brovarski

that

the

"legion" it is

(1984,744)

remarks

primarily cite

a royal examples

worn by soldiers. shown wearing (for a sculptor

However, the

one might

private is not

individuals military

gndyt-kilt

whose stated one see Dakin

profession 1938,

shown wearing

p1.13,1).

The identity little harder

of to

the define.

individuals

represented

by these before

statuettes the

is

The names Ramose (rare and Fjsy latter from are are particularly of

New Kingdom, Ranke personal The of an obscure. known more have Berlev 1971). 3tw by than been who n to

see Ranke 1935,338,5) (1952,193) names possibly titles it which cites the

suggestive; his class of

as an example the also at out regional

derived they bear

origins

of their the

owners. functions

somewhat ambiguous; this the time lowly are

(Ward 1982,64,523) -N n (1955,90-91) points

particularly of the being n people no

Hayes the

status possibly and ),

title

bm-Nsw (Ward slaves.

1982,108

No. 896), hk3 cit.

de facto

The titles (Ibid., s. v. are

3tw n tt & refs.

'nb

niwt by

much-discussed believes tt the n that

especially titles (Berlev close

these

primarily

military with

hk3 seems to king, niwt perhaps may

be borne

by individuals bodyguard soldier of

relationship while

a personal to a

(Spalinger a town

1980,103), regiment which 'nb

refer ? ),

-ink (citizen not niwt been

militia/garrison been universally as 'Citizen'). compiled although

a suggestion (Ward, known many

of Berlev's 1982,74,604, bearers of of

(Ibid. translates these are

has n has at

accepted A list of (Ibid., is

titles

by Berlev this list

whom

attested examples,

Abydos; date

primarily

of Middle

Kingdom

many

141
(e. g. 1981;

from from

the

Second Intermediate cemetery 3tw n tt Z-

Period

the

3tw n

tt the by

hk3 majority Martin

Amenemhat of the (1971, 202) also

Peet's of

Bourriau

58 No. 102); name-seals scarab

examples

bk3 given on the

on private basis of

178 s. v. ) can be dated to the produced discussed 498 A'08, Thirteenth

back-types excavations not only on

Ibid., have the

Dynasty. of also the

The Garstang/Abydos these on stelae titles, and other Wsr-'

attestations above, the but

figures (e. g.

inscribed .

material

tomb of

3tw n tt_hk3,

If serve

these to

titles

do identify some example It belongs 1969),

their of of the this to is

owners martial class

as soldiers, equipment of object is

then

they

may by

complement A striking A'09.

unearthed the

Garstang. from 1051

axe-head GVII various 1974), two

Khnert-Eggebrecht's dated, on the basis

type of

(Khnert-Eggebrecht criteria, to the including end of the

which

inscriptions

on examples

themselves

(Davies

Second Intermediate to this axe p1.18) size for

Period/Early bear and with the Ahmose these

Dynasty names (Davies

18. The of 1974).

closest

parallels

Ramose The 15.8 for

(Khnert-Eggebrecht Abydos cm long the example is

1969,133

of a comparable to 15.1 cm long

named examples and

compared

the Ahmose example

16.5

Kamose axe-head. to this of Plate catagory uncertain 55) of weaponry date (Late excavated Middle from by Garstang Kingdom ?) may be excavated and 1092 A'09 added in

Also the

scimitar

1907 (see

and the

daggers

tombs 860 A'09

Historical activity the reign at

documents

seem to the the

confirm

this

impression Period.

of

military after at

Abydos during (at

Second Intermediate latest) there

Soon garrison

of Rahotep

was a military

Abydos, the Commander of which was the S3 nsw tsw iw'y

_3b

w called

142

Kwms (Franke in preparation

1985,176). for the

The installation war against is, at

of

this

force ).

may How but the at

have long it

been this seems of

the Hyksos present, was

Ibid.

garrison likely

was based at Abydos that an increased who chose to

unclear, in

population

reflected

number Abydos.

individuals

be represented,

or were buried,

143

APPENDIX

TO EXCAVATIONS CIRCULARREPORTS THE ABYDOS COMMITTEE

Report

for

January Bet El Sahara, Arabah, Balliana, Upper Egypt.

8th February
Dear Sir,

1907

I have the pleasure to enclose a brief on the results report future date, prospect. at Abydos up to and the of our excavations Annexed also are nine sheets of photographs and a summary of account to the end of January 1907. leading We have camped in the Valley to the tombs of the Kings of the Our quarters Dynasty. First more are practically completed and we are fair into As our stay here bids to than previously. run comfortable four or five seasons, we thought it wise to accept M. Maspero's advice It has cost build to guard against robbery. a substantial structure and Our JL50, and I propose to divide the cost years. several over about housed in Professor Petrie's former houses which were in a workmen are Lately have been successful in getting water at a depth we good state. filtered being It is a good supply and beautifully 31 feet. clear, of box bed. The well was sunk on the principle by a gravel of a continuous A man dug out the sand from within the at wood, placed vertically. of bottom, gradually and the four wooden sides being weighted with stones down. The box was continually found their added to as it descended. way is bucket complete A native the a which well, wheel and a rope and and economy. great convenience devoted almost exclusively This month's to a Ptolemaic excavation was found in the clean sand of the valley in which we are camped, and site be It to the proved about 50 yards from where workmen now live. intact wanted some much and has provided us with absolutely been hardly the material period, which upon archaeological heretofore. The burial treated time customs of the are scientifically full in comparison and recent of interest, especially early with the In a photograph Coptic there customs. and Arabic may be which follows festivalsin which doubtless the at customary seen a small fireplace Chief in importance, foods were cooked as in modern times. however, are or gravestones of the a great number of tombstones of nature stelae, on and around the graves, standing or lying which were found deposited, These are so numerous I that as shown in some of the photographs. am inclined by the friends to think they must have been deposited the of dead as tributes in much the in same way as wreaths our now are The designs upon these stelae Commonly the country. are fairly uniform. deceased is represented into the by Osiris as brought presence of (jackal Up-Uat, deity headed) of Abydos; sometimes Anubis is the local Isis for present and Nephthys sometimes occur as chief also. mourners

144
is accordant the dead. All this In the with the old ritual. some of belong to the stones which from their characteristics of early years this era, down possibly to 150 A. D., there is an obvious confusion with Christian The figure influences. had passed of Osiris through which he became a pillar his various stages of decadence until supporting by a figure facial robes with and emblems, is supplanted character Coptic or sometimes Graeco-Roman than Egyptian. The garments rather of design of Roman influence A good proportion toga-like are noticeable. Hieratic, in Greek, Demotic, inscribed, these stelae of are and rarely The inscription in the older hieroglyphic tells the usually character. his the deceased, occasionally age, name and position of and a few further details, e. g. lived 21 years 11 days" (daughter) 198 b. "Taberiphis of Isthollonthes, (daughter) 198 b. "Genesis and of Iresis of Churemon, son of Demetrius, (daughter) (? ) lived 25 years" of Meniathrytus 71 d. "Sisyphus, son of Alexander" Farewell" (son) of Demetrius.... 166 g. "Sarapion physician. "Patemine (daughter) (daughter) Koisis 69 of Eimonthes unmarried of (? ) lived 17 years" Farewell" 69 a. "Seranoparatypes, son of Asospes, a gardner. (dyer) Demetrius, (son) of Endaimon, the son of 198 d. "Sarapion the (lasted) but by adoption having Heraklos father; and his life as hand (Then added in another 24 years 5 months 7 days. Farewell" "farewell" "Antinous") after These illustrations tendency of the Greek inscriptions show the general inscriptions but as there are a number of Demotic and Hieratic and a list further to make out, all requiring an of Greek ones more difficult be knowledge, I should like Blackman to who will ask Mr. expert to come and make a study of them. We might pay his next month available expenses and a small fee. There are in all more than 200 of necessarily these which stelae, As poor specimens. a large number of duplicates contain and relatively fall I should be very to our lot, glad of probably more than 150 will The cost as to the requirements of our Committee in this regard. advice if heavy be considerable this transport we of material of would I should propose to bring a selection them all. of about transported have Meanwhile I 100 or 80 - but what to do with the rest!! suspended the of and we are having a turn at the outskirts work upon that site, hope Next month I XI - XII Dynasty Necropolis to which promises well. my account of the Ptolemaic complete site. All well in camp. Mr. Jones is with getting and is me as usual, his fine powers as a draughtsman better opportunities now of utilising He is now a skilfull is also, and his work excavator and painter. good. Mr. George Soane, Medallist of R. I. B. A. has come over from always British School, Athens where he has been working the to at study Egyptian architecture; and is making a careful survey of the temples at Abydos. His help in many ways has been unsparing and welcome. The Hon. he is a keen student R. Trefusis is also of our party; the of ancient language and is very helpful in the general work of the expedition. I regret in finishing this a short delay has arisen report, caused by in London in regard to some of on the part of the stores an error our have now arrived. The things equipment. Will this kindly it when done with to each member who receives return Secretary, Institute Archaeology, the Assistant 40 Bedford the of Street, Liverpool, Committee who will send it on to each member of the in alphabetical rotation. With kind regards, I am, Yours very truly,

145

(signed)

John Garstang.

Report

for

February

Camp at Abydos, Balliana,

Upper Egypt.

7th March 1907

Dear Sir, I have much pleasure in reporting progress on the satisfactory We have had a very heavy task in during the month of February. of work sand that barred our way to the edge of the removing many tons of drift few days last but during Dynasty XIIth the repeated necropolis, beads, vases of alabaster like discoveries and marble, of small objects in ivory figures in wood and granite, give etc, all statuettes scarabs, discoveries that the labour has not been in vain. As these latter token in the belong properly to March, I hope to deal with them more fully next report. the for the Meanwhile we have completed of present our excavation the Ptolemaic showing photographs site, and I enclose six sheets of by the side the the tombstones of intact the spot, standing nature of funeral the in one case the fireplace which at and remaining graves, like is wonderfully baked. This portion a the necropolis of meats were the There are also Coptic cemetery. included of some photos modern Osiris figure beautiful Greek stelae, tomb, of a typical of a painted in bronze, of the period. and other objects &c, The seven sheets of photos of the Middle Empire show the site portion, and along the outer ridge of this of the excavation progress in the course discovered the inscriptions of and other objects some of 6 metres This spot is the limit about raised the work. of a plateau Kings: leading the the the level the valley to the tombs of of above N. W. winds have steadily of sand a great drift accumulated prevailing the tombs its edge, which we had to move in order to get down to over for date. The process seems to have been going on anciently, of early Roman and getting tombs, the upper gradually ones we found several different the strata they got deeper, ages. of superposed as on older 321 is particularly The painted about stela good; its date is probably inscriptions Dynasty, XVIII and other of and there are a number fragments Just lately inscribed a tomb of stone. we have got down to of an immense limestone sarcophagus of a Chancellor containing chamber the King in Lower Egypt. The accounts, of which a summary brought up to Feb: 28th is included, be a credit on show that the sum of X372 has been expended. There will (carried fixed forward : 908), to and the and instruments materials 455, leaving 200 (about) the sum of charges amount to a further for wages, cost of transport England, to of the Antiquities available At the rate of present this expenditure. and other incidental expense in April, until excavations early will enable us to continue and to complete by the beginning and I trust of May as usual, unless we hold the 51000 will an exhibition, not be much exceeded.

I regret to say that plague of a bad type has broken out in several Balliana, down places near, including and it may be necessary to close There are no cases work at any date on order from the government.

146
Our men are are proportionately recovering, and the regulations strict. desert, in the and we do not of course isolated any anticipate infection. from Constantinople I have received to that notification my say in North Syria which has been before the for a Hittite site application has been granted, for several Turkish years, the government and that document is now ready for me to claim it, be delivered and will on my This is great news and I trust be able we shall to application. take the fullest advantage of it. I am, Sir With kind regards, Yours very truly, John Garstang.

Camp at Abydos Balliana, Upper Egypt.

27th April,
Abydos Excavations, March - April

1907

I have much pleasure in reporting that the progress of work during We found in March and April the continued every satisfactory. way largely to accumulated sand so great that it was necessary amount of boys of increase the number of hands at work, which we did by employing This greatly increased the-locality. the difficulty of superintendence, be very began trying, the to with weather at the same time and boisterous incessant a sometimes very hot from the Sahara, with winds, temperature me from of about 110 in the shade. These causes prevented better doing much photographic it therefore to thought work, and I include in one, and to a number of combine these two months' report As soon as the top taken since the weather moderated. sand photographs had been cleared began to be found almost daily; away small antiquities (e. g. pp 10,12,12) these the photographs groups, show the nature of beads carnelian, glaze, comprised of alabaster which chiefly vases, jewels, about and garnet, a few inscribed amethyst a few gold stones, 150 scarabs, in bronze and a few in with a number of objects wood and These for the most part exemplify ivory. art; see of a good standard 6, figure, bronze the ivory the p. especially p. 5, the wood figure figure p. 7, and the bronze scimitar p. 8. More recently, just before active stopped, we came upon a excavation from tomb 416, which illustrated series of small objects splendid are kneeling figure on pp. 1 to 4. The little glazed are and the objects from the variety charming, really and the whole group is interesting of the objects and the good quality of their workmanship. We have now brought to the excavation an end, and are packing for shipment to England. The division Egyptian antiquities the with Government has been made, which, by their leaves courtesy, us with The figures be practically all our best things. on p. 7 should perhaps bronze figure being the 12th Dynasty, the excepted of and The full is rare. list representing a private person, the of objects taken by the Museum is annexed, but it should be noted that it includes been only about 10 ordinary have groups out of 130 tomb-groups that during the past two and a half Of excavated Ptolemaic months. the during &c. that were excavated before, January stelae in and early

147
February, 30, and out of the rest they have selected I have selected The remainder, about 50 typical examples to send to England. amounting 200, can be had at any time as requested. to nearly Exhibition Mr. Hilton Price, Dir. S. A. Hon. Treasurer, kindly is for us to have the room at Society the arranging Antiquaries in of Burlington House, for the purposes of exhibition from the middle of July until the end of that month. The objects can then be unpacked and the division this will made in the usual way. I am afraid add some $. 30 to the costs of the season; but as it seems to be a general to wish hold the exhibition be agreeable. in London, I trust this will A statement of Account to date is also appended. We leave here at the beginning of May. Mr. Harold Jones goes to Luxor to do some painting, British be for some weeks c/o Post Office, and my own address will Constantinople. With kind regards, Yours truly, (signed) John Carstang. English Address. 40 Bedford Street, Liverpool.

Camp at Abydos, Balliana,

Upper Egypt. February Dear Sir,

I have pleasure We to report month's results. a satisfactory began with an examination the Shuna (see of the district sketch around the the nature and extent map. sheet 2) in order to ascertain of work before us. We then began a long examination of the slope up the desert above the between the Garden and the Temple of Rameses II. I regret pathway lying Egypt to say that previous to our arival the the of representatives Exploration Fund had made a considerable to on this ridge, excavation 200 tombs, which would have the extent of possibly come early within have our plan of campaign. This was a very unfortunate mistake which I be suitably As soon as the limits reason to think will compensated. of by the Inspector General our concession were explained we began our work on this ridge, where indeed most of our men are still at work. It proved to be fitted freely with an interesting series of tombs of A good date was given by the seal of Pepy I the Vth and VIth Dynasties. (sheet E) found in a tomb towards the Temple of Rameses II; but the tombs further from to judge along the ridge, the pottery and other them, are probably remains found within They have somewhat earlier. in yielded up to us a nice series of vases stone, some excellent interesting specimens of burnished red pottery, amulets and charms, and information a good deal-of More about the burial customs of the period. (Sheet exceptional objects were the table F) of alabaster and the deposit of coppersmiths vessels and implements it of which accompanied in Tomb 747. The table is in perfect condition large. and exceptionally Other types of interments are shown on Sheets G&H, with a further found on Sheet I. Within selection of objects the last few days we have reached towards the top of the ridge a series of Roman tombs in which

4th 1909

148

tombs. From both these over earlier good some cases are built sources I being obtained, jewels; these certain especially results are gold hope to describe in the next report. more fully Der we found In our examination of the ground near Coptic amongst A. the bronze dagger, with ivory handle, things other shown on Sheet dates The tombs in this are of differing and vicinity yield variable but there is considerable to encouragement proceed results, when the Eastern ridge is worked out. Another interesting of a large tomb (Sheet A result was the discovery to left) objects and the of pottery which from its construction and dynasty. It found within the earliest of was clearly resembles stone Royal Unfortunately tombs. the type of certain of the early strongly (difficult) hardly legible inscription was found on a broken only one its meaning. vessel, and I have not yet been able to guess at pottery in But we are greatly tombs the such encouraged to search for other Unfortunately the Coptic Cemetery interferes very much neighbourhood. of that part. with our exploration destroyed in have been partially This the tomb was found to galleries time of a series of subterranean at a much later construction into which we gained and remarkable extent character, of considerable have arranged In one chamber early Christians the interior entrance. an This Coptic writings for a Church, and left on the walls. several early in Egypt. M. Maspero who, with M. Lefebre is one of the oldest churches (Inspector General), his annual visit two days ago, has decided to paid These for door the visitors. to chamber and affix a preserve I have undertaken to do for him. preparations have been hitherto, important historically, Our results most former heaps however, in the Shuna by sieving tip the of obtained, By so doing of more inscriptions we have recovered excavators. We former Khasekhemwi than were found and published the occasion. on from which five hundred fragments jar sealings, have quite or six a of Some be put together. inscriptions Royal and six or eight private can are shown on Sheet B. specimens We found also the name of King Neter Khet (of Bet Khallaf) on several We have now a new item of evidence for the chronology of the specimens. Dynasty. An Third later the part of the Second and the beginning of found from the fact that I had previously interesting a problem arises of King Perabsen in the tomb of Neter Khet, and that a sealing sealing found both with the latter the Queen Regent Hapi-n-maat and with of was I should guess the solution Khasekhemwi. thus: K. Perabsen Q. Hapi-n-maat (predeceased his Queen) Queen Regent End of Dynasty K. Khasekhemwi K. `Neter Khet (succeeded Khasekhemwi) (succeeded in infancy) is mere speculation. But this With regard to other affairs, I am glad to report the three vacancies have all by been filled in the Committee (two of which were unexpected) Esq. the inclusion of F. Legge Esq., Robt. Mond Esq. and James Smith The first named has spent some time in camp with us, and the last named Is on his way here. I think that the 5 1,000 or X1,100 subscribed will for the work before us, especially be sufficient if we can be relieved of the charge of the house, of which there seems some possibility. With kind regards,

Yours very truly, (signed) John Garstang.

149
Excavations Report for at Abydos 1909, February 1909. Camp at Abydos, Balliana, Upper Egypt. It gives me great pleasure be able to to report an exceedingly Dynasty prosperous tombs of the VIth month. The interesting continued to provide the time, and we have us with work throughout obtained a forms and types of complete series that of the pottery period, which In addition were very much required. we have a numerous and varied beauty, series of vases in alabaster, some of considerable and some Other objects found in these early exceptionally good specimens. tombs were head-rests of wood, and other objects of wood which have perished, from groups and boats like Hassan; such as figures those found at Beni "button" beads of special (barrel-shaped) form, also carnelian seals, and amulets in glaze of variety and interest. Intrusive amongst these tombs of the Old Kingdom a number were of later date, some few of the XIIth Dynasty the some of or XIIIth, XVIIIth Dynasty and XIXth and a series, at the top of the mound, of the latest dynasties. From those of the XIIth Dynasty, which were few in number, we have a New Empire From those the number of inscribed stones and stelae. of but were taken a variety of specimens of the period, chiefly several deposits from a semi-Royal by is illustrated tomb, which undisturbed the bulk of the photographs annexed (949 U). dynasties, The tombs of the latest interments, with mummy-form gave from decorated the us some interesting and well-preserved cartonnage (see figures in mummies themselves, as well as a group of silver also the photos). The undisturbed Dynasty to which I have tomb of the XVIIIth referred in Committee, to the above, and also my letters members of was It seems to have been connected with a family rich. particularly of a Prince, the son of Sety I, whose magnificent was found nearby, stela having been re-used in adjoining tombs as the covering of a stone mummy case. The tomb consisted the of a shaft with doorways giving access at in ends to two chambers, one of which led to two subsidiary chambers, (X) was found. one of which the main deposit The chamber 942 contained 1 undisturbed burial 949 contained 2 undisturbed burials 9rk- 94q 944 contained 2 undisturbed burials 1.---k 941 contained several superposed 5H1f Al k 94z 94l layers in one stratum of interments, of which a set of jewels was discovered. The nature of the various deposits leads me to suppose that this was in use duing XVIIIth a family the grave, Dynasties. The and XIXth is of special interest, nature of the tomb itself being each chamber covered with a vault, while in the side of 942 a small recess seems to have been hidden with a separate Photographs roof. the of most of interesting found in the tomb are shown on the objects annexed sheets. After the discovery tomb I wrote to members of the of this Committee individually, 8.100 would be necessary saying that probably a further to In front complete the excavation. of the tomb there is an immense mound begun of sand which we had already to clear away, the with recent discovery it. tomb below of It an undisturbed thus seemed very important to move the whole mound, and thanks to the generous response

150
be able to do this of the Committee we shall the without curtailing *-ork in general. Eight of the ten Committee the have members of their expressed to contribute willingness to make up the extra p. 100. what is necessary It may be easiest to add 1/10th share to each of these eight, and I be glad to contribute 2/10th myself to shall adjust the proportions. Possibly we may find after all that it may not be necessary to call up the whole amount, so we may leave the details till over the accounts In the meantime, I am asking are nearer completion. Treasurer the to make an advance upon these guarantees. I have also asked Mr. Hilton Price to secure for us if the possible House for in Burlington rooms of the Society of Antiquaries an annual I hope we may be able to re-exhibit exhibition. to the London audience last year and exhibited some of the special objects also discovered at Liverpool. The work continues with quite satisfactory results up to the present, fruitful We have to another and I look forward the changed month. position of several gangs during the last few days, with good results. I regret to report Typhus fever a serious among the outbreak of before it was detected, workmen, which had already spread considerably from and thanks to prompt measures in which we had splendid assistance doctor, the Government native The we have now stamped out the epidemic. last for patient was sent home cured a week go, which we are all Twelve men have been died ill, taken relieved. whom two after of from after to their returning village or relapse. effects The difficulty Egypt the which I reported with as having occurred Fund over the question Exploration boundary, has been of a mutual settled. amicably Yours very truly,

(sgd)

John Garstang.

March 4th 1909.

Camp at Abydos, Balliana,

Upper Egypt. 3rd April Dear Sirs,

The month of March has not been so full of surprises as the one; but it has none the less been fruitful, previous the even above interesting and has given us some specially average, the material of XIth Dynasty. Since my last report, tomb, No. 1043, another undisturbed was found in the month. It seems to have been a tomb of priests, early whether of one family or not remains to be seen. The doors its two of chambers were made to open portcullis-wise, and the tomb seems to have continued in use from late in the XVIIIth Dyn. all through the XIXth. The shaft deep, and the whole well constructed, was extremely the after ordinary Unfortunately type of shaft grave. a considerable the amount of furniture had of the tomb had been in wood, which almost utterly but some fine objects in bronze and faience perished; remained, and may be seen on sheet II-IV of the accompanying photographs.

1909

151

The photographs illustrate both some of finds the the special of (1063), the fine dagger (1092) and flints month, like some and also in faience, bronze &c. which have been accumulated series of objects during the season's work. The tomb groups of alabaster vases &c. shown the types of objects in on sheets VI & VII illustrate the use during XIth Dynasty, and these enable us to make an interesting comparative found study on one hand with the objects of the VIth Dynasty &c. this Dynasty found year, and on the other with the groups of the XIIth in the past two years. We are now bringing The Inspector the work to a close. of Antiquities has made the division for the Museum of Cairo, and we have to again for great generosity. fully We retain 5/6ths thank the service of what 949 &c. is the tomb group we have found. The whole of the ours, by exchange with the group table alabasters and small objects of and bronzes 747, reported in January, the and the jewels by exchange with 1065 (sheet IV). We retain 983, gold-foil objects also the best stela [that] from the same tomb. The figured the service taking on sheet VIII fall bulk do the to us, and so too the other stelae all of other objects. There remains to be excavated the recently opened of a good portion I could probably if XIth Dynasty. for next season members of arrange 700 under for a small expedition the Committee wished for it, of say to the charge of Mr. Peet, who has proved to me his conduct ability such a piece of work by the help he has given me during the past month, the the general of organisation superintendence and I could undertake during the site the progress or towards the end of visit and personally This is a matter which in order. the work to have all we can arrange during the summer. Such an expedition would begin work as I contemplate in the autumn, say November or December. Mr. last from James Smith, We have had visits during the weeks Jean Capart and Mr. Robert Mond, members of the Committee. Monsieur death It is with deepest regret Mr. that I have to refer to the of Price, Hilton its the founder of our Commmittee eight years ago, and During the past season until 8 days of his death treasurer. we within had been in regular corespondence as usual during the progress of our We shall hardly be able to replace excavations. one who combined so in himself conspicuously a great kindliness, and authority enthusiasm, of position. I am assuming that the arrangements in as usual which had been left Mr. Price's hands &c. be carried the as regards will exhibition To these matters I will London through. to give attention on my return In the meanwhile, the cases are being addressed to at the end of April. store in London until such time as we may commence the exhibition. Ordinarily the date for that would have been in July next, at the rooms Price was Director. of Antiquaries, of the Society of which Mr. Hilton Our accounts X100 by the show that with additional contributed be on a reasonable several members, we shall estimate well within our (of 5.1,200). limit After that we have only the question house the of here to adjust, I hope not and properties which will cost more than X50, in whatever way it may be arranged. At the conclusion in Egypt I of my tenth season of excavation thank in this interest you all again for your continued work.

Yours very truly, (sgd). John Garstang.

152

USED IN TEXT AND BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A. C .................. Annual Report........ A. S. A. E .............. B. I. F. A. O............ B. J. O ................ B. J. O. S .............. Bull. de Liaison..... C. A. A ................ G. M .................. J. A. O. S .............. J. A. R. C. E............ J. C. A. S .............. J. D. A. N. H. S.......... J. E. A ................ J. E. O. L .............. J. N. E. S .............. L. A .................. L. A. A. A .............. M. D. A. I. K............ O. J. A ................ P. P. S................ P. S. B. A .............. S. P. H. S .............. T. H. S. L. C............ U. L. R ................ W. A .................. W.W.W ................ Z. A. S ................ C. A.f Cantiana Archaeologia Annual Report and Prospectus of the Institute of (Liverpool) Archaeology des Antiquites de l'Egypte Annales de Service Francais d'Archeologie de l'Institut Bulletin Oriental Journal British of Orthodontics Journal British of Oral Surgery du troupe International de Liaison Bulletin de la Ceramic Egyptienne d'Etude in Archaeology Computer Applications Miszellen Gottinger Society Journal the American Oriental of Journal the American Research Center in Egypt of Society Journal the Carmarthen Archaeological of Archaeological Journal and of the Derbyshire Society History Natural Archaeology Journal of Egyptian Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Lux" Genootschap "Ex Oriente Journal of Near Eastern Studies der Agyptologie Lexikon Annals of Archaeology Liverpool and Anthropology des Deutschen Archaologischen Mitteilungen Kairo Instituts Oxford Journal of Archaeology Society Proceedings the Prehistoric of for Biblical Proceedings the Society of Archaeology

R. E ..................

Revue d'Egyptologie
Studies Hellenic for the Promotion Society of Society Transactions of of the Historical Lancashire and Cheshire Recorder University of Liverpool World Archaeology 1972) (Dawson & Uphill, Who Was Who in Egyptology Sprache fur Agyptische Zeitschrift
CaM. Ai[hoeabp.

"
Porter

et6ew

Soc; ety Bi! /io%"A1

PA.

t. AOU

ToPoyi. A: cof

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161 Petrie, W.M.F. 1926. 1926: 12-14. "The Spencer-Churchill Scarabs" Egypt

Ancient

Pflger, K. 1947. "The Private Funerary for Importance the Study and their J. A. O. S. 67: 127-135.
Porter, Egyptian B. and Moss, R. L. B. (Oxford). Sites 1937.

Stelae of the Middle Kingdom Egyptian History" of Ancient

Bibliography V: Upper

Topographical

F. G. H. 1908. A Catalogue Price, Price Possession of F. G. Hilton

of II

Egyptian the (London). Hilton July, Price 1911).

Antiquities

in

the

F. G. H. 1911. Catalogue Price, of the & Hodge. (London, 12th-21st Wilkinson Pusch, Quibell, Radwan, E. B. 1979. Das Senet-Brettspiel El Kab (London).

Collection.

Sotheby.

im Alten

'(gypten

(Munchen).

J. E. A.

1898.

1983.

Die KupferLes steles

und Bronzegefsse 'egyptiennes

igyptens

(Munchen). a Toulouse

Ramond, P. 1977. I. F. A. 0. (Cairo). Randall-Maclver, Randsborg, Age burials; Explanation Ranke, Ranke, Rapports K.

du Musse G.

Labit

D. & Mace, 1973. "Wealth

A. C. 1902.

El Amrah and Abydos

(London). in Bronze (ed. ) The

and social as reflected structure A. C. Renfrew in approach" a quantitative Change (London), 559-564. of Culture Die dgyptischen Die'A'gyptischen du Service Personennamen Personennamen des Antiquites I (Glckstadt). II (Glckstadt). de 1899 -

H. 1935. H. 1952. sur

la Marche

1910_(1912).

Read, Reisner,

G. 1980. G. A.

"The Danson Family 1923. 1932. Excavations Naga-ed-Der:

Archives" at Kerma IV. a provincial

U. L. R. 82 (January, (Cambridge, cemetery Early of Mass. ). the

1980).

G. A. Reisner, Age (Oxford).

Pyramid

J. D. 1982. "Profile Richards, C. A. A. 1982: 105-113. Said, R. 1962. The Geology

analysis of Egypt

of

Anglo-Saxon

pottery"

(Amsterdam/New Palaeolithic

York). Nile Valley

Sandford, in Nubia

R. S. & Arkell W. J. 1933. and Upper Egypt (Chicago).

Man and the

Sandford, R. S. 1934. Palaeolithic Middle Egypt (Chicago).

Man and the Nile

Valley

in Upper

and

. sil%KOA A. 5; 1t, . J.

14i. li.

' TM Sts/. t,bsr.

At

AsA- K/, AN

C, ad

Ole I. VR %irtw. re*# A{ fi+AeK.+"s 1 " A' A#- - wK. ^ M,4- s=, *7y -x.

sJ., it-it 162

Save-Sderbergh, Schenkel, Schenkel, Sethe, K.

T.

1941.

Xgypten

und Nubien

(Lund). (Bonn). Theban (Leipzig). den Altaegyptischen (Wiesbaden).

W. 1962.

Frhmittelgyptische

Studien

W. 1965.1965. 1908.

Memphis - Herakleopolis Pyramidentexte Kommentar zu

Die Altaegyptischen und

Sethe, K. 1963. bersetzung Pyramidentexte IV. (Gluckstadt). Shaw, I. M. E. 1986. "A Survey (London). Reports III Simpson, W. R. 1974. Connecticut). at

Hatnub"

in

B. J.

Kemp

(ed. )

Amarna

The Terrace

of

the Great

God at Abvdos (New

Haven,

Simpson, W.K. 1977. "Hatnub" in W. Helck & W. Westendorf Band II (Wiesbaden), 1043-1044.
A. 1980. Spalinger, Problem of Kingship Speleers, Spencer, _L. A. J. 1979. Brick Architecture in Ancient Egypt 1923. "Remarks on the in Dynasty XIII" Recueil

(eds)

L. A.

Family of Queen H'. s. nbw R. E. 32: 95-116. Igyptiennes

and

the

des Inscriptions

(Brussels). (Warminster). Sammlung des

W. 1896. Spiegelberg, Museum-Meermano-Westreenianum

Die Aegyptische (Strassburg).

T. 1984. "Schurz" Staehelin, Band V (Wiesbaden), 743-745. Steindorff, Steindorff,

in W. Helck and W. Westendorf

(eds)

L. A.

G. 1935. Aniba I (Gluckstadt). G. 1937. Aniba II (Gluckstadt).

Problems the of der Anthropologischen

E. and Jungwith, J. 1971. "Anthropological Strouhal, Middle Empire and Late Roman Sayala" Mitteilungen in Wien 101: 10-23. Gesellschaft "Code C. 1981. Analytique de Profils Traunecker,, (ed. ) Studien D. Arnold Egypte" in L'Ancienne 49-77. Keramik (Mainz am Rhein), Trigger, Trigger, a Social B. 1976. Nubia under the Pharaohs

de Ceramique zur altagyptischen

de

(London). D. 1983. Ancient Egypt,

B., Kemp, B. J., Lloyd, (Cambridge). History

A.,

& O'Connor,

J. A., Johnson, Tyldesley, J. S. and Snape, Artifacts: Two case studies Archaeological method" O. J. A. 4: 1: 19-30. Ucko, P. J. 1982. Untitled book review.

S. R. using

1985. "'Shape' in a new analytical

P. P. S. 48: 522-524.

163
Vandier, Varille, Kemi 3: J. V. 1958. Manuel d'archeologie Egyptienne 6gyptienne no. (Paris). de Toulouse"

III

A. 1930. 39-43.

"La Stele

1175 du Muse

Wainwright,

G. A. 1920. Balabish

(London).
T3w, 'Journeyman, Trainee"'

Ward, W. A. 1980. "The Middle Z. A. S. 107: 17-174.

Kingdom Title

Ward, W.A. 1982. Index of Egyptian the Middle Kingdom (Beirut). of

Administrative

and Religious

Titles

"The Merseyside M. 1978. Danson Bequest Warhurst, and the (24), 85-88. Report for-1977-8 Museums" S. P. H. S: Archaeological Weigall, (Oxford). A. E. P. 1907. A Report on the Antiquities of Lower

County

Nubia

J. P. & Shennan, S. J. 1975. "The computer analysis Wilcock, of pottery C. A. A. 1975: 98-106. to Bell-Beaker with application pottery" shapes

Wild, H. 1970. "Quatre 89-130.

Wildung, 'gypten D. & Schoske, (Mainz).

statuettes
S. 1984.

du
Nofret

Moyen Empire"
Die Schne: Kerma die

B. I. F. A. 0.69:
frau im Alten

Williams, Cemeteries

B. 1983. C-Group, Pan Grave, T, K, U, and J (Chicago).

and

Remains

at

Adindan

Wilson, J. A. 1947. "The Artist 231-249.

of the Egyptian

Old Kingdom" J. N. E. S. 6:
in Studies

J. 1976. "Mrs. Andrews and the Wilson, in Honor of George R. Hughes (Chicago). Wilson, E. 1986, Ancient Egyptian

Tomb of Queen Tiyi"

Designs

(London).

164
THE TOMB REGISTER

The Tomb-Register:

Notes

The

following

tomb-register account as is of

aims

to

provide

as

concise by

and

comprehensive in 1906-1909

the material

excavated

at Abydos is a

Carstang tomb of the

now possible. details from it. of

What follows the tomb itself

consecutive as a list

catalogue objects

including recovered

as well

All

entries

in

double

inverted while

commas, those works, square

"thus", in

are single

quotations inverted of

from commas, objects are the of

Garstang's 'thus' in sale are

field-notebooks, quotations

from other Comments in

such as descriptions parentheses, or question made in the field [thus], the

catalogues. author's

present the

own, and aim to clarify and faint pencil notes

readings notebook.

abbreviated

Location siting

- under of the

this tomb,

heading either at

is

presented in relation For that the

information to seasons is the other

regarding tombs, and siting or

the to 1908 of

topographical the the in entry "not

features known" than

Abydos.

1906,1907, the the For

indicates

nothing of

known of region 2). of

tomb other which

a general

awareness (for to this

cemetery season

Garstang

was working seems areas,

see Chapter have

the

1909,

when

Garstang disparate some of there these is

simultaneously has been made to it should this be

excavated define borne in in has

geographically which areas

an attempt

tombs were located; no quoted evidence,

mind that

where

allocation

165

largely areas;

been made on the for example, Late Old unless

basis there

of

similar is

tomb-groups to

being

in

similar all the are

evidence

the contrary, Period

tombs with

Kingdom/First the Eastern

Intermediate Ridge.

material

assumed to have come from

Construction derived of cases from

- refers the

to any details or the the this

regarding photographs. of

the In

form the

of vast the

the

tomb,

field-notes is known of that often the

majority object(s) tomb to

nothing

type

tomb from which often

came;

one suspects

may be because 'tomb'-number in a particular

no actual refers in

was involved, groups contexts.

and that

so-called

simply spot,

of material

found

by Garstang

disturbed

Contents objects

- are which

listed

in

such a

way

as

to

give

priority which

to appear as any on

those the

have been located, The descriptions as possible, assignation typographic of while

followed the

by those

photographs. and objective regarding discarded. fractions

objects over

have been kept which there is

concise doubt to given be in

objects

their For

to any particular reasons,

tomb have originally

tended

measurements

have been converted

to decimals.

Each description its negative of are:

gives number the in

the

present

location

of

the

object and

(if any

known), previous the tomb

the

S. A. O. S.

archives, for locations

publications register

piece.

Abbreviations

used in

166

Ash. Birm. BJK/EA

Ashmolean = = Birmingham = Antiquities drawings

Museum, Oxford Museum and Art Service by B. J. Gallery el-Arabah, from original

Magazine,

Kemp Gallery

Bol. B. M. Bruss. Cairo d'Entr'ee) Carm. Dublin R. S. M. Fitz. Glasgow Kendal Liv.

Bolton = British =

Museum and Art Museum

= Musee Cinquantenaire, Cairo = Museum

Brussels used are from the 'Journal

(numbers

Carmarthen = National = Royal =

Museum Museum of Ireland, Dublin

Scottish

Museum, Edinburgh

Fitwilliam =

Museum, Cambridge Gallery

Glasgow Museum and Art = Kendal = = Liverpool Studies Museum University,

School

of Archaeology

and

Oriental

Man. Mer.

University = Merseyside = Merseyside)

Museum, Manchester County Museum (now National Museums on

M. M. A. Pitt Rivers

Metropolitan = Pitt = Petrie = Rivers

Museum, New York Museum, Oxford College, London University of Reading

U. C. L. Ure. W. A. G.

Museum, University

Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology, = Walters = Art Gallery, Baltimore

167
Illustrations

All

illustrations line

are across at

grouped the the

together

as the original a change of section that the the

assemblage. tomb, that the text the

An

unbroken which

page indicates top of the

number of tomb-group of is the not plate the

may be found

which in

occupies.

The consecutive

numbering object

follows in

tomb register illustrated the plate of for

when a located this is stated cited. is half

tomb register by a photographic

and when illustrated The scale life-size), small types In of used is

number is an object very large

usually

1: 2 is

(i. e. impractical,

drawing either for

but where this objects, of all scale the object cases are scale

or very smaller

has been altered scarabs) scale a are is

convenience. at

Some

(e. g. a

illustrated provided line

or above life-size. and changes scale. Some are

linear by

on each page,

indicated (those - when this is

broken from case the

and a new linear or

illustrations to scale scale

traced is the with

photographs it is

field-records) in the text

not

indicated of

and no linear

provided

illustration

the

object.

Pottery The conventions the present writer accepted as follows: of is each divided (including of the in half, any ceramic the vessels left-hand (as side with showing and all the the used for from illustrating a number of the of pottery sources. pottery, have been adapted Since that there used in is by no this

universally thesis (1) is

method

recording

The illustration vessels) of the vessel

illustrated interior

internal

decoration)

168
The right-hand cases, of order profile

cross-section exterior it, either of

of the the

the

vessel In

wall.

side where the to of

represents clarity

the demands

vessel. sectional

some unusual side in

or exterior space (e. g. the

drawing render

have more

been fully

extended surface within (2)

into

the other's

decoration, the vessel). lines while of the

or to give

full

moulded

elements

Solid

on the

body of

the

vessel

indicate parts

incisions of the on

in

its The

surface, colours plus

shaded areas fabric, the

designate slip are

painted

vessel. burnishing,

and any colour given in

shift standard

any painted

decoration

Munsell

colour

designations. (3) Unless indicated otherwise, all the body-fabrics can be assumed to

be silt

wares.

THE POTTERY CORPUS

169

The following records, of the jotted

corpus

of

pottery

shapes

is

based on

Garstang's in 1907 the

working archives are at 1907, which during been

on odd pieces

of cardboard, vessel-shapes

now housed from for the his

S. A. O. S. The recorded corpus which

season

based on the Beni

Garstang

established published the

excavations

Hassan and which

was subsequently from in

by him (Garstang Hassan corpus Abydos They of have

pls. XII-XVI). were recorded

Those vessel-shapes as having as the occurred 'Pottery first

Beni

particular Types in 1',

tombs at below.

1907 are

reproduced to form

re-numbered which For then these

shapes the

a running

sequence from

numbers,

goes on to include two last-named

vessel-shapes seasons of These

1908 and 1909. established new

Garstang

type-standards, to

based on similarity material. sketched no attempt drawings. which It in to

on what he shape and individual cardboard groups sheets

considered of vessel

be contemporaneous originally but original groups with

shapes, redrawn, of in for the the

pencil 'even

on the out'

have been in shape largely

the

irregularities are with for does of by tall reproduced

These pottery placed be noted of

shapes but

Garstang should the

them, that the

some rationalisation Garstang's not the the represent in 'Late a which writer squat for

consistency.

(except vessels a result

Old Kingdom Types') chronological the into closed which they size. vessels roughly forms, there are is sorting,

grouping but is with

primarily

season present

were recorded, discrete etc. ).

a sub-sorting

shapes Also

(e. g. open forms, is a list of such

closed pottery

forms,

inclisded

those as the

forms in

any additional found,

information, of of their a

ware their any listed

which average details below.

usually

an idea are not of

frequency, consistant vessel

and scale; types is

The illustrations the range of

regarding

size

individual

170
This vessels collections the the of larger Contents corpus which is useful in that it but is the only not record of many in of the

were

excavated

are

represented

existing and of

of Garstang/Abydos amphora shapes. section in while of the the the

material,

such as rough-ware in the to Pot-types the

vessels part

The bold

numbers

tomb register figure in

refers parentheses

running follows

series the the it is

corpus-numbers, is that

which that

vessel-type tomb in not

number of

occurences

of

type

from

question. in

When a vessel the list of

has been located

and illustrated, tomb.

included

pot-types

from any given

Pottery (1)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

Types 1-

Forms from 1906 & 1907 No. 57

No. 59 No. 61 No. 63 No. 32 No. 47 No. 36 No. 5 No. 60 No. 30 No. 46 No. 18 No. 42 No. 41

Beni Hassan, pl. XV, =

Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = Beni = = Beni Beni = = Beni Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, Hassan, pl. XVI, pl. XVI, pl. XVI, pl. XIII, pl. XV, pl. XIV, p1. XII, pl. XVI, pl. XIII, p1. XV, p1. XIII, pl. XIV, pl. XIV,

Pottery (16) (34) -

Types "Small" "White

2-

Open forms

from

1908

171

rim"

Pottery (43) (52) -

Types

3-

Pot-stands

and enclosed

forms

from

1908

"Common" "Large"

Pottery (56) (57) (59) (65) (67) -

Types "with "Large" "with "Above [Three

4black

Tall

forms

from

1908

band"

hoops" white" variants of same basic form]

Pottery (75) -

Types [Not

5all

Large with

and carinated bases]

forms

from

1908

small

Pottery (77) (78) (79) (80) (81) (82) (84) (85) (86) (87) -

Types

6-

Open forms

from

1909

"Common" "Very "Very "Rare, "Very "Very common" 5-8 common" finer" rough, 5-7 7 cm. rare" cm. very common" 4-10 cm. cm. cm.

common" 3-4 cut off,

"Roughly

"Common" "Very "Very common" 7-11 common" 5 cm. cm.

(88)

"Brick -

red,

common" 8-10 cm.

172 (89) (90)

(91) (92) (93)

"Very common" 6-7 cm. "Rare" "Rare" "Rare" "Very

13 cm.
9-17 5-7 rare" cm. cm. 19-30 cm.

Pottery (94) (95) (96) (97) (98) -

Types "Rare" "Rare" "Brown

7-

Enclosed cm.

forms

from

1909

6-16 8 cm.

on buff, very polish"

rare"

15-19

cm. cm.

"Painted, "Brown

common" 9-14

(99)
(100) (101) (102)

10 cm. "Black "Brown "Rare" on dark on ochre, 23-28 cm. red" 33-38 cm.

rare"

22 cm.

(103) (104)
(105) (107) (108) (109) (110) (111) (112) (113) (114)

"Rough yellow-red, "Very common" 9 cm. "Red polish, "Black "Very "Rare" on red rare" polish"

rare"

14 cm.

7-10

cm.

7 cm.

common" 7-9 cm. 4-5 cm. cm. rare" 19 cm. cm.

"Common" 8-10 "Painted "Painted

red and brown on ochre, brown on ochre, rare" 11 cm.

common" 10-19

"Red polish, "Rare" 9 cm.

173
Pottery (116) (117) (119) (120) (121) (122) (123) (124) (125) (126) (127) Types 8Tall and various forms from 1909

"Common" 5-6 cm. "[Found with] cm. Amphorae and late pots generally, about 20 cm. "

30-40 30 cm. 26-30 "Very "Very "Very

cm. common" 13-14 cm.

common" 7-10 cm. common" 10-14 rare" 40-45 10 cm. cm. cm.

"Very "Rare"

20 cm. -

(128) (129)
(130) (131)

15 cm. 12 cm. "Bad yellow "Common" 4-8 ware, cm. brown stripes" 15-16 cm.

(132)

"Painted" -

13 cm.

(133) - 25 cm.

Pottery (134) -

Types "Dull

9red,

Tall rare"

and necked 20 cm.

forms

from

1909

(135) (136) (137)

"Brick -

red"

12 cm.

"Common" 20-37 cm. "Rare" 30 cm.

(138) - "Very common" 25-30 cm. (139) - "Rare" 30 cm. 12-15 cm. 35 cm.

(140) - "Very rare" (141) - "Painted" (142) - 70 cm. (143)

"Common" 15 cm. -

(144)

"Common" 10-13 cm. 13-16 cm.

174

(145) - "White rim" (146) - 11-18 cm. (147) - 25 cm. (148) - 20-28 cm. (149) - "Dull red,

cording

and red paint

on shoulder,

very rare"

37 cm.

Pottery (150) (151) (152) (153) (154) (155) (156) (157) (158) (159) (160) (161) (162) (163) (164) (165) (166) (167) (168) (169) (170)

Types

10 - Late

Old Kingdom forms

from

1909 0

"Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish" "Red polish, "Red polish, "Red polish" "Buff, "Buff, squat rare"

common" common" common" trefoil common" very very common" common" mouth"

unique" common" rim turned back, unique"

spouted" three lines incised on shoulder"

rare" unique"

form,

very

common"

"Buff, "Buff, "Buff,

neck wider, neck ringed" common"

rare"

(171) - "Buff"

(172)

"Buff, -

rough

ware,

very

common indeed"

175

Pottery (183) -

Types "Usually

11 - Amphorae from with white bands"

1909

123

176

00
45

(0
678 9

10 0

0Q
11
13 14

12 0

C)

Pottery

Types 1-

Forms from 1906 & 1907

15

16

17

18

177

D
19 =_,. : :, o o

ao
20 21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

O
29 30 31 32

33

34

0
1908

35

c1119
Pottery Types 2Open forms from

178 36 37
38 39

/ /\
j]
__ ___ _

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

SO

0g_
51 52 53

Pottery

Types 3-

Pot-stands

and enclosed

forms from 1908 ZZ-

54

55

56

57

179

a
58 62

000
59 60

61

7-7

op
63

64

65

'Iff

V
66 67. a

v
67. b

67. c

Pottery

Types

4-

Tall

forms

from

1908

180 68 69 70

71

72

73

74

75

76

Pottery

Types 5-

Large and carinated

forms from 1908

77

181
78 79 80

81

82 : 7 85

-j
83

84

o
86 87 89

'7

a
88

90

91

92

93

Pottery

Types

6 -, Open forms

from

1909

182 94 95 96 97

98 99
100

101

102

103

104

105

Io
106 0 107

108

109

110

(n
111 112
003

0
113

114

Pottery

Types 7-

Enclosed

forms from 1909

115
,

116

117

118

183

II
119

120

0 (]
121
122

V
123 00

V
124 125

D
126

0
128 129

127

133

130

131

132

Pottery

Types

8-

Tall

and various

forms

from

1909

184
134

136

137

138

135

139

140

141

142

143
c

144

145

146

oa
147 148 Types 9Tall and necked forms from 1909

149

Pottery

185 150 151 152 153

LJ
154 155 156 157

158
161

D
159 160

162

163

164

p
165

a
166 , 167

C)
169

()
170 171

a
168 172

Pottery

Types

10 - Late

Old Kingdom

forms

from

l9flo

173

174

175

176

186

1
1

177

178

179

180

181

1:52

183

U
184 185 186
187

Pottery

Types

11 - Amphorae

from

1909

187 EXCAVATIONS 1906 OF

1 A'06 Location Construction "About 50m south of the Shuna"

"A pit 6m deep, 2m deep. brick-lined to Orientated The chamber on the as usual. nearly north-south, south " distance. side extending east and west a considerable The chamber is divided into two, a north-eastern and (see plan) south-western chamber

Contents: North-Eastern Chamber

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Beads of: i) bone x6, ii) carnelian xl, iii) copper xl - Liv. E. 9383 Beads of: i) ii) blue amethyst, glaze, Mer. 1977.109.9 Two silver rings - Mer. 1977.109.9 "Small kohl vessel of blueish stone" "Small garnet beads"

Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish yellow 7.5 YR 7/6, 5/6 - Mer. 1977.109.95 Alabaster vessel and lid - Mer. 1977.109.82
iii)

slip

red
xl,

10
iv)

black

faience blue

faience

South-Western (8) (9)

Chamber

"Blue ball beads and carnelian" "Ushabti figures"

Fill (10) (11)

of

Shaft

"Scarab of pale green stone" "Beads of carnelian and amethyst"

2 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) "Disc of blue glaze" "Pit located 100m true south of the at Shuna" the north end"

"The pit -

6m deep with

a chamber

(2) (3)

"Green faience "Alabaster"

kohl vessel,

small"

188 3 A'06
Location Construction "Tomb situated "Pit north of the valley on the ridge" Two in. "secondary

the about 5m deep, east wall to the north chambers, and south" interment under the west wall"

pressing with a

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Ceramic vessel; fabric, decoration reddish-brown of white paint BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip - BJK/EA "Scarab", from field-notebook sketch of base-design Three copper rings, covered with gold sheet - Mer. 1977.109.7 "Ushabti ?Mwt" of Q

(6)
(7) (8)

"Small

"Long thin bead of green glaze" "Small beads of green glaze" interment of under bluish the west wall containing": -

ushabti"

"A secondary (9) "Kohl

vessel

material"

4 A'06
Location Construction "Pits in a row on the a series - compare north side of the valley" a single

Presumably tomb-complex

of shafts 6 A'06

composing

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) fabric, vessel; reddish-brown no slip - BJK/EA (illus. dish with from incised decoration" palm-leaf Neg. A. 1 photograph) Green glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1057 Copper ring - Liv. E. 826 Beads of: i) bone xl, ii) iii) faience turquoise turquoise xl, faience faience faience x4, iv) turquoise turquoise x3, vi) xl, v) faience blue faience turquoise xl, vii) x1 - Liv. E. 259 "Bronze dish 6" wide" (not base-ring about with repousse Neg. A. 2 illustrated) "Fragment of an inscription" "Half dish" an alabaster "Half bracelet" a green faience "Fragments of green glaze" "Flint knife" "Kohl vessel of alabaster 2.5" tall" Ceramic "Pottery

(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

5 A'06
Location "Located fort" near the valley and more south-east of the

Construction

"Pit -

broken at the surface. " Presumably a shaft-tomb

189 Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Alabaster vessel - Kendal "Eggs" (- Bol. A. 128.1968 ?) "Dom nuts" (- Bol. A. 129.1968 "Fragment inlay" of ivory

?)

(5) 6 A'06

"Beads"

Location
Construction

"near -

7 A'06"

(see plan)

"Several Chamber 1 was One vaulted". broken into. pits, [compare intact its in walls with good condition, between Chambers 2 and Neg. A. 6], but the partition wall 3 was partly the broken away and the rest of chambers immediately Chamber 2 is to the run into each other. the this and is at group south of a shaft serving Chambers 2 to 5. " (see plan) western end of the group of

Contents:
Garstang impossible (1) (2) (3) (4)

that notes to predict "as the the identity it proceeded excavation deposits" of the original was found

One alabaster "5 heads of canopic jars and fragments the jars". of example is Man. 3996; Neg. A. 3 Beads of worn faience Man. 4011 "Large stela, the door of the chamber" - Plate 4; Negs. A. 7 & 10 Egypt, Lower Stela for the Treasurer Ring inscribed the of of fig. 227; Negs. A. 5 & 8; Hayes Khonsu - M. M. A. 21.2.69; 1953,345, Franke 1984,288 No. 464

(5)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (17)

Inlaid

Man. 4010 (not illustrated) Fragment of red faience inlay (not illustrated) Man. 4012 Inscribed fragments coffin (not illustrated) Inlaid Man. 4013 eye fragments Man. 4014 fragments (not illustrated) Two inscribed limestone "Scarab" for "9LS inscribed z5 "Portion jar" canopic of inscribed "Lid of canopic jar in the form of Isis" "Wooden ushabti full inscriptions" figure, missing head, & 24 Negs. A. 15,17 "Tiny white alabaster kohl vessel" "Few gold beads and glaze" Ceramic vessel - Mer. 16.11.06.16, now lost Two cow horns - Mer. 16.11.06.1, now lost Very badly damaged inscribed block - Neg. A. 4

eye (not

illustrated)

Man. 4009 -

7 A'06 Location Construction Contents: Close to 6 A'06

"One pit" -

(1)

Ceramic vessel;

fabric

reddish-yellow

7.5 YR 6/6,

thin

wash

of

190
(2) (3) 7.5 YR 6/6, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; light reddish-yellow 2.5 YR 6/8, with patches of smoke-blackening Liv. E. 4677 7.5 fabric Ceramic vessel; YR 6/6, reddish-yellow self-slip Man. 3964

white

10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 6813

red -

(4) (5) (6)

(7)

7.5 YR 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow wash on upper body light red 10 R 6/8 - Liv. E. 6846; Neg. A. 20 7.5 YR 6/4 Ceramic vessel; fabric Man. 3972; reddish-yellow Neg. A. 20 Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow, wash light red 10 R 6/6, traces of white bands on upper body 5 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 10.20.10; Neg. A. 20
(6) (4) Ceramic vessel inscribed to clearly above, shaped as (other for the 3tw n three have worn traces) of an ink inscription Neg. A. 20 blf3, Senebtify ,t 3 figures "7a [=superstructure? ] broken with stela and inscription" "Fragments coffin" of inscribed "End of a stone coffin" Neg. A. 12 "Large portion Neg. A. 12 of coffin" "Small faience beads" "Gold earring" "Shell and [? ]" "Gold leaf" "Impress Neg. A. 19 of a seal "2 small hawk beads of wood" Two ceramic vessels Mer 16.11.06.18 19, now lost and "Glazed ball bead and tubes" "Wood fittings inscribed all burnt" portions and of wood coffin,

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)

8 A'06
Location Construction Contents: Eastern (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Pit with irregular brown patches, - not known

"Two pits" -

brown Ceramic fabric vessel; horizontally BJK/EA burnished "Small ushabti figures" "Gold ring, perished" "Few ball beads" "Fragments of alabaster" "Fragments of ivory" Pit

Western

No contents are recorded as having dug" it was "broken and previously

come from

this

part

of

the

tomb

as

191

9 A'06
Location Construction Contents: Western Pit - not known pits with "a small mastaba located to the south"

Three -

(1) (2)
(3)

(4)

(5)
(6)

Beads of: i) blue faience ii) dull blue x2, x2, black faience faience faience iii) turquoise xl, x28, iv) black faience x16, v) bone x5, vi) carnelian blue faience x3, vii) x4, green faience x2, carnelian viii) xl, ix) carnelian x2, x) lapis-lazuli xl, xi) dark faience blue/green faience green faience x3, xii) xl, xiii) green bright blue faience faience blue/green xl, xiv) xv) xl, xl Liv. E. 9384 Stela inscribed Upper for the 'Great One of the Tens of Egypt, "from top" Ren[? ]', Neg. A. 21 -

Blue anhydrite vessel - Mer. 1977.109.83 Ivory lid of a quadripartite vessel - Man.4082

"Copper mirror"
"Beads

of carnelian

and jasper"

Central (7) (8) (9)

Pit "Two ivory hands" - MacGregor 699 "Few glazed dog amulets and glazed "Fragment of a kohl pot"

bead"

(10)

"Fruits" Pit

Eastern
(11) (12)

Incised "Small

rod blue

faience of turquoise beads, New Kingdom"

Man. 4079 -

10 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) - not known pit"

"A single -

Alabaster lid - Man. 4039 vessel "Fragment bowl" of a faience "Scarab of 0S It "Base of an ushabti" "12th dynasty beads" "Portion of a large ushabti"

11 A'06

Location Construction

Probably "Two pits. -

near 4 A'06 Filling thrown behind 4"

192 Contents: Western (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Pit

Fragmentary vessel - Man. 4026 anhydrite Man. 4001 Bone inlay strip fragments faience inlay blue/green Four dark Man. 4025 illustrated) black brown stone x2, ii) Beads of: i) polished iv) green faience x2 - Man. 4076 xl, garnet Liv. E. 9115 Blue faience amulet Ivory ring - Man. 4019 Pit

(the stone xl,

largest iii)

Eastern

(7)
(8) (9) (10)

"Alabaster

kohl

"Glaze seal (scarab), Man. 4024 "Pottery cylinders" "Scarab"

pot" - Mer. 16.11.06.202,

lotus-bud

now lost

inscription"

(not

illustrated)

12 A'06 Location Construction - not known descending the onto the and 2 old pits to may be a mud-brick

"Long passage, the filling thrown passage of an Old Kingdom mastaba " The "Old Kingdom west. mastaba" for two shaft-tombs superstructure

Contents: 'Pit'
(1)

1
Ceramic interior reddish-brown vessel; BJK/EA fabric, burnished red slip on

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) "West (9) (10) (11) (12)

YR 2.5 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/6, slip red reddish-yellow 5/6, traces of wash white 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4374 10 R Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 8/6, slip red reddish-yellow 5/8 - Liv. E. 4918 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, traces paint of white red slip, around the rim - BJK/EA burnished fabric Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 6/6, slip reddish-yellow light red 10 R 6/8 - Liv. E. 4474 "Rough kohl dish with mud lid" "Mud vase" wall outlier of pit containing"

Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow 7.5 YR 6/6, 5/6, bands painted white 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4003

slip

red

10

"Few 12th dynasty beads" "Fragment dish" of faience "Scarab with bird design" "Small beads on a string"

193 'Pit'
(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19)

2
"Statuette limestone 9 in. high, head missing = Neg. A. 25 "Small glazed kohl pot" "Part of dark stone object" "Four decorated Middle Kingdom scarabs" "Group of New Kingdom scarabs" "Beads and shell" "Part of alabaster pot" inscribed" Plate 5

13 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not known pit"

"A single -

"Stone lid of a kohl pot" "Yellow jar" "Few beads" "Earring" "Near 13 A'06 - Fragments now lost

of a plain

ivory

Mer. 16.11.06.5, wand" -

14 A'06
Location Construction Contents: "South of 1 A'06" pit"

"A single -

(1)

"Few beads"

15 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not known pit"

"A single -

(3) (4)

) - Man. 4081 head-rest(? Base of an ivory 27mm.x. 4mm. x4, ii) beads; i) cylindrical Blue faience disc 13mm. tall 6mm. tall x 3mm. x 5mm. wide x2, iii) (not illustrated) Mer. 16.11.06.8 "Fragment wooden coffin" of inscribed "Comb"

spheroids xl wide,

(5)

"Pots

in the door"

194 16 A'06
Location "Situated of Construction Contents: Western (1) (2) Pit 2 yards a mastaba over to the east dug pits" of 10 A'06... to the north

"Two pits" -

(3)

(4)

(5)

Liv. E. 4536 10 YR 6/4, self-slip Ceramic vessel; fabric pale red Beads of: i) green faience ii) iv) garnet xl, x20, iii) shell x2, black faience x108, x74, vi) steatite carnelian xl, v) blue/green faience turquoise xl, viii) xl, stone x16, garnet xl, vii) garnet blue faience ix) xi) calcite x5, black stone x3, xl, x) steatite xl, xii) steatite xl - Liv. E. 2395 iii) blue faience Beads of: i) blue faience blue ii) x12, xl, faience iv) blue faience xl, v) green and black x35, red glazexl, black faience faience blue faience streaked xl, vi) green xl, vii) light blue blue dark ix) with xl, viii) carnelian glass xl, 'crumbs' faience xl, xi) yellow x) blue faience xl, x3, red/orange faience blue faience faience xl xl, red/orange xii) xl, Liv. E. 2394 faience Beads i) ii) barrel 15mm., green of: carnelian 1 'trumpet'-shell 9mm., iv) 17mm., iii) 2 blue faience spheroids 12mm., vi) 6.5mm., v) plum-shaped blue faience haemetite spheroid illustrated) 1.2 fragment 45mm. (not quartz of x 0.9 xO. Mer. 16.11.06.31 'taunt' Beads of: lentoid jasper amulet 13mm., ii) green silver 18mm., iii) 7.5mm, carnelian x2, amethyst x5, rough hippopotami felspar Mer. 16.11.06.9 x4 (not illustrated) Pit

Eastern "Empty"

17 A'06
Location Construction - see plan "Mastaba tomb" - in this the contents, was of view to attached probably an offering-chapel which was either Since the tomb or served as an independent entity. a North Cemetery dug is the area on the edge of the Great Wadi, the latter may be the case. overlooking

Contents: (1) Stela inscribed for "y"Neg. A. 18

18 A'06
Location Near the Plate 6 -a southern edge of the North Cemetery,

195

see

Construction

forming group of rectangular shafts a single group, The and served by a mud-brick superstructure nearby. is known. number of chambers each shaft possessed not See Plate 6

Contents: from The following objects seem mainly to derive but, due to post-depositional the group, mixing, assemblage as a single (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) two of the in shafts they have been treated

(7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)

(19) (20)

(21) (22)
(23)

Neg. A. 33, Base-ring Birmingham MacGregor juglet unnumbered, 1718; Merrillees 1968,111 & p1. III, 2 Ceramic vessel, brown fabric, slip - BJK/EA no Ceramic vessel; brown fabric light very pale red 2.5 YR 6/6, slip 10 YR 7/3, painted lines 5 YR 5/3 - Liv. E. 4452 reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; fabric very pale brown 10 YR red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip 7/3, painted lines 5 YR 5/3 - Liv. E. 4255 reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; fabric light brown 7.5 YR 6/4, slip red 10 R 5/6 Mer. 1977.109.97; Neg. A. 33 burnished Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 6/6, slip reddish-yellow 10 horizontally body and vertically lower body to red on upper on R 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.115; Neg. A. 33 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, burnished red slip reddish-yellow 10 R 4/8 - Mer. 1977.109.132 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, vertically reddish-yellow slip burnished to red 10 R 4/8 - Mer. 1977.109.135 10 R Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 7/6, slip red reddish-yellow 5/8 - Liv. E, 3073 10 Ceramic vessel; burnished to red red 10 R 5/6, vertically slip R 5/8 - Carmarthen, A. 75.849 Ceramic vessel; fabric burnished red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip vertically to red 10 R 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.111 Ceramic vessel, fabric, reddish-brown red slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip red 10 R 5/6, interior burnished to red 10 R 5/6 - Mer. 1977.109.107 Ceramic vessel, fabric reddish-brown with dark grey core, red slip burnish BJK/EA on interior with concentric Ceramic vessel; fabric 10 R 5/4, red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip weak red burnished to red 10 R 4/8 - Mer. 1977.109.98 on interior Ceramic vessel, brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric YR 5/8, 10 R 5/8 red 2.5 slip red Mer. 1977.109.127 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, slip light-red 10 reddish-yellow R 6/8, interior burnished 10 R 5/8 Mer. 1973.1.378; to red MacGregor 1685 Ceramic vessel; fabric very pale brown 10 YR 7/4, slip on interior 5 YR 4/3 - Liv. E. 4560 reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; fabric slip reddish-yellow, red 10 R 5/8, white paint cross 5 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 188.1968

Alabaster Alabaster

Tripartite anhydrite Ure. E. 23.37; Neg. A. 31

vessel vessel

U. C. L. 38019; Neg. A. 31; MacGregor 996 U. C. L. 38018; Neg. A. 31; MacGregor 996 vessel (but with alabaster

lid)

196
(24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) Alabaster vessel - U. C. L. 38015; Neg. A. 31; MacGregor 997 MacGregor 954 Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1973.1.244; Fragment of stone vessel lid - Liv. E. 7122 Liv. E. 6542 Sandstone hone/rubber hole -Liv. E. 6524 Slate with single palette, Fragment of incised dot-and-circle with strip, a bone inlay Man. 3999 decoration incised Fragment of dot-and-circle with strip, a bone inlay Liv. E. 7045 decoration incised dot-and-circle Fragment of with strip, a bone inlay Man. 3999 decoration incised dot-and-circle Fragment of with strip, a bone inlay Man. 3999 decoration (pin? ) - Liv. E. 7123 Fragment of ivory Liv. E. 7122 fragments Ivory bracelet 'nh-amulet Liv. E. 178 Fragment of a blue faience Liv. E. 179 Two fragments blue faience rings of Man. 3982 blue 'crumbs' light Bead of dark blue faience with faience iii) blue/green ii) Beads of: i) blue faience x6, x4, faience faience iv) green faience xl, v) green turquoise x2, x2, faience blue/green lapis-lazuli x1, viii) xl, vii) vi) faience blue blue faience lapis-lazuli ix) light xl, x2, x) xl, faience blue xl copper xiii) xl, xl, xii) xi) blue faience Man. 4075 Liv. E. 39; "From limestone stela of ground" surface a worn Neg. A. 26 Mer. 16.11.06.22-23, Ceramic vessels now lost R'(? ) for Fragment limestone inscribed jar, canopic of Mer. 16.11.06.409 Neg. A. 27 Two faience bowls, with decoration plants of aquatic 'A quantity beads' - MacGregor 1440 of faience "Kohl stick mounted" of obsidian, "Near 18 scarab "Scarab of Amenhotep" (? ) Fragment of head of statuette Neg. A. 29 -

(39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47)

(48)

'Nubian'

razor,

with

fragment

of wood attached

Neg. A. 29 -

19 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not known pit"

"A single -

"Few shells" "Glazed beads"

20 A'06 Location Construction "Two metres "A single to the pit" east of 15 A'06, towards the Shuna"

Contents: (1) Ivory Man. 4152 pin -

197
(2) (3) (4) (3) (6) "Head of similar pin" "Ivory [? ] bud of a pomegranate ?" "Green glazed beads" "Two fragments of alabeter" Beni "Wood fragments of coffin. Sbtp-ib-'nbi

Hassan

slain

type"

naming

21 A'06
Location Construction Contents: East (1) (2) (3) Pit Liv. E. 4050 Ceramic vessel; fabric 2.5 Y 8/2, self-slip marl 10 R 5/6, patch of fabric Ceramic vessel; 2.5 YR 5/6, slip red red 7.5 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4212 wash pinkish-white "Body of a crude limestone 8 inches high" (illus. not c. statuette, Hornemann & 25; Man. 3997; Plate 5; Negs. A. 15,24, to scale) 1951,107 "In filling near top of 9 A'06"

"Two broken -

down pits"

(4)
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

Bone pin - Man. 4153

("and lid", Liv. E. 2694 Alabaster vessel now missing) (and one fragment) Two copper rings Mer. 49.47.591 "Scarab of +I" "Green faience ball beads and one stone bead" "Glass beads" "Dish with incised palm pattern" "Fruit"

(12)

"Five

scarabs"

22 A'06 Location
Construction

"To the east of 9 A'06" "Pits", contents with are following least the two chambers at to come from the "Western Chamber" said

Contents: (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5)

2.25 wide and depicting "On surface 4" of an ivory magical wand, legged disc" - Neg. A. 35 frog, a a winged creature and a decoration Fragment of (1) ?, an ivory part of wand with incised 2.8 cm wide x 1.9 cm high x 0.7 head, facing of a jackal's right, (not illustrated) Mer. 16.11.06.304 thick cm "Beads" (now lost) "Three portions vase" - Mer. 16.11.06.24 of an alabaster "Pair inscribed" of late ushabtis,

23 A'06 Location Construction not known "One pit" -

198
Contents: (1) -

(2) (3)

Beads of: i) red faience x6, white faience x13, x10, blue faience faience blue faience x7, ii) x24, yellow green faience yellow xl, faience iii) xl, core material x2, green faience turquoise x2, faience faience iv) blue/green faience x65, v) turquoise xl, xl, blue faience faience blue x595, vii) vi) blue/green x3, viii) faience xl - Liv. E. 2593 Beads faience ii) light-green i) xl, of: carnelian xi Mer. 1977.109.8 Limestone fragment eye - Liv. E. 661 of an inlaid

24 A'06
Location "At the western 301" "Four pits, end of the old 'E' cemetery, to the west of

Construction Contents: Chambers objects. Chamber -

A to the

west

D (empty and

pit)

to

the

east"

A and B seem to have been The listed contents are: A

robbed

and

yielded

no

traceable

"Piece of ivory" "Small alabaster vase" "Bronze head of a staff with "12th dynasty ball beads" Chamber B "Painted blade of an oar" "Ushabti" "Dark glazed beads" "Scarab of Sa-Nefer" "Small faience pendants" "Standing stone cup, broken"

wood"

Chamber C "A deep pit with upper chambers t and Q. Descending to of a depth A further two chambers were the come upon, northern about 9 metres. dynasty burialswere Three undisturbed 12th being closed with bricks. (i) and (ii) backs and left half on their found. were lying sides while (iii) feet Chamber cut into the these was more over on its side. of feet of (ii) damaged during Hair pins were found burials, this process. Small beads found between the hands of near the feet and neck of (iii). (i) and (ii)". "From the pit outside the door" (i. e. shaft of C)

"Scarab" "Fragment of a statue" "Fragments of alabaster" "Some beads"

199 Burial (i)

"On south (upper west) side. Male" "Beads, between (i) and (ii) - probably "Green glazed ball beads around neck" "Gold shell pendant" "Amethyst scarab" "Hair between legs" pin reputedly

for

the

hand of

(ii)"

Burial
"Middle

(ii)
was the located major burial from objects the of group aand this tomb. See Plate

female". This burial, the all seems to have yielded 7 for the objects in-situ

(1)
(2) (3) (4)

Alabaster

Alabaster vessel - Bol. A. 110.1968; Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2710 Broken base of an alabaster vessel

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.52 -

Negs. A. 31,38 Liv. E. 2593 -

& 40

(5)
(6) (7) (8)

Alabaster

(9) (10)
(11) Also

"and (missing) Anhydrite lid" vessel, & 40 Negs. A. 31,38 Tripartite alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.89; Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.66 Fragments listed

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.70; -

Negs. A. 31,38,39,
Neg. A. 38

& 40

Mer. 1977.109.84;

Ivory pin - Man.. 4154 Fragment of a plaster mask (? ) - Liv. E. 3724

of a silver bracelet (not are:

illustrated)

Liv. E. 999 -

"Hair pins at feet" "Tiny alabaster vase" "Small cup of stone" "Rectangular palette" "Glazed beads at ball ribbed "Obsidian kohl stick" (iii)

neck"

Burial

"On left Female probably side. with broken skull" (the former "Beads and gold before are chain neck" beads Mer. 1977.109.5, these could although unillustrated from any part of the tomb

possibly probably

the come

"Scarab"
in the This tomb seems to have been re-excavated bearingthe designation 24 A'07: are objects 1907 season, there

as

(12) Ivory boy, with stamp seal in the form of a squatting one finger for Nhti imy-r pr m3' brw (not illustrated) in his mouth, inscribed 1971, No. 806 and refs. cit. B. M. 54677; Negs. A. 41-44; see Martin

(13) Multi-scarab (not illustrated)

blue faience bead, with Liv. E. 2305 -

cartouche

of N-m3't-r'

on base

200 25 A'06
Location In the western tomb 301 - not fabric known end of the 'E' cemetery, south-west of

Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

5 YR 7/6, slip red 10 R 5/8, reddish-yellow vessel; band at mouth white 2.5 Y 8/2 - Liv. E. 4572 painted (not beads 16 blue tube 'Blue faience glazed and ape amulet Mer. 16.11.06.242 illustrated) (not illustrated) Man. 4077 + Wooden 'dad' and 'buckle' amulets 4080 "Plait of hair" "Ushabti ?" Gq of "Small glazed beads" "Wooden hand" "Fragments stelae" of inscribed Ceramic

26 A'06 Location Construction Contents: - not known pit"

"A single -

(1)

"A few ball

beads (12th Dynasty)"

Mer. 16.11.06.6 -

(now lost)

27 A'06
Location Construction Contents: - not known

"One pit" none recorded or located

28 A'06 Location Construction Contents: (1) 6/6, 10 self-slip, YR 3/4 - not known pit"

"A single -

10 YR fabric Ceramic vessel; brownish-yellow bands dark traces yellowish-brown of painted Liv. E. 6380

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)

Alabaster

lid

Polished limestone vessel - Man. 3961 "Scarab with scroll design Gv " "Glazed tube beads" "Pendants"

Liv. E. 2554 -

201 29 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) blue ii) faience spheroids 3.5mm xl, iv) dull spheroid Mer. 16.11.06.7 illustrated - not known pit"

"A single -

(2)

Beads of: i) shell disc 3.5mm. x31, 5mm. x14, iii) flatttened carnelian 'conches' 11mm. xl (not red pottery "2 scarabs, one with a gold mount"

30 A'06 Location Construction - not known at the

with skeleton extended on back, the head southern end" - Plate 8; Negs. A. 47 & 48 -

"Grave

Contents: (1)

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

2.5 Ceramic vessel found "west of the head"; fabric YR light red 6/6, self-slip, bands of light thin bands of red and thick painted blue - Man. 3966; Plate 8; Negs. A. 47 & 48 "2-handled amphora" - Plate 8; Negs. A. 47 & 48 "East of the head a large dish" Plate 8; Negs. A. 47 & 48 "Set of red pendants "Earrings" "Glass beads, white spots in black"

31 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not known pit"

"A single -

"Green glazed ball beads" "Green scarab" "Amethyst beads" "Carnelian scarab" "Beads and small pendants"

32 A'06
N

Location Construction Contents: -

- not

known

"One pit" -

(1)

Blue faience

w 3t-amulet

Liv. E. 9116 -

202 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) faience Beads of: i) turquoise Liv. E. 2451 Bone ring - Liv. E. 7296 "Metal ring" "Part figure" of pottery "Ivory handle" "Fragments inlay" of ivory "Scarab" xl, ii) turquoise faience xl -

(9)

"Lid

of alabaster

kohl

pot"

33 A'06 Location Construction Contents:

(1) (2)

not known not known -

"Ushabti, uninscribed" "Small glazed tube beads"

34 A'06
Location Construction Contents: (1) stone coffins" Neg. A. 49 "East of the fort" Roman period"

"A tomb of -

the

"Several

203 EXCAVATIONS 1907 OF

300 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) "Broken stele found in redeem to East"

not known "Much broken mastaba with only south wall complete"

301 A'07 Location

Construction

"East -

of 300 A'07"
Mastaba to East. 15 feet below surface walls

"Deep tomb. 9 ft. high"

Contents:

are To are

have been adjoining tombs and 301 A'07 and 328 A'07 seem to (1980,233-240). as a single group by Kemp and Merrillees published here duplication, listed illustrated the only objects and avoid by Kemp and Merrillees those not figured

(1) (2)

Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip red 10 R 5/6, painted band at mouth grey 7.5 YR 6/0 - Bol. A. 139.1968 10 Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow fabric 5 YR 6/6, slip light-red R 6/6, burnished to red 10 R 5/8 - Bol. A. 164.1968

302 A'07
Location Construction - not known

An offering-chapel, much broken a "Very of consisting South and east walls of mastaba with kiosk to the north. Behind kiosk complete, the west. with fragment of the Li. down, lower to the west and a shrine west wall, facing Seemingly this east". with associated "Oblong tomb to below top of wall superstructure was an with 2 chambers"

Contents: (1) fabric Ceramic vessel; with sand temper red 10 R 5/6 - Liv. E. 4914 slip "Pots coffin reddish-yellow 5 YR 7/6,

(2)
(3)

"3 pots"

found mask"

under

head with

round

black

seal

and fragment

of

gilt

(4)

"In

[chamber]

i\

wooden coffin

head to west very frail"

204 303 A'07

Location Construction - not known gone.

"Mastaba with surrounding walls almost entirely Fragments of northern, eastern and southern walls"

Contents: (1) Ceramic west, fine marl vessel; 3 ft. below surface" 2.5 Y 8/2 fabric Bol. A. 151.1968 "found in redeem to

304 A'07
Location Construction - not known below running surface East wall apart. a metre down" 3 ft. north slopes

"Two parallel walls and south, about outwards about 2 ft f

Contents: (1)

6 ft. "Part Stela with found in redeem cut out of middle, of (see 360 A'07) - Liv. E. 30; below surface to south-east" also No. 125 Negs. A. 117-120; Kitchen 1961 & 1962; Franke 1984,108

305 A'07

Location
Construction

not known "West and south Offering-chapel walls superstructure of In west wall to south a of kiosk with trace of plaster. 2m. by lm. about, with oblong shrine" square projection

Contents: (1) "Scarab found in redeem XIIth? "

306 A'07
Location Construction - not known

Entrance facing It seems that this tomb east". tombs, a series of chambers was, with the following For 306-310 which shared a "wall a plan at west". of (1); 308 A'07 A'07 see after the the illustration of field-notebook of 306-308 A'07, and gives a sketch-plan based the positions of 309 A'07 and 310 A'07 are on Neg. A. 122 (= Plate 9)

"Tomb.

Contents: (1) blue/green Beads of: i) green faience faience xl, ii) x120, shell blue faience x12, iv) blue glass xl, x28, red faience x8, iii) v) dark blue blue faience vii) xl, vi) shell x26, stone xl, viii) dark green glass x2 - Bol. A. 90.1968

205 (2) Beads of: i) carnelian blue/green faience iii) xl, ii) x33, faience faience iv) blue/green faience x4, v) blue/green xl, faience light-green xl, vi) orange clay xl, dark blue stone Bol. A. 88.1968 blue x2, xl -

307 A'07

Location Construction
Contents: (1) -

Immediately "Tomb" -

south of 306 A'07.

See plan

Ceramic

vessel;

slipped

and burnished

to red

10 R 5/8

Liv. E. 4059 -

308 A'07
Location Construction Immediately south of 307 A'07. See plan and Plate steps 9 with

"Tomb. Curious structure at a [? ] at each side of north

south-east and south

end of wall"

Contents: (1) Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown fabric, cream slip BJK/EA -

309 A'07
Location Immediately of wall south of 308 A'07. The north is parallel of the wall to south superstructure A'07, with a distance them. of two feet in-between plan and Plate 9 "Hosh, no pit. wall practically none recorded Relief gone" or located in middle of North wall. the 300 See

Construction

South

Contents:

310 A'07 Location Construction South of 309 A'07. See plan and Plate at 9 East. 3ft. below

"Large Hosh. Complete. Neg. A. 121 surface" none recorded or located

Entrance

Contents:

311 A'07 Location Construction Contents: - not "Pit" none recorded or located. known

206

312 A'07
Location Construction Contents: - not known wall S. E. and S. W. corners and of a tomb"

"South

"Near
(1) (2) (3)

Seventeen clay model tools - Liv. E. 1301 & Mer. 1974.190.18 "8 Small saucers, 2 perforated" figure" doll "Upper part of a female limestone

312 : -"

313 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) very frail and broken down the middle" - not known grave. 2ft. 6" below surface, lying east and west"

"Sunk

"Wooden coffin,

314 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not known tomb 2ft. below surface lying East and West"

"Oblong

faience Beads of: i) blue faience light-blue ii) worn xl, iii) xl, blue dark blue & opaque faience iv) faience blue x3, xi faience faience x2, turquoise turquoise xl, v) x2, vi) glass/stone faience turquoise x8 - Liv. E. 2378 vii)

315 A'07 Location Construction Parallel "Oblong 20 feet. of green serpentine flecked with orange to 314 A'07 Goes apart. with 314 15ft. below surface" chambers 6ft. down

tomb, parallel On east side

Contents: (1)

Grinding-palette Bol. A. 104.1968 in redeem: -"

"Found (2) (3) (4) (5)

Liv. E. 7066-7069 Fragments of ivory inlay strips (painted) "Fragments of coffin" "Few flat white beads" (from dot-and-circle Inlay motif strip with single

a sketch

in

the

207
field notebook)

316 A'07
Location Construction - not known

"Square enlosure N. N. E., S. E. E., S. S. W. & N. N. W". lying "Two pits in rock East above i-ii. 2 chambers in west Possibly two pits, chamber". rock above, i another side by side, both with chambers off to the their east at bases, with i having a chamber to the west. See plan

Contents: (1) (2)

(illus. not to scale, from a sketch in the field

"Scarab"

(3)

notebook) "Stele, face down". XVIIIth? found 7 ft. N. E. from corner, Dublin. 1920.273; Inscribed for the s3w rwdw n Wsir, Nakhti-ankh Neg. A. 125 "Many little round beads"

317 A'07
Location Construction To north-west known of 316. Corner (south-east) of wall"

- not

Contents:
(1) (2)

self-slip, painted

Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, reddish-yellow band on mouth red 10 R 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.96 "Fragment jamb" of inscribed

(3) (4) (5)

Green faience wing of a scarab (not illus. Four eggs (not illus. ) - Cairo 45366 Small beads (not illus. ) - Cairo 45366

) - Cairo 45366

318 A'07
Location Construction - not known

"Brick structure east, with straight wall facing with a [? ] caused deep and curved wall coming round from north. by fallen bricks. hole to east [? ] in wall, Irregular 5 ft. below top" grinding-palette built in [? ]. Liv. E. 6501 Face up" (= Liv. E. 14; Neg.

Contents: (1) (2)

Fragment of a serpentine "In south corner a stela A. 645 ?)

208 319 A'07 Location Construction - not known brick struccure facing N. N. E. etc, 4 ft. below

"Oblong surface"

Contents:

none recorded

or located

320 A'07
Location Construction "Below 319" with north to 321? " and south sides converging

"Brick structure to east. Belongs none recorded

Contents:

or located

321 A'07 Location Listed as ANOC 19 by Simpson have been sited in the close -A (1974), vicinity therefore of E. 330 in it may

Construction

brick solid structure, with a stela-niche its four sides (see Plates 10 and 11).

each

of

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) "At

top. Limestone " box -

(5)

(6)

(7) (8)

front below south side 7ft. of west wall, " Liv. E. 712; Plate 12 containing... "... wooden box of same shape, painted yellow Mer. 55.82.114; Plate 12 "... inside" with gilt ushabti "Fine stela. 3 rows of figures and inscription facing Negs. A. 126,132, west" - Bol. 10.20.11; 18 "Unpainted four rows of figures, lying stela, Nail? through south of wall. top left corner" Neg. A. 137 "321c. Stela, upper part worn away. Inscribed figures. Found in redeem to north of 321,5ft. Liv. E. 31; Neg. A. 137 "In redeem part of black basalt head" "Pot XIIth"

and inscribed...

In between. niche & 134; Donohue 1966, face up. Cairo Heads to J. E. 39069; 2 -

in hieroglyphs, below surface"

209 322 A'07

Location Construction Contents: - not known with 3 false doors in east wall"

"Mastaba

none recorded

or located

323 A'07
Location Construction Contents: "North "Hosh. of 306"

Empty" or located

none recorded

324 A'07
Location Construction - not known 12ft. below surface. Two chambers

"Long tomb in gebel. N. W. and S. E. "

Contents: fabric Ceramic 5 YR 7/6, vessel: reddish-yellow 5 YR 6/3, 10 reddish-brown paint white on rim Bol. A. 148.1968 (2) Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA (3) Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA no slip "Coffin (4) and canopic box, very fragile" "Two jars in box" (5) "Jar and two heads of jars at mouth[? ] of chamber" (6) Plate 13 = Negs. A. 138-140 . "Coffin (7) south of box, wood" "3 coffins (8) wood very frail" "Fragments (9) of masks" (10) "A few beads" (1) light slip YR 8/1 -

Liv. E. 6897;

325 A'07
Location Construction Close - not to (west of ?) 310 A'07

known

Contents: (1)
(2)

Limestone

(2)

"Stela in redeem. Ift. Inscribed below surface". for One of the Tens of Upper Egypt' Bmbw (not illustrated) Negs. A. 122 & 123; Budge 191X, p1.34; Simpson 1974,22 z Franke 1984,165 No. 230 "Limestone Kneeling statue. with hands on knees. 3ft.

spindle

whorl

(? ) - Liv. E. 7810; Neg. A. 124

'Great the B. M. 1562; & p1.65; Inscribed"

210 326 A'07

Location Construction - not known of thick limestone

Chamber with interior construction slabs - Plate 14 = Neg. A. 142

Contents: (1) (2) (3) BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip Alabaster vessel - Mer. 60.34.21 (not illustrated) Neg. A. 145 Inscribed lid sarcophagus -

327 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) light 8/1 "West "Rosh" of 322"

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

fabric Ceramic 5 YR 7/6, slip vessel; reddish-brown 5 YR 6/4, painted band at mouth white 10 YR reddish-brown Liv. E. 4971 "Alabaster Dynasty" vase XIIth "Pot with beads found in redeem" "Kohl pot and wooden pencil" "Green glaze disc and carnelian [beads]" "Eye amulets"

328 A'07
Location Construction - not known N. E. [? ] entrance from bottom of

"Pit lying east by west. 301 which it [? ]" -

Contents: See the (1)

comments for green

301 A'07 sherds with brown decoration Liv. E. 127 & 132 -

Light

faience

329 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) BJK/EA no slip 16 = Neg. A. 147 - not "Pit" known

(4) (5)

Slate palette - Liv. E. 6522 "Pottery model of hoe" Liv. 1302

fabric, Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2688; Plate Calcite vessel - Liv. E. 2599

211
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Liv. E. 129 Fragment of blue faience Liv. E. 130 Fragment of blue faience beginning "Fragment inscribed, of inscription" of stone inscribed" "In redeem fragment ushabti, of limestone "Stone jamb with traces of paint" "Broken scarab" head [of Horus] as handle" "Wooden shell-shaped spoon with 16 = Neg. A. 147

Plate 16

(13)
(14)

Anhydrite

vessel

Wooden spoon in Neg. A. 147

the

Plate -

form

hand holding of a

16 = Neg. A. 147

a dish

Plate

330 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not "Pit" known

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip blue/green x400, red Beads of: i) green serpentine glaze xl, ii) xl, glaze iii) iv) red glaze x2, blue green glaze x4, glaze x24, limestone viii) blue glaze x1, vi) blue glaze x2, x14, vii) v) blue xl, xi) blue lapis-lazuli ix) glaze x) xl, xl, glaze blue glass xl - Liv. E. 2345 blue/green xl, xii) glaze 'not Two scarabs (illus. Cairo 45369 to scale) Copper scraps (illus. Cairo 45369 not to scale) 1979,40 Bronze mirror Cairo unlocated; Lilyquist n. 453 ] stela" "Near to 330 to north, fragment limestone[? of (including "2 small kohl pots... with lids") Four alabaster vases Cairo unlocated

331 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

fabric light Ceramic vessel; brown 7.5 YR 6/4, slip reddish-brown 10 R 4/4, spattering of white paint - Mer. 1977.109.129 BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; slip no "In redeem fragment of stone ushabti"

332 A'07
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

5 YR 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow paint cross 5 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 189.1968 white

slip

red 10 R 5/6,

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(7) (8) (9) (10)

Stamped amphora handle Bol. A. 225.1968 Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA no slip Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/6, slip reddish-yellow red 10 R 5/6, 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. wash whi_: _J2.1968 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/8, slip 10 light reddish-yellow red R 6/6, burnished to red 10 R 5/8, paint bands white 10 vertically YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 208.1968 Beads of: i) dark blue ii) xl, stone iii) green glaze xl, blue/green glaze xl, iv) blue/green glaze x1 - Liv. E. 2439 "4 clay ushabtis" "Eye for cartonnage" "Stone scarab decorated with spirals"

212

333 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) 10 and - not - not known known

(3)
(4)

Ceramic vessel; fabric light reddish-brown red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip R 4/4, painted lines 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4931 and spots white Ceramic vessel; fabric light 7.5 YR 6/4, slipped reddish-brown burnished 10 R 4/4 - Liv. E. 4924 to reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 5/8, paint at Liv. E. 4613 "Ushabtis" "Decayed wooden hawk, painted" "2 small scarabs, one mounted"

Ceramic pot stand; fabric reddish-yellow 5/6, wash white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4511

5 YR 7/8,
5

slip

red 2.5 YR

YR 6/6, mouth white

and slipped 5 YR 8/1 -

(5) (6) (7)

Pot types: 334 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) Slate -

7 (2)

- not - not

known known

palette

(2) (3)
(4) (5) (6) (7)

Black and white diorite vessel lid Anhydrite vessel lid - Liv. E. 2558 "2
clay sealings of "Large copper razor" "Alabaster kohl pot" "Wooden comb" Neg. jars" Neg. A. 149 Neg. A. 149 A. 149

Liv. E. 5332a; -

Neg. A. 149

Liv. E. 2534x -

335 A'07
Location - not known

213
Construction - not known

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) "Fragments inscribed stone in hieroglyph" of "Large with inscriptions piece of green glaze object line" "Small fragment of magic wand" "A few beads" above central

336 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Neg. A. 151 incised" - not - not known known

figure bed - Liv. E. 5290; Limestone concubine on "Fragment and figures of coffin with inscription "Fragment chamber" of wall of inscribed "Small decorated scarab" "Pottery" "Unglazed ushabtis" "Small [? ]" "[? ] cylinder" "Beads"

337 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) - not - not known known

2.5 Y 8/2 - Mer. 1977.109.119 Ceramic vessel; marl fabric BBJK/EA fabric-Ceramic vessel; pale greenish-cream fabric 2.5 Y 8/2 - Liv. E. 3081 Ceramic vessel; marl 5 YR 6/3, slip fabric light Ceramic vessel; pale red reddish-brown band at mouth white 5 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 194.1968 10 R 6/4, paint 7.5 YR 7/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; wash on upper reddish-yellow body weak red 10 R 5/4 - Bol. A. 147.1968 Broken anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2597 bowl - Liv. E. 4814 (unlocated) Ceramic vessel, shallow "Few varied beads" "Gold shell bead"

338 A'07
Location Construction - not - not known known

214 Contents:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.139 "Bone pin" "Few green glaze beads" "Gold earring" "Ball beads blue beads and long cylinder "[? ] hawk of wood, broken" "Hair bone, broken" pin, "Sea shell"

glaze"

339 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) incised - not - not known known

"Few beads" "Fragment of "Scarab" "Wooden ears

stela"

of cartonnage"

340 A'07 Location Construction Contents:

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

not known "Pit" -

"In filling Plate 15; Negs. A. 152 small seated granite statuette" & 154 "Small Osiris bronze figure" "Varied beads" "Ball beads" "Green glazed scarab, decorated" "Near 340 small scarab and few beads" (or 568 A'08) Alabaster Liv. E. 2609 sherds (not illustrated) -

341A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; BJK/EA reddish-brownfabric, no slip Ceramic vessel; BJK/EA brown fabric, no slip "Portion for sarcophagus in bone and plaster" of inlay "Few small green glaze beads" "Fragments for sarcophagus" of inlay "Eye for cartonnage"

215
342 A'07 Location Construction Contents: records between objects from "Parallel "Pit" with 335"

There is some confusion in the surviving tomb and those from 345 A'07 this (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

(16) (17)
Pot

inside Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip with concentric BJK/EA burnish fabric, inside Ceramic vessel; burnished red slip reddish-brown BJK/EA horizontally Ceramic vessel; fabric, slip on outside red reddish-brown and white paint around rim - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/6, slip weak red 10 R reddish-yellow 5/4 - Bol. A. 191.1968 BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2699; Neg. A. 160 Gold shell Mer. 1977.109.2 pendant (not illustrated) "Large limestone to Min" stela offering "Small broken kohl pot, dark stone" "2 poor scarabs" "4 clay ushabtis" "Fragments & inscribed of decorated coffin, wood" "2 bone arms with hands" Plate 17 = Neg. A. 158 "Small alabaster vase" - Neg. A. 160

"Bone bracelet" Plate 17 = Neg. A. 158 "Obsidian pencil" Neg. A. 160 4 (2 "cross-lined")

types:

343 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) small pottery vases" - not - not known known

"Black

344 A'07 Location Construction "Parallel-to "Pit" 333 etc., and to south of them"

Contents: (1) Limestone statuette, with some red paint or 345 A'07) - Liv. E. 5265; Neg. A. 153 on body (from this tomb

216 (2) (3) (4) (5) 6/6 YR Ceramic fabric 5 reddish-yellow rough vessel; Bol. A. 175.1968 " "Mud ushabtis... Liv. E. 1330 "... in mud box [with bone]" - Liv. E. 1330; Plate 18 = Neg. A. 162 Plate 18 = Neg. E. 162 Fragment of head of statuette -

345 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) "South "Pit" of path to 335"

40 n. 454 Lilyquist "Bronze mirror" Bol. A. 131.1968; Liv. E. 2641 + lid "4 Limestone vases" stone one of vessel, E. 2629; Plate 20 = Neg. A. 163 Limestone model lion - Liv. E. 639 Wooden ear - Liv. E. 7117 1979,35 Neg. A. 160; Lilyquist Torque (illus. n. 397 to scale) not "2 bone pins" - Plate 20 = Neg. A. 163 "Stone scarab" "Silver ornaments for necklace" "Diorite small basin" - Plate 20 = Neg. A. 163 (not illustrated) Four shells Liv. E. 2436 "Tweezers" "A few varied beads" "2 kohl pots (alabaster Plate 20 = Neg. A. 163 and grey stone)" "Varied beads" "Crocodile, Plate 20 = Neg. A. 163 green glaze" "Amethyst scarab"

346 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) fabric, fabric, traces dark of red red slip slip and black with - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown band around rim - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown BJK/EA vertical strokes Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, "Granite ushabti, uninscribed" "Ball beads of green glaze" "Curve[? ] of alabaster vase" "Kohl pot of [? ] granite"

burnished

BJK/EA no slip 15 Plate -

217
347 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) unglazed dish (not illustrated) with incised pattern Mer. 1977.109.136; lines found of Negs. A. 166 & 167 in - not - not known known

"Pottery redeem"

348 A'07
Location Construction Contents: "Found (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) in redeem: -" 45379 45378 illustrated), Cairo 45380 45368 - not - not known known

(illus. Anhydrite Cairo vessel not to scale) Anhydrite Cairo vessel (illus. not to scale) Beads of faience, (not amethyst and carnelian (illus. claw amulet of carnelian not to scale) Silver (illus. Cairo necklace not to scale) Scarab (illus. Cairo 45368 not to scale) "Portion of green glazed [? ]" "Handle of vase"

and

349 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Liv. E. 2585 vase in redeem near 349" faience beads" cylinder - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel "Broken alabaster "Number of green

350 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric light pink 7.5 YR 7/4, slip red 10 R 6/8 Mer. 1977.109.104 Ceramic vessel; fabric brown 10 YR 8/4, slip YR very pale red 2.5 5/6 - Liv. E. 4381 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/8, reddish-yellow slipped and burnished band dark 7.5 YR 4/0 red 10 R 4/6, paint grey -

218
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) Liv. E. 4794 10 R fabric Ceramic vessel; very pale brown 10 YR 8/4, slip red 5/8 - Liv. E. 4796 fabric 10 R 5/6 Ceramic vessel; slip pink 7.5 YR 7/4, red Mer. 1977.109.103 BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; red slip 7.5 YR 6/6, slip fabric light Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow red 10 R 6/6 - Bol. A. 167.1968 7.5 YR 7/6, slip light Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow red 10 R 6/6 - Bol. A. 166.1968 fabric, burnished Ceramic' red slip, reddish-brown vessel; horizontally on upper body - BJK/EA black brown fabric Ceramic vessel; core, no slip with thick BJK/EA 5 YR 5/4, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow reddish-brown 5 YR 6/6 - Liv. E. 4583 5 YR 6/6 - Liv. E. 4857 fabric Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow fabric, Ceramic vessel; surface abraded gritty reddish-brown BJK/EA burnished brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; vertically slip red BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, slip - BJK/EA reddish-brown no YR 5/4, 2.5 fabric Ceramic vessel; and slipped reddish-brown burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Mer. 1977.109.134 Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown red slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, pale red slip - BJK/EA brown fabric, BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, dark red slip - BJK/EA traces of BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA no slip fabric Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 5/8, yellowish slip yellowish-red 10 YR 5/6, paint bands white 5 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 3095 -brown YR 2.5 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/8, slip red reddish-yellow 5/6, paint band at mouth white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4700 10 R fabric Ceramic vessel; 7.5 YR 6/6, slip red reddish-yellw 5/8, band at mouth white 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4215 paint Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, band - BJK/EA white painted Ceramic vessel; fabric purplish with slightly reddish-brown gritty BJK/EA dark red slip core, fabric Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 6/6, paint self-slip, reddish-yellow band at mouth weak red 10 R 5/4 - Bol. A. 20.1968 6/6, YR 5 Ceramic fabric slip pot-stand; reddish-yellow 2.5 YR 5/4, wash white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4507 reddish-brown 10 fabric Ceramic pot-stand; 5 YR 6/6, wash white reddish-yellow YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 198.1968 7.5 YR fabric Ceramic pot-stand; reddish-yellow reddish-yellow 6/6, wash white 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4505 YR 2.5 fabric 5 YR 7/6, slip Ceramic vessel; red reddish-yellow 5/6, paintcross white 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 190.1968 BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, slip no 7.5 YR 6/6, slip 10 R Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4713 5/8, burnished on interior red 5 YR 6/6, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow weak red 10 R 5/4, paint band white 5 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4252 (not illustrated) Liv. E. 2440 Small shells "Ivory bracelet, broken" "Bone eye pencil" "2 decorated scarabs green glaze" "Stained[? ] beads"

219

351 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) "Near (12) slip unevenly red 2.5 YR on 4/6 - not "Pit" known

fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 5/6, Liv. E. 4854 brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; red slip body - BJK/EA [80] Annhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2515x Liv. E. 7022 Bone inlay strip Bone inlay Liv. E. 7034 strip "Green glazed cylinder beads in filling "Green faience beads and amulets" "Bone pins" "Copper pin" 351" Limestone stela inscribed for S3b iry

applied

upper

of

pit"

Nbn, Tety

Liv. E. 26 -

352 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) also - not - not known known

"Wooden statuette, female with infant. Decayed wig destroyed, Liv. E. 7081; Plate 22; Negs. A. 168-172 pedestal" "Small (not ivory illustrated) lion of statuette standing" Neg. A. 168

353 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) self-slip, - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric light 5 YR 6/4, reddish-brown Carmarthen. A. 75.845 with incised pot-mark Ceramic vessel; fabric, BJK/EA reddish-brown no slip (not illustrated) Liv. E. 2162 Beads and shells "Scarab in redeem"

220 354 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

(3) (4) (5) (6)

(rattle? ) - Mer. 49.47.598 Ceramic object Beads of: i) cowrie shell lmm. x26, ii) 6.5mm. carnelian sphere 4.5mm. iv) blue iii) faience disc xl, xl, carnelian spheroid (not 4.5mm. xl, 3-segment 3mm. xl illustrated) v) red faience Mer. 1974.190.16 "Large cylinder beads, blue and black glaze" "Wooden head-rest" "2 wooden faces for cartonnage" "2-handled pottery small vases"

355 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) slip on interior - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, reddish-yellow weak red 10 R 4/4 - Mer. 1977.109.94 "Fragment of inscribed stone" "Pieces for sarcophagus" of glass inlay

356 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Liv. E. 6894 - not "Pit known tomb"

Marl fabric figurine concubine "Few green faience beads" "Fragment of [? ] relief"

357 A'07 Location Construction Contents: "South of tomb" or located 346 and path"

"Pit -

none recorded

358 A'07 Location not known -

221
Contents: (1) (2) (3)

Neg. A. 582 -

Copper tweezers - Liv. E. 919 "Alabaster pot" (not illustrated) "Black and white beads"

359 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) vessel; vessel; reddish-brown brown fabric, fabric, no slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA red slip - not - not known known

Ceramic Ceramic

(3)
(4) (5) (6)

Alabaster

(7)

fragment Blue faience Liv. E. 172 inlay Wooden vessel lid - Liv. E. 7114 faience iii) blue Beads of: i) blue/green faience ii) xl, x4, faience blue/green brown turquoise v) x27, x6, iv) dark stone faience faience faience turquoise xl, vi) light-green xl, vii) faience bright blue faience turquoise x17 x29, viii) xl, ix) Liv. E. 2379 (not illustrated) Shell Liv. E. 7115 -

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.86 -

360 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) - not - not known known

(11)
(12) (13) (14) (15) (16)

fabric 5 YR 6/6, thin wash of pot-stand; reddish-yellow 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 197.1968 white Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 5/6 - Mer. 1977.109.99 yellowish-red Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA no slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA "Small in over parts of pottery redeem models of hoes [? ] found 360" - Liv. E. 1303-7 Alabaster, inlaid eyes - Liv. E. 7816 & 7817 Alabaster, inlaid eye - Liv. E. 7818 Wooden fragment Liv. E. 7020 Wooden fragment Liv. E. 7015 Glazed fragment Liv. E. 112 -

Ceramic

"Fragment of stele"

"Fragment Pottery of dish. with incised "Models of oxen" "Model of column[? ] of stone, [? ]" with "Fragment limestone" of statuette, "Few beads"

see 304 A'07 - Liv. E. 30

fishes"

(see

560 A'08)

222 361 A'07

Location Construction Contents: At least (1) some of the following from the "redeem" come over 361 A'07 - not - not known known

(2) (3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

Beads of: i) carnelian iii) turquoise x2, green faience xl, ii) faience xl, iv) carnelian xl, v) amethyst x3, vi) shell x21, vii) faience x3 - [Liv. E. 2437?? ] blue faience light-blue xl, viii) Blue faience Liv. E. 1891 ushabti Flint flake - Liv. E. 6540 Limestone vessel - Liv. E. 646 Bone inlay strip Liv. Verus Lucius Hadrian Ten coins, to the of reigns spanning Liv. E. 998 1986, Bienkowski & Southworth Stela of Sekher - Mer. 1977.109.36; 1980, pl. 17,1 p1.1 ; Bourriau (inscribed)" "Broken squatting limestone statuette, "Fragment of stone inscribed in hieroglyph"

Silver ring Copper ring

Liv. E. 996 Liv. E. 997 -

362 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2)

(3) (4)

- not

known

not known -

beads"
(? J"

"Scarab" "Few leg

"Frail "Few

limestone beads"

363 A'07
Location Construction Contents: not not known known

(1) (2) (3)

Ceramic fabric light vessel; Bol. Unnumbered "Few green faience beads" "Fragments of blue faience dish"

red

2.5

YR

6/8,

self-slip

223
364 A'07 Location Construction Contents:
(1)

- not - not

known known

standing Plate 2 lines statuette. 15 = Neg. A. 154 of inscription

female granite foot" before scratched

"Small

"In (2) (3)

redeem near": "Few green faience beads" "Fragment of blue faience basin[? ]"

365 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) with white wash - BJK/EA - not - not known known

Copper tweezers - Liv. E. 1431 Ceramic pot-stand; brown fabric "Green glaze scarab"

366 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) - not known

not known -

(2) (3)
(4)

YR 7/6, 7.5 on wash Ceramic fabric reddish-yellow vessel; 10 R 6/6 light red 10 YR 8/1, paint band at mouth carination white Bol. A. 182.1968 5 YR 6/6, wash on upper body Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow light red 10 R 6/8 - Mer. 1977.109.92 brown pale Ceramic vessel; 2.5 YR 6/6, slip very fabric light red 10 YR 7/3, paint lines light 2.5 YR 6/6 - Bol. A. 163.1968 red
Ceramic fabric reddish-yellow vessel; 10 R 5/6 - Bol. A. 209.1968 5 YR 7/8, burnished slip red

(5) (6) (7)

(8) (9) (10) (11)

Ceramic vessel; Liv. E. 4469 Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel;

fabric

reddish-yellow fabric, no slip

5 YR 6/6,

slip

red 10 R

5/8

reddish-brown brown fabric,

brown brown brown fabric fabric fabric, fabric light

(12) (13) (14)

Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel; 6/8 Liv. E. 4589 -

BJK/EA no slip chaff, some with BJK/EA no slip BJK/EA black slip core, no with 10 light 2.5 YR 6/6, red slip red

no slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA -

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, slip - BJK/EA no Ceramic vessel; fabric slip - BJK/EA with greenish-cream grey marl burnished 5 YR 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric slip reddish-yellow to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4577 vertically

224
(15) (16) brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; BJK/EA red slip Ceramic vessel; fabric light 10 R 5/6, red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip red burnished dark to red 10 R 5/8, paint band at vertically mouth grey 10 YR 4/1 - Bol. A. 140.1968 Ceramic pot-stand; fabric 5 YR 6/6, traces of reddish-yellow wash 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4743 white Ceramic pot-stand; fabric 5 YR 6/6, traces reddish-yellow wash of white 5 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4619 fabric 7.5 YR 6/6 Ceramic pot-stand; Liv. E. 4672 reddish-yellow Ceramic pot-stand; fabric 5 YR 7/6, wash white 10 reddish-yellow YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4028 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip, white paint at mouth BJK/EA 7.5 YR 6/6, slip Ceramic pot-stand; fabric reddish-yellow red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4679 Ceramic pot-stand; brown fabric, red slip on exterior and inside mouth, white paint bands - BJK/EA 5 YR 6/4, Ceramic fabric light vessel; reddish-brown slip bands burnished horizontally to red 2.5 YR 5/6, on upper paint body white 5 YR 8/1, paint on lower body very dark grey 2.5 YR 3/0 Bol. A. 207.1968 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, burnished slip reddish-yellow red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4332 light Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 6/6, slip red reddish-yellow 10 R 6/8, burnished 10 R 4/6, body to vertically red on upper bands white 5 YR 8/1 - Mer. 1977.109.125 paint Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, burnished slip red reddish-yellow 10 R 5/8, paint bands white 10 YR 8/2 Liv. E. 4233 Ceramic vessel; fabric burnished red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip vertically to red 10 R 5/6 - Liv. E. 6824 Y 8/2, Ceramic vessel; 2.5 fabric 2.5 YR 5/6, red wash white painted mark light red 2.5 YR 6/8 - Liv. E. 4451 Anhydrite Neg. A. 176 vessel - Mer. 30.86.9; Alabaster vessel - U. C. L. 2388; MacGregor 999 Alabaster vessel - Swansea. W. 1466; MacGregor 990; Neg. A. 176 Alabaster vessel - Bol. A. 111.1968 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2536 "Poor scarab, uninscribed" "5 green glaze scarabs"

(17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)

(25) (26)

(27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36)

(37)
(38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43)

"Scarab"

"Varied beads, carnelian, "Amethyst beads" "Green glaze small beads" "Small carnelian beads" "Green glaze beads" "Gold beads"

green

glaze"

367 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) fabric vessel; band on interior fabric vessel; yellowish-red white 5 YR reddish-yellow 5 YR 5/6, slip red 8/1 Liv. E. 4893 7.5 YR 6/6, slip 10 R light 5/8, red - not known known

- not

Ceramic painted Ceramic

225
(3) band at mouth white 10 YR 8/1 10 R 6/8, paint Liv. E. 4680 fabric 7.5 Ceramic vessel; light YR 7/6, reddish-yellow slip 10 R 6/4, paint band at 5 YR 8/1 mouth white reddish-brown Bol. A. 183.1968 7.5 YR 7/6 fabric Ceramic vessel; Bol. A. 187.1968 reddish-yellow 5 YR 6/6, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow red 10 R 5/8, burnished interior to red 10 R 4/8 - Liv. E. 4721 on 5 YR 6/6, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow weak red 10 R 5/4 - Bol. A. 150.1968 fabric 10 R 5/6, self-slip, band at Ceramic vessel; paint mouth Bol. A. 141.1968 dark brown 10 YR 4/3 2.5 Y 6/4, Liv. E. 4378; Ceramic vessel; self-slip marl fabric Neg. A. 594 light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip red 10 R 5/6, band at mouth white 10 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 146.1968 paint brown fabric Ceramic vessel; red slip - BJK/EA chaff, with some limestone inclusions, fabric Ceramic vessel; with reddish-brown BJK/EA red slip fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip - BJK/EA reddish-brown fabric Ceramic vessel; core, no slip with purplish reddish-brown BJK/EA 10 R 7.5 YR 7/6, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; red reddish-yellow 5/6 - Mer. 1977.109.116 Ceramic pot-stand; brown fabric core, no slip with purplish-red BJK/EA fabric, Ceramic pot-stand; no slip - BJK/EA reddish-brown 5 YR 6/4, traces fabric light Ceramic pot-stand; of reddish-brown 7.5 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 201.1968 wash pinkish-white BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip Graeco-Roman amphora; fabric weak red 10 R 4/4 - Mer. 1977.109.121; Neg. A. 602 Neg. A. 582 Alabaster vessel and lid - Bol. A. 106.1968; "Beads" "Green glaze scarabs" "Sides of bone trinket box decorated with circles" types: 7 (3 "smaller size"), 11 (1), 9 (1 "neck painted"), 10 (1)

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) Pot

368 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) -(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; 2.5 Y 8/2 10 YR 7/6, slip marl fabric yellow white Bol. A. 210.1968 fabric Ceramic pot-stand; 7.5 YR 7/8, wash white 10 reddish-yellow YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4348 Ceramic pot-stand; fabric light 2.5 YR red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip red 5/6, traces of wash white 5Y 8/1 - Liv. E. 4509 brown fabric, BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; red slip fabric 5 YR 6/6, burnished Ceramic vessel; reddish-yelow red slip bands white 5 YR 8/1 - Mer. 1973.1.377 10 R 4/6, paint Alabaster vessel and lid - Bol. A. 107.1968 for the 'Overseer Fragment of a stela inscribed Egypt, Upper of (Detroit); Coll. J. H. Fisher Amen-Wosret' Neg. A. 177; Simpson -

226
(8) (9) (10) (11) 1965 & 1966,174; Kemp and Merrillees 1980,109 "Scarab found in redeem over 368. Sphinx and ankh" "3 shells" "Few beads" "3 alabaster kohl pots"

369 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) - not - not known known

(12) (13)
(14) (15) (16)

"Fragments of fine alabaster vases" "Wooden kohl vessel" Neg. A. 178 "Cover of vase. Dark stone"

"3 wood kohl pencils" "XVIII pottery"

brown fabric, vessel; no slip - BJK/EA fabric 10 YR 4/6, brown 10 YR 5/3, burnished slip vessel; mottled very dark grey 10 YR 3/1 - Liv. E. 4675 Ceramic vessel; limestone inclusions fabric pinkish-grey with [marl? ] with cream slip BJK/EA Alabaster vessel and stand - Liv. E. 2565 Alabaster vessel - Mer. 60.34.22 Beads of: i) yellow glass with dark blue loop ii) carnelian xl, iii) faience xl, red faience xl - Liv. E. 9174 x3, iv) turquoise "Large scarab with 2 god[? ] figures in soil[? ] filling" "Fragment of wood comb" "Fragment of green faience ring with [? ] cartouche" "Scarab" "Carnelian cylinder"

Ceramic Ceramic

Neg. A. 178 -

Pot types: 370 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (10) (11) (12) -

12 (1)

- not - not

known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric dark brown 10 YR 4/3, burnished 2.5 YR 2.5/0 - Liv. E. 6149; Neg. A. 179 Green glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1138 Green glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1140 Green glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1139 Alabaster (not illustrtated), vessel lid possibly kohl pot" - Liv. E. 2700 alabaster Scarab - Liv. E. 1141 (unlocated) "Dark stone kohl pot" Neg. A. 179 "Wooden kohl pencil" Neg. A. 179 Three gold(? ) ridged earrings Neg. A. 179 "Carnelian beads" "Cylinder beads" green faience

slip

black

from

"Small

227 (13) (14) "Green stone "Ushabtis" plaque with Ra[? ] with Kheper"

371 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Plate 19 - not - not known known

Liv. E. 5297 flint Retouched blade of light-brown "Steatite in decorated kohl chevrons" vessel Neg. A. 666 "Head coloured" partly canopic vase of (unlocated) ; Plate 19 = Neg. A. 666 "Fragments from coffins" inlay of faience "Fragments canopic jar" of inscribed

Bol. A. 124.1968

372 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Pot black 6/4, core slip on - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric, pale greenish-cream marl BJK/EA 5 YR light Ceramic vessel; fabric brown reddish exterior white 10 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 192.1968 "Few green faience beads" "Rattle" types: 4 (1, "white cross single lines")

373 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Fragment of bone implement "Few small bone beads"

374 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel; brown fabric, no slip BJK/EA - not - not known known

Ceramic

228
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) "Eye inlaid, from sarcophagus" "3 wooden kohl pencils" "Fine green faience scarab" "Few green faience beads" "Dark sLae kohl pot with cover" "Wooden pedestal[? ] with small hawk" "Green faience beads and pots near 374"

375 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (6) B. M. 54683 bead - B. M. 54683 bead - B. M. 54683 - not - not known known

Copper tweezers - Liv. E. 920 Green/blue glazed steatite scarab Engraved green/blue glazed steatite Engraved green/blue glazed steatite "Ball beads" "Stone palette o -shape" "Bone pin" "Silver small pectoral"

376 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) faience ushabti Liv. E. 1879 - not - not known known

Fragment of an blue/green "2 bone pins" "Varied beads" "Carnelian" "Alabaster kohl pot"

377 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) BJK/EA no slip Cairo 45377 to scale) Cairo 45376 not to scale) pen-holder" - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, "Blue marble pot" (illus. not "Alabaster (illus. vase, large" "Ball beads" "Wooden upper part of scribe's

229
378 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) 5 YR 6/6 Liv. E. 4913 - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow rough fabric decorated" "Green glaze steatite scarab, "Few green glaze beads"

379 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) glaze ball beads" - not - not known known

"Few green

380 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) - not - not known known

"Few ball beads" "Metal disc" "Fine ball beads" "Amethyst bead" "XII[? ] Scarab" "Butter[? ] dish (green glaze)" "(Green kohl vessel with glaze) "Large/bronze pin" "Bone hair pins"

white

top"

381 A'07
Location Construction Contents: originally "On south - not known of 381, row of pits numbered 416"

listed Some of the objects tomb number may have under this 1980,112 from tomb 416 A'07 - see Kemp and Merrillees come (1) (2)

(3)

"Portion Mer. 1974.190.20 of wooden coffin" 2.5 YR 6/8, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric light 10 R red weak red 4/3, bands white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 6421 (Liv. E. 6409 is painted but warped before firing) example, another leaf Wooden object and black figures with gold painted -

230 (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) Liv. E. 5728 Fragments of wood with gold leaf "Few cylinder glaze beads" "Fragment box" of bone toilet "Scarab with ONO "Few poor ushabtis" "Few varied beads" "Small ushabti" "Fragments of alabaster vase" "Eye from cartonnage" "Fragments of blue glaze basins, "Small green glaze plaque" Liv. E. 5727 -

hedgehogs,

etc. "

Pot types: 382 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) -

14 (1)

- not - not

known known

burnished Ceramic fabric, slip red reddish-brown vessel; BJK/EA interior BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, burnish red slip, no Ceramic vessel; rim coarse brown fabric, some red paint around BJK/EA Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2518x "Green glaze scarab with scroll and seal" "Few cylindrical green glaze beads" "XII Dynasty pots" "Blue marble vase" "Broken wooden sarcophagus decorated with figures"

on

Pot types: 383 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Pot -

7 (1)

- not - not

known known

fabric light Ceramic vessel; Mer. 1977.109.126 "Fragment found in of stela types: 12 (1)

brown 7.5 redeem over

YR 6/4, 383"

slip

red

10 R 5/8

384 A'07 Location Construction - not - not known known

231 Contents: (1) (2) (3)

seal cup" of steatite (? ) Bol. A. 125.1968;

Ape-shaped stamp Negs. A. 180-184 "Fragment of lotus "Varied beads"

385 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) Pot fabric, red slip, burnished - not - not known known

reddish-brown vessel; BJK/EA vertically Ceramic vessel; 2.5 Y 8/2 - Mer. 1977.109.122 marl fabric Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 6/6 - Liv. E. 4722 reddish-yellow light Ceramic vessel; fabric 7.5 YR 6/6, slip red reddish-yellow 10 R 6/6, burnished interior to red 10 R 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.108 on Alabaster Neg. A. 187 vessel - Bol. A. 112.1968; Alabaster vessel - Bol. A. 105.1968 Gypsum vessel - Liv. E. 2590 Alabaster Neg. A. 187 vessel - Mer. 30.86.30; Liv. E. 2685; Neg. A. 187 Anhydrite vessel Fragment of ivory Liv. E. 7027 clapper Liv. E. 7822; Neg. A. 187 Sandstone hone/rubber "Tall Plate 21 = Neg. A. 185-6 standing" wooden statuette Cairo 45372; Plate 21 = Negs. A. 185-6 Bronze statuette "Gold scarab" "Green stone scarab" "5 small scarabs" "2 fly beads" "Blue glaze kohl vessel" Neg. A. 187 "One kohl pot of wood" - Neg. A. 187 "Alabaster vase" - Neg. A. 187 "5 scarabs" "Blue bead" [the "3 latter & kohl ivory" sticks, wood, steatite = Mer. 1977.109.142 ?] Boat-shaped ceramic vessel - Neg. A. 187 types: 10 (1, "with 3 black bands")

Ceramic

386 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Liv. E. 2753 - not - not known known

"Alabaster kohl pot" "Small wooden hawk"

232
(3) (4) "Varied "Palette beads amethyst" of granite and grinder"

387 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) no slip BJK/EA - not - not known known

brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; "Few green glazed beads"

388 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) - not - not known known

Bone pin - Liv. E. 7021 "Green glaze ball beads" (not illustrated)Liv. E. 2363 Shell "Small pottery" "Green glaze beads" "Few varied beads, ball and cylindrical"

389 A'07 Location Construction - not - not known known

Contents: Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, (1) "Few amethyst beads" (2) "Fragment (3) of alabaster"

no slip

BJK/EA -

390 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) - not - not known known

fabric Ceramic vessel; pale brown 10 YR 7/4 - Liv. E. 4328 very brown fabric BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; and abraded surface BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip Dark brown serpentine lid with serpentine vessel, and alabaster Kendal; Neg. A. 582 section sliding "Fragments of inscribed stone and decorated stele" "Central In redeem over 390" fragment male figure. of standing

233
(7) (8) (7) (9) (10) "Small beads green glaze and white" "2 small ushabtis mud" of purplish "Carnelian beads" "Gold crescent small beads" "2 alabaster kohl pots with one lid"

391 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

"Large alabaster kohl pot and lid" "Fragment of dark stone vase" "Green glaze scarab" "Broken lid of alabaster kohl pot" "Wooden eye pencil" "Ball beads of amethyst" "Decorated beads of green glaze"

392 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) of ivory 'magic wand' Negs. A. 188 & 188a - not - not known known

Fragment

393 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) - not - not known known

10 R 5/6 fabric 5 YR 7/8, red slip Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow Bol. A. 211.1968 10 R 5/6 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/4, red slip pink Mer. 1977.109.133 brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip - BJK/EA 5 YR 6/4, slip fabric light Ceramic vessel; red 10 R reddish-brown 5/6, burnished to red 10 R 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.110 on interior BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, slip red BJK/EA fabric, Ceramic vessel; red slip reddish-brown fabric 5 YR 7/4, slipped Ceramic vessel; to red and burnished pink 10 R 5/8 - Bol. A. 20.1968 Lid and collar tripartite vessel - Liv. E. 2697 of alabaster Liv. E. 7120 Two wooden top parts of tube-shaped vessels ball - Liv. E. 175 Fragment of a blue faience Liv. E. 644 Sandstone hone/rubber Cairo 45373 Wooden scribe's palette -

234
(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)
(19) (20)

"Pottery "Plaque

"Fine green glaze ball beads" (not illustrated) "Large green glaze scarab" (not illustrated) "Small (not illustrated) green glaze scarab" "Seal with duck design on back" "Seal with frog design on back" "Pencil of ivory"
vase with with 8 spout" It

Cairo 45381 Cairo 45381 Cairo 45381 -

Pot

types:

11 (1)

394 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) scarab" ball beads" - not - not known known

"Green glaze "Miscellaneous

395 A'07 - not - not known known

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

brown fabric, BJK/EA vessel; gritty no slip burnished fabric, vessel; reddish-brown slip, red BJK/EA fabric YR 7/6, 7.5 traces of reddish-yellow pot-stand; wash white 10 YR 8/1 - Bol. A. 206.1968 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA no slip Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6 - Liv. E. 4674 reddish-yellow Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, badly gritty abraded surface BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, and slipped reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4573 light 10 R Ceramic vessel; fabric light red red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip 6/6, burnished to red 10 R 5/6 - Bol. A. 135.1968 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/8, slipped and reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4062 fabric Ceramic vessel; 7.5 YR 7/6, slip reddish-yellow pale red 10 R 6/4, burnished to red 10 R 4/8 - Bol. A. 136.1968 Ceramic vessel; dark fabric, reddish-brown reddish-brown slip, burnished BJK/EA vertically Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, on exterior red slip and interior of BJK/EA mouth, burnished vertically deep Ceramic vessel; fabric, burnished reddish-brown red slip, BJK/EA vertically Ceramic vessel; fabric, BJK/EA no slip reddish-brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; BJK/EA no slip reddish-brown 5 YR 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow slipped and

Ceramic Ceramic vertically Ceramic

235
(18) (19) (? 0) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Mer. 1977.109.112 vertically "Lid of kohl pot" "Fragment of wooden kohl pot" "2 eye pencils of wood" "Few varied beads" [? ]" "Bronze leather cutter "2 poor decorated green glaze scarabs" "2 alabaster kohl pots" "Few beads" "2 poor decorated green glaze scarabs" "Fragments of glaze"

396 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

Bronze tool - Liv. E. 917 "Tweezers" "Alabaster lid of kohl pot" "Fragments from coffin" of inlay "Few beads" ] of copper" "Fragment[? "Copper ring near 396"

397 A'07
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (4)

"Pebbles"
"Few [? ] shells" "Poor green glaze "Ball beads" scarab"

398 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

(3) (4)

BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip light faience ii) iii) Beads of: i) green faience green x2, x2, faience x2, v) green and black striped x2, iv) green faience green faience amethyst x5, viii) x3, vii) xl, vi) blue faience amethyst ix) carnelian xl - Bol. A. 85.1958 x25, x) steatite x5, Green glaze amulet - Bol. A. 85.1968 "Gold shell"

236

399 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) - not - not known known

fabric, red slip - BJK/EA vessel; reddish-brown 2.5 YR 5/6, slip fabric red 10 R 5/8, red paint vessel; black 2.5 YR 2.5/0 - Man. 6255 mouth fabric, burnished red slip, vessel, reddish-brown BJK/EA vertically BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip 5 YR 6/8, Ceramic vessel; fabric slipped and reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4407 BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, surface abraded reddish-brown BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip burnished Ceramic vessel; dark fabric, slip, red reddish-brown BJK/EA vertically Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic pot-stand; 5 YR 6/6 - Liv. E. 4671 fabric reddish-yellow body - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, on upper red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red slip - BJK/EA Alabaster vessel - U. C. L. 38014; MacGregor 997 "Fragment hieroglyph" of inscribed stone, "Bone hair pin" "Fragment base" lotus decorated of large green glaze, "Ushabtis (small one)" "Few green glaze ushabtis, small" "Cover of kohl pot" "Green glaze scarab" "Base fragment inscribed" of stone, "Fragments pots" of alabaster "Alabaster cup" "Green glaze scarab" "Kohl pot and lid" "Fragment of green glaze basin" "Few beads" "5 ushabtis" "Beads" "Button scarab" "Bronze hawk [? ]" "Ring, ivory" Ceramic Ceramic band at Ceramic

237 400 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) 5 YR 6/6, slip pinkish-white - not - not known known

(2)

Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow 7.5 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 154.1968

"Few green glaze beads"

401 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) BJK/EA - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip "Two small alabaster kohl pots" "Blue glaze cover of kohl jar" "Bronze mirror" "Few varied beads" "Pottery models of pigeons [? ]" "Shell" "Green glazed decorated scarab"

402 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) of blue marble vessel" - not - not known known

"Neck

403 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) cylinders" - not - not known known

"Fine ball beads of amethyst and green glazed "Cylinder and small green glazed beads"

404 A'07
Location Construction - not - not known known

238
Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) -

2.5 YR 5/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; red slipped and burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Mer. 1977.109.113 vertically Cairo 45364; Hickmann 1949,18-19, Pair of bone 'clappers' pl. X (illus. Cairo 45363 Alabaster not to scale) vessel (illus. Green glazed steatite Cairo 45371 not to scale) scarab black (illus. Ceramic vessel, burnished Cairo to not scale) 45365 Cairo 45371 Blue faience beads (not illustrated) cylinder "Ebony pencil" "Fragment found in redeem near" of stone inscription "Alabaster kohl vase"

Pot types: 405 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) -

2 (1)

- not - not

known known

(10) (11)
(12) (13) (14) (15)

Gold mount for a heart scarab - Liv. E. 944; Negs. A. 189 & 190; 1979 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA "Two large alabaster & (4) inlaid and eyes from sarcophagus Neg. A. 191 glaze eyebrows" - Bolton A. 101.1968; "Green glaze head of [? ]" "Green glazed circular disc" perforated "Gold shell" "Granite kohl pot" "Plaster " fragment inscribed "Small pot, red pottery 'D "Fragments of wooden stuccoed "Inscribed black stone" "Fragments of green glaze" "Small green glaze beads"

Kemp

blue

"Blue glaze cylinder beads" "Wooden fr-3gment with gold leaf"

coffin

inscribed

with

blue

paint"

406 A'07
Location Construction Contents: a and not - not - not known known

(Mer. 1977.109.93), from this tomb come a ceramic Possibly vessel (Liv. E. 4283), a fragment (Liv. E. 124) of a faience vessel pot-stand (Liv. E. 1518), but doubtful these chisel are a copper and are The field-notebook lists: illustrated). (1) "Two figures in relief on stone slab, inscribed from front

in

239 (2) (3) lines" "Fragment basin[? of early alabaster "Green glaze decorated scarab" ] lamp"

(4) (5) (6)

"Few beads in redeem near 406" "3 lids of alabaster kohl pots" "2 [? ]"

407 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) green glaze and carnelian" - not - not known known

"Few beads

408 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) of limestone stela" - not - not known known

"Fragment

409 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) - not - not known known

10 R 5/6 Ceramic vessel; fabric 2.5 YR 5/6, red slip red Mer. 1977.109.109 BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, thick core, no slip grey Ceramic vessel; brown fabric with no slip - BJK/EA burnished Ceramic vessel; dark fabric, red slip, reddish-brown BJK/EA vertically Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, slip 10 light red reddish-yellow R 6/8 - Mer. 1977.109.91 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/4, slip light reddish-brown white 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 153.1968 fabric Ceramic vessel; light brown 7.5 YR 6/4, slip 10 YR white 8/2 - Liv. E. 4599 7.5 YR 6/6 Ceramic vessel; fabric Liv. E. 4544 reddish-yellow Ceramic vessel; fabric light red 10 R 6/6, slip very pale brown 10 YR 7/4 - Liv. E. 4870 "Fine alabaster Neg. A. 193 not to scale) vase" (illus. Neg. A. 193 Stone bowl (illus. not to scale) -

240
(12) (13) (14) (15) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) "Alabaster Neg. A. 193 kohl pot, lid gone" (illus. to scale) not (illus. "Obsidian Neg. A. 193 kohl stick" not to scale) Liv. E. 2362 [or T. 404? ] (not illustrated) "Shells" "3 fragments stela" of limestone "2 blue glaze long beads" "1 blue glaze eye" "2 ivory fragments" "Wooden face from coffin of the coffin" and a fragment "Scarabs" "XVIII beads" carnelian "Fragments limestone" of inscribed "Beads, amulets"

Pot

types:

15 (1),

16 of small vessels

with

lug-handles

410 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) figures" - not - not known known

"Limestone with stela [? ]" "Green decorated "Broken small ushabti"

411 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Dark beads" "Shell beads" "Alabaster kohl

pot"

412 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

(2)

7.5 YR 7/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; wash on upper reddish-yellow 10 YR 8/1 body weak red 10 R 4/4, paint around mouth white Liv. E. 4490 5 YR 7/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; wash on uppper reddish-yellow band at 5 YR 8/1 body pale red 10 R 6/4, paint mouth white Bol. A. 159.1968

Pot types:

[or 417] 4 (1)

241 413 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) fabric light brown 7.5 YR 6/4, self-slip - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; Bol. A. 196.1968

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Ceramic vessel; Bol. A. 196.1968

fabric

light

reddish-brown

5 YR 6/4

self-slip

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2752 "Large beads" stone (haemetite) "Small blue marble kohl pot" "Small green glaze beads" "Small white beads"

414 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) BJK/EA no slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA no slip thin red slip on exterior no slip fabric, - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; "Fragments stela" of inscribed

BJK/EA -

(6)
(7)

"Ball
"Small

beads"
glaze beads"

415 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

BJK/EA fabric, Ceramic pot-stand; no slip reddish-brown (illus. Neg. A. 194. Stone vessel to scale) not (illus. Stone vessel to scale - Neg. A. 194. not Neg. A. 194. Head of bone pin (illus. to scale) not (not illustrated) Wide metal bowl, with a repousse ring-base Neg. A. 194 Three bone inlay circle-and-dot strips, engraved with single (not illustrated) Neg. A. 194. No figures" "Small limestone inscribed. stela

motif

242 416 A'07

(Kemp and Merrillees This tomb has been fully 1980), published in a single consisted of a series of shafts group, a containing Minoan pottery including grave-goods, selection of it rich

417 A'07
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

See the comments on the contents

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) '(7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

of 420 A'07

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA YR Ceramic vessel; fabric brown 10 YR 7/4, slip red 2.5 very pale lines 5/8, paint dusky red 10 R 3/2 - Mer. 1977.109.117 Ceramic vessel; fabric, grey core, no slip reddish-brown gritty BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric red slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown red slip Ceramic vessel; fabric light YR 6/4, 7.5 brown and slipped burnished to weak red 10 R 5/4 - Mer. 1973.1.458 vertically BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown gritty red slip BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, reddish core, red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric slip - BJK/EA no with some chaff, BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, reddish-brown no slip Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 YR 5/6 - Liv. E. 4232 Mer. 60.34.20; Alabaster Plate 23 = Neg. A. 207 vessel Broken plaster face, with gilding black painted front, eyes and on the chin - Liv. E. 5723 paint chin, patch of green under (not lid illustrated) Fragment dark of vessel of stone Liv. E. 2551

(18) (19) (20)

(21) (22)

Copper tweezers - Plate 23 = Neg. A. 207 Ebony pontil - Plate 23 = Neg. A. 207 "2 scarabs"
"Square green "Small square glaze stela" plaque"

Pot types:
418 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

15 (21)

- not

known known

- not

fabric, Ceramic vessel; BJK/EA no slip reddish-brown dark red slip Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, BJK/EA ii) Beads of: i) blue/green faience blue faience x3,

xl,

iii)

243
faience faience turquoise x6, iv) blue glass x2, v) light-blue Bol. A. 87.1968 Copper ring, Bol. A. 87.1968 sheathed with gold foil "Eyes of alabaster fitting" (not bronze illustrated) with Mer. 1977.109.29 ?] "Pot large, white" "5 fragments of broken stela" "Small ushabtis, unbaked clay with blue paint" "Beads and scraps of gold leaf" `One bottle-shaped pot" "Copper tweezers" "Mud figure [? ] head" "Decayed [? ] ushabti wooden figure" "[? ] of blue ushabtis" xl [-

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

(15)
(16)

"XVIII

"Copper

pots"
ring[?

] of

stick[?

]"

Pot

types:

4 (1),

15 (1)

419 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) - not known known

- not

Sandstone hone/rubber Liv. E. 6530 "Small green glaze ushabtis" "Small beads" green glaze cylinder "Ivory pencils" "Fragments of statuette" "Wooden head[? ]" "Very small [? ] alabaster kohl pot" "Few green glaze cylinder beads" "Fragments bracelet" of ivory

420 A'07
Location Construction Contents: number of objects on Plate 23 (Neg. A. 207) belong to this - not - not known known

An uncertain tomb (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Ceramic vessel; fabric light 10 red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip red burnished to red 10 R 5/6 - Bol. A. 137.1968 vertically Two spear heads, copper (illus. Neg. A. 207 not to scale) "Fragment of ivory arm, broken" "Broken square stone hone" "Green glaze cylinder beads" "Ushabtis green glaze, small" "Small alabaster kohl pot" "p seal"

6/6,

244 (9) "Few ball beads"

Pot types: 421 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) -

15 (1)

- not - not

known known

5 YR 6/4, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric light red 10 R reddish-brown 5/8 - Mer. 1977.109.124 5 YR 6/6, Ceramic pot-stand; fabric thin wash of reddish-yellow 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 200.1968 white Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; fabric, no slip reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, slip - BJK/EA red Coll., in Braunholtz (5), Ceramic vessel like formerly in the ) hands in November 1981 (J. Bourriau, pers. comm. private "Blue coloured mud ushabtis"

Pot types: 422 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

15 (1),

16 (1)

- not

known known

- not

(2) (3)

(4)
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

blue faience faience ii) Beads of: i) blue/green x2, x35, steatite faience blue faience iv) blue faience iii) green x5, v) x9, x9, 'crumbs' black stripes faience xl, x2, vi) green with with white ix) blue faience faience turquoise xl, viii) xl, vii) green faience white xl, xii) xl, x) green faience xl, xi) green faience blue/green faience black faience xiv) x17, xl, xiii) glass x60, blue faience black stone xl, xv) green faience x20, black xl, xvi) blue faience xix) xl, glass x14, xvii) green faience xl, xviii) blue faience faience xl, xxi) x4, black faience xl, xx) blue/green faience faience xl, x5, xxii) x2, xxiii) green faience green green xl - Liv. E. 2164 xxiv) green faience faience Beads of: lapis-lazuli xl - Liv. E. 9286 x2, and turquoise (? ) vessel and lid Liv. E. 2750 & 2751 Pink diorite -

Alabaster

lid

(13)

Liv. E. 174 Broken ring of turquoise faience Fragment of blue faience Liv. E. 173 with black decoration vessel, Liv. E. 9287 Broken small blue uninscribed ushabti Wooden fragment, with white paint - Liv. E. 7119 Wooden pontil Liv. E. 7118 Liv. E. 640 Alabaster inlaid pupil eye with obsidian BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip black polished Nubian(? ) vessel, with white and other-coloured (illus. Neg. A. 209 decoration to scale) not -

Liv. E. 2562 -

Stone vessel

with

mud(? ) lid

(illus.

not to scale)

Neg. A. 209 -

245
(14) (15) (16) "Bit inlay" of ivory "Small green glaze scarab" "1 scarab"

(17)
(18) (19) (20) (21)

"Hawk hc. of wood, painted" "Wooden hawk of wood, painted" "Scarab of stone, side pierced" "Fragment of coffin"

"5 gold ornaments"

Pot types:
423 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) -

11 (1)

- not - not

known known

Alabaster Neg. A. 210 vessel - Mer. 1977.112.112; "Ushabtis in red pottery" one is Liv. E. 1874a "Light blue glaze vase "210 . Neg. A. 210 "Kohl pot Neg. A ,""One top of kohl pot Neg. A. 210 ""1 scarab, decorated" "1 ball bead" "Flint" "Ushabtis in green glaze" "Large stone vase"

424 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) 5 YR 5/6, slip Liv. E. 4673 BJK/EA red 2.5 YR - not - not known known

(2)
(3) (4) (5)

Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, "Mud ushabtis blue" coloured "Fragment box" of bone toilet

Ceramic vessel; fabric light red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip light red 6/6, burnished vertically to red 10 R 5/6 - Bol. A. 142.1968
no slip

Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow 5/8, paint at mouth white 10 YR 8/2

'10

Pot types: 425 A'07

Location Construction Contents: -

7 (15),

15 (6)

- not - not

known known

246
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 2.5 Y 7/4, Ceramic vessel; fabric 2.5 YR 5/6, slip red pale yellow lines dusky red 10 R 3/2 - Liv. E. 4876 paint 2.5 7.5 YR 6/6, slip Ceramic pot-stand; fabric red reddish-yellow YR 5/6, wash of white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4516 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, reddish-brown white core, red slip, painted rim - BJK/EA fabric, Ceramic red vessel; reddish-brown slip on interior, burnish BJK/EA concentric Ceramic vessel; fine brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA band on rim - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, red fabric, Ceramic vessel; red band at gritty mouth reddish-brown BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA light 5 YR 7/8, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 reddish-yellow YR 6/8 - Liv. E. 4787 7.5 YR 6/6, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric pale red 10 reddish-yellow R 6/4, burnished to red 10 R 5/6 - Bol. A. 155.1968 vertically

(12)
(13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

Alabaster

"6 scarabs" and "green glaze scarab illustrated) are Cairo 45370 -2 "Copper basin" "Fragments box" trinket of ivory "Kohl pot, alabaster" "Button seal" 6 (1 "white band"),

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.137 -

over

425

in

redeem"

(not

Pot

types:

5 (1 "polished"),

16 (1)

426 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Few green glaze beads" "[? ] pencil" "Fragments of green glaze

bowl

in

redeem over

426"

427 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) fabric reddish-yellow 5 YR 7.5 BJK/EA BJK/EA BJK/EA BJK/EA 6/6, YR self-slip 8/6, slip - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; Liv. E. 4912 Ceramic vessel; 5 reddish-brown Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel; Ceramic vessel;

fabric reddish-yellow YR 5/4 - Liv. E. 4855 brown fabric, no slip brown fabric, no slip brown fabric, no slip brown fabric, no slip

247 (7) (8) (9) Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, patches of red slip on upper body BJK/EA 5 YR 6/6, slip 10 fabric Ceramic vessel; light reddish-yellow red band white 10 YR 8/2 - Bol. A. 185.1968 R 6/6, paint faience blue faience Beads of: i) blue/green x247, ii) green x55, faience faience faience iii) x5, white x3, x22, yellow yellow faience faience x2, iv) x2, shell green xl, blue faience x21 Liv. E. 2130 "Red pottery line dish and incised pattern" "Green glaze decorated scarab" "Lid of dark stone kohl pot" "Fragment of alabaster vase" "Scarab" "Stone kohl pot" "Few green glaze ball beads"

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)

Pot types:
428 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

15 (2)

- not - not

known known

(3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

fabric Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 6/8, slipped reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4493 fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 5/6, slipped and burnished 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4376

and red

Alabaster

Gypsum vessel - Liv. E. 2579; Plate 24 = Neg. A. 211 (illus. figure Concubine Cairo 45367; Neg. A. 592 to scale) not figure Ivory head of composite Plate 24 = Neg. A. 211 Dark stone vessel - Plate 24; Neg. A. 211 "4 scarabs of green glaze" "Carnelian and amethyst "Fragments of alabaster "Pottery doll figure"

vessel

Bol. A. 108.1968 -

(9) (10)
(11) (12) (13)

"Scarabs" "6 kohl pots"

beads" vase"

Pot types: 429 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

15 (7)

- not - not

known known

"Broken ,"[? ]"

limestone

stela,

?XII

Dynasty"

248 430 A'07

Location Construction Contents: (1) glaze beads in turba" - not - not known known

"Few green

431 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

Two light Liv. E. 1799 & 1800 green faience ushabtis "Large seal, inscribed both sides" "Small copper [? ]" "Few green glaze cylinder beads" "Small stone stela"

432 A'07 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) MacGregor 1774 - not - not known known

"Double pottery Neg. A. 596[? ]; vessel" "Dark stone kohl pot, no lid" "Ball and small beads" "[? ] ushabti"

433 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) and cover" - not - not known known

(3)

"Ball

"Small stone kohl pot "Few carnelian beads"

beads"

434 A'07
Location Construction - not - not known known

249 Contents:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

5 YR 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric self-slip reddish-yellow Liv. E. 4621; Neg. A. 213 Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, no slip - BJK/EA dark reddish-brown horizontal Ceramic vessel; brown fabric, slip, BJK/EA burnish fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip - BJK/EA reddish-brown Two bronze surrounds for inlaid eyes - Liv. E. 827 Five alabaster inlaid eyes - Liv. E. 827 "3 faience Neg. A. 213 inlay strips" "[? ]: small basin blue inside" Neg. A. 213 "[? ] amethyst scarab" "2 small kohl alabaster Neg. A. 213 pots" "Fragments of bronze box" - Neg. A. 213 "Cover of kohl pot" __

435 A'07
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) glaze beads" - not known known

- not

"Few green "2 pots"

436 A'07 Location not known not known -

Construction Contents:
(1) (2) (3)

"Scarab, green glaze" "Few carnelian beads" "Eye for cartonnage, alabaster

and obsidian"

250

OF EXCAVATIONS 1908

437 A'08 Location Construction

to

441 A'08 - not - not known known

Contents: 442 A'08

Location Construction Contents:

none recorded

or located

- not - not -

known known

Pot types:
443 to

43 (1),

56 (1)

444 A'08 - not - not known known or located

Location Construction Contents:

none recorded

445 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 446 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

43 (1)

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

447 A'08
Location - not known

251 Construction Contents: Pot types: 448 A'08

Location Construction - not - not known known

not known -

38 (1)

Contents: 449 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1)

none recorded

or located

not known not known -

Composite jewel Neg. A. 658

of metal

and faience

beads

(illus.

not

to

scale)

Pot types:

16 (1)

450 to 451 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

452 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

Globular (illus. Neg. A. 226 stone vessel not to scale) Fragment of a flint knife Liv. E. 7831; Neg. A. 321 Black the granite seated of statue mty n s3 Amenysonb R. S. M. 1951.345; Plate 25 ; Negs. A. 214,217 & 230; Vandier 1958, 230 n. 4

252

453 A'08 Location Construction

Contents: -

not known not known none recorded or located

454 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) the finest blue glaze, MacGregor 825 spotted and lined in black' (not - not - not known known

'Frog, in illustrated)-

455 A'08 Location Construction Contents:

to

456 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

457 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2511 Liv. E. 2447 bead with light Green faience brown streaking from inlaid Obsidian pupil eye - Liv. E. 7853 light Beads of: i) brown and white agate, ii) green faience, Liv. E. 2448 faience brown stone, iv) turquoise light Scarab (illus. not to scale) (illus. Bruss. 2700 Bone object to scale) not (not illustrated) Beads of green faience, and amethyst carnelian Bruss. 2775 Bruss. 2780 Beads of carnelian and glaze (not illustrated) -

iii)

Pot types: 458 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

55 (1)

- not - not

known known

253
ii) light

(1)

Beads of: i) blue faience

(2)

Scarab (illus.

x23, green faience x5 - Liv. E. 2385

blue

faience

xl,

iii)

not to scale)

Negs. A. 570 & 571 -

459 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (4)

Vessel

Liv. E. 2601 (separate Serpentine collar missing) vessel Negs. A. 562 & 572 Scarab (illus. to scale) not faience blue (light light Composite jewel of gold (no shading), (heavy Liv. E. 2365; & dark faience blue shading) shading) Neg. A. 658

of crystalline

calcite

Liv. E. 2570; Neg. A. 226 -

Pot types: 460 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

76 (1)

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

461 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) with painted - not - not known known

light-red 2.5 YR 6/6, self-slip Ceramic bowl; fabric band at rim red 10 R 5/6 - Bruss. 8559 Alabaster vessel - B'ham. Unnumbered Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 568 & 572 to scale) not ] - Cairo 39754; Stela of the washerman (r t, gnw[? 216 types: 16 (2), 25 (2)

Negs. A. 215

&

Pot

462 A'08 Location Construction Contents:

to

468 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

254 469 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) brown 7.5 YR 5/6, slip fabric strong on upper body 10 YR 6/8, paint traces 10 YR 8/1 near rim white - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; brownish-yellow Liv. E. 4534

(2) (3) (4)

Wooden head-rest base - Liv. E. 7012 Alabaster lid - Liv. E. 2526x Scarab (illus. to scale) - Negs. A. 565 & 573 not 16 (1), 34 (1), 43 (1), 62 (1), 71 (1)

Pot types: 470 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

471 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Mer. 1977.109.28 - not - not known known

Hand of an ivory Liv. E. 7031 clapper Two alabaster inlaid eyes with obsidian

pupils

472 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2533 Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2574 Wooden fragment with yellow painted

decoration

Liv. E. 8159 -

Pot types: 473 A'08

Location

50 (1),

74 (1),

76 (1)

- not

known

255 Construction Contents: (1) Fragment of faience vessel (illus. not to scale) Neg. A. 608 -

not known -

474 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.87 Lion amulet of hard dark stone (illus.

not to scale)

Neg. A. 658 -

475 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

(6) (7)

(8)

head from a statuette Limestone Liv. E. 7808 Serpentine vessel and lid - Kendal ) ring - Liv. E. 995 Metal (silver? Liv. E. 8152 Bone inlay fragments iii) Beads of: i) carnelian dark blue glass, ii) amethyst x5 & x2, light blue faience iv) light blue glass, vi) v) blue faience, xl, faience blue/green & light faience, light blue/green vii) x3 shell xl - Liv. E. 2435 Three blue faience beads - Liv. E. 1168 scaraboid Wooden rectangular pieces - Liv. E. 8151

Two wooden pontils 16 (2)

Liv. E. 8151 -

Pot types: 476 A'08

Location Construction Contents: Quotations 1928) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) -

- not

known

see 504 A'08 -

are

from

Garstang's

inventory

card

(published

in

Garstang

Kendal Serpentine tripartite vessel Bruss. 2689 Limestone tripartite vessel (illus. Neg. A. 658 Stamp-seals to scale) not "A few beads of gold" "Two small beads of emerald: 10 mm." 12 mm." "Two small beads of lapis-lazuli:

256
(7) (8) (9) (10) (11) "One small bead of lapis-lazuli: 15 mm." 13 mm." "One small bead of gold: heavy: 30 mm." "Curious piece of metal, "Small ball beads of carnelian and glaze" bead and one ball "One long (65 mm.) cylindrical

bead"

Pot types: 477 A'08

Location Construction Contents: Quotations 1928) (1) (2) -

34 (1)

- not - not

known known

are

from

Garstang's

inventory

card

(published

in

Garstang

"Scarab of lapis-lazuli, in fine gold setting: inscribed, B. M. 54691 24 mm. high". "Ivory 59 mm long, sphinx clutching victim: Garstang 1928 ; Pessenne Negs. A. 221-225; 54678; Plate26 ; Davies 1981,11 and refs. cit. "One amethyst bead" "Two scarabs from beads cf "One small scarab of red stone: "Plaster eye with gold foil" "Curious bead" daisy-like

2.5

" cm.

B. M. 1957,42;

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

8 mm."

Pot types: 478 A'08

Location Construction Contents: Quotations 1928) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) -

34 (1),

43 (3),

55 (3),

58 (1),

71 (2)

- not - not

known known

are

from

Garstang's

inventory

card

(published

in

Garstang

Large fragment of an alabaster ovoid vessel "Tubular from glazed beads, black and blue, "A ball bead" "Piece of shell" "One small bead with ribs, blue glaze"

Liv. 2662; collar"

Neg. A. 226

479 A'08
Location Construction - not - not known known

257 Contents: 480 A'08

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

none recorded

or located

Pot types: 481 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1)

37 (1),

55 (1),

66 (1)

not known not known -

Large portion Neg. A. 227

of

a black

burnished

ceramic

vessel

Liv. Uncat.;

(2)

Seal (illus. 16 (2),

not to scale) 34 (1),

Negs. A. 568 & 572 38 (1), 55 (1), 63 (1)

Pot types: 482 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

37 (1),

- not - not

known known

(1)
(2) (3)

Alabaster
Alabaster Spherical

lid

(4)
(5)

Flint
'Kohl 1014; Stone

2 in. high... vase and lid, Plate 27 = Neg. A. 228

blade - Liv. E. 6597 vessel Plate with

vessel - B'ham Unnumbered; stone vessel - Liv. E. 2584 in

Liv. E. 2561 -

Plate

27 = Neg. A. 228 MacGregor,

blue

alabaster'

(6)
(7)

Alabaster

tray/grinder

27 = Neg. A. 228
spout

run-off

Plate -

27;

Neg. A. 228

Pot types: 483 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

55 (4),

71 (4)

- not - not

known known

Pot types:

72 (1)

258 484 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) decoration, 10 R 5/6 fabric light Liv. E. 6933; - not - not known known

triangle Large ceramic sherd with incised burnished 2.5 YR 6/8, red slip red Neg. A. 227

485 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) faience - not - not known known

Blue/green

(2)

Flint

blade (not

beads - Kendal

illustrated)

Mer. 1973.252(b); -

MacGregor 1134

486 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

(8)

Bronze spear-head - Liv. E. 959; Plate 28 = Flint flake - Liv. E. 6506 blade - Liv. E. 7828 -Flint Metal/wood ring bezel - Liv. E. 802 Scarab (illus. not to scale) - Negs. A. 570 40 Scarab (illus. not to scale) - Negs. A. 568 40 Scarab (illus. not to scale) - Negs. A. 570 40

Neg. A. 229

& 571; & 572; & 571;

Lilyquist Lilyquist Lilyquist

1979, 1979, 1979,

(9) (10)

(11)

Long wooden 'spoon', the hawk head at one end having a bronze beak Cairo 39764; Plate 28 = Neg. A. 229; and gold eyes and carnnelian 1979,39-40 Lilyquist n. 449 Neg. A. 229; Lilyquist handle - Cairo 39765; Plate 28 Mirror and 39 n. 448, figs. 78 & 79 lord lands for "the Cylinder inscribed the two of good god, illustrated in the Nbw-k3w-R "(not illustrated) on a watercolour S. A. O. S. (not illustrated) Neg. A. 229a Seven stone vessels -

259 487 A'08 Location Construction Contents: not known not known none recorded or located

488 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Point of a flint Liv. E. 6511 knife Fragment of a bone/ivory spoon - Liv. E. 7029 cosmetic

not known not known -

Pot types:

55 (2),

71 (1),

74 (1)

489 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

490 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Blue glazed steatite 2 cm. long (illus. to not scale) scarab, Cairo 39780; Negs. A. 565 & 571 Fragment of limestone Liv. E. 33; Neg. A. 649 stela hieratifc for (not Painted Renseneb inscribed in ushabti, Neg. A. 230 illustrated) (not illustrated) (This tomb? ) Canopic equipment Neg. A. 232 -

not known not known -

Pot types:

63 (2)

491 A'08
Location Construction - not - not known known

260

Contents: (1) Blue/green glazed steatite scarab Liv. E. 1064 -

492 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) iii) dark faience Beads of: i) blue/green gold x2, x2, ii) pink x 12, vi) stone x3, iv) dark pink stone x12, v) dark pink stone Liv. E. 2380 faience & black faience turquoise x8 x50 Neg. A. 658 Wd3t-amulet in dark stone (illus. not to scale) Liv. E. 1339 (not illustrated) Fragment of a clay seal impression types: 19 (1), 27 (sole example = pan beaker? ), 34 (5), (2), 52 (2), 76 (1) 67 (2), 71 (2), 55 (3), 35 (1), 43

not known not known -

(2) (3) Pot

493 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Alabaster

vessel

Kendal -

494 A'08 Location

Construction Contents: (1) inscribed & 234 for Sebekemhat Mer. 1977.109.35;

not known Offering-Chapel see Plate 29

Limestone stela Negs. A. 215,216,

495 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Upper part of a Negs. A. 235 & 236

limestone

statuette

of

man

261 Liv. E. 7809;

496 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) alabaster vessel lid Liv. E. 2533x - not - not known known

Broken

497 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2)

Alabaster

Blue glazed steatite Negs. A. 570 & 571

vessel

Liv. E. 2748; Neg. A. 237 scarab (illus. not

to

scale)

Cairo -

39784a;

Pot types:

55 (1)

498 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Silver

(8) Cobble - Liv. E. 2546x (9) Polished green cobble - Liv. E. 2547x (10) Cobble - Liv. E. 2545x
(11) (12) (13) (14)

faience hippopotamus, decorated Portion of a blue Liv. E. 128 paint Cosmetic pot of unusual shape, 4 feet and lid with Neg. A. 237 not toscale) Piece of pumice - Liv. E. 6539 Sandstone hone - Liv. E. 5293 ] - Liv. E. 6502 Serpentine cosmetic grinder[? Cobble - Liv. E. 6512

ring

Liv. E. 954 -

with knobs

purplish (illus.

Liv. E. 8149 Part of a bone/ivory clapper for (13) : i) white plaster, Lead surround ii) hard paste, green iii) gold leaf - Liv. E. 653b Alabaster inlaid i) White eye with black stone pupil: plaster Liv. E. 653a Alabaster inlaid Liv. E. 654 of coppereye with traces
1

262 (15) blue Beads of: i) blue faience ii) blue iii) faience xl, xl, faience faience faience xl, vi) xl, xl, iv) green v) yellow blue faience black xl, vii) x2 & blue faience viii) steatite x15, ix) blue faience faience, x2, x2, x) carnelian x7, xi) steatite blue faience, blue faience blue faience, xv) x12, xiii) xiv) xii) faience blue lapis-lazuli x2 & green x4, xvi) x3, xvii) shell glass - Liv. E. 2383

(17) (18)

(16) Wd3t stamp-seal

(not lintel Inscribed illustrated) the 3tw n .t hk3, Wsr-' of 1923,32 No. 101) Bruss. E. 5263; Neg. A. 238; (Speleers (13) (not belonging Three inscribed illustrated) jambs with Liv. E. 40-42; Negs. A. 239 & 240

Liv. E. 9101 -

499 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) pale brown 10 YR - not - not known known

fabric Ceramic vessel; very red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip 7/3, lines pale red 2.5 YR 6/2 - Liv. E. 4263 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 6527 Sandstone hone - Liv. E. 6546; Neg. A. 241 face - Liv. E. 5722 Plaster Clay model pounder[? ] - Liv. Uncat. Alabaster vessel lid - Liv. E. 2549 Scarab (illus. Cairo 39782 not to scale) Mer. 55.82.9; Faience Senet board and fragments Plate 30 "Double kohl vessel" MacGregor 994 16 (1), (1) 25 (1), 37 (3), 43 (1), 55 (13),

Liv. E. 120 &

138;

Pot

types:

58 (2),

63 (3),

71

263 500 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Pot Gypsum vessel - Liv. E. 2583 Cairo 39775; Negs. 572 & 573 Glazed scarab (illus. not to scale) Cairo 39784d; Neg. A. 560 Blue glazed scarab (illus. not to scale) types: 43 (1), 55 (3), 59 (1), 64 (1)

not known not known -

501 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) - not - not known known

Wooden arm from a statuette Liv. E. 7010 Wooden object Liv. E. 7073 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2524x Alabaster vessel - U. C. L. 38020 Glaze scarab (illus. Negs. 572 & 573 not to scale) Liv. E. 4080 (not Base-ring juglet illustrated, see 1968,111)

Merrillees

Pot types: 502 A'08

Location Construction

37 (1),

55 (5)

- not - not

known known

Contents: Pot types: 503 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) red 10 R 4/6 patches - not - not known known

19 (1),

25 (2),

75 (2)

YR 5/8, Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 slip Liv. E. 4491 Ceramic vessel; fabric red 10 R 5/6, self-slip, of white wash on body - Bruss. 8561 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2588

irregular

264 Pot types: 504 A'08

Location 476 A'08, to (associated with? ) the offering-chapel near Negs. A. 250-252 (see Plates 31 & 32) as shown on Plate 32 showsa row of at Negs. A. 251-252 (cf. are lined with mud-brick pits which rectangular least the top half-dozen courses. least for 2 at

37 (1),

71 (1)

Construction

Contents: (1) Ceramic pot stand; 10 R 4/4, paint at fabric reddish-yellow top and botttom white 7.5 YR 8/6, slip weak red 10 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4512 & 619 Neg. A. 248,

(2) (3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Arm of a bone/ivory clapper Alabaster lid - Kendal

Liv. E. 7025; Neg. A. 254 -

Liv. E. 6895; Negs. A. 248,249,255,618 Concubine figure Clay figure not to scale) man (illus. of a striding 249. 'magic wand' Liv. E. 7007; Neg. A. 702 Part of an ivory Liv. E. 162. Blue faience ring fragments Negs. A. 568 & 572 Glaze scarab (illus. to scale) not 'A number of rectangular ivory, in probably plaques, squares of a game-board, one engraved with two squatting MacGregor 690 -

inlay the figures'

Pot types: 505 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

33 (1),

43 (1),

55 (3),

66 (1),

67 (1)

- not - not

known known

figurine Head and shoulders of a concubine Liv. E. 6381 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2580 Blue glazed steatite scarab (illus. not to scale) Neg. A. 565

in

marl

clay

Cairo

39779;

Pot types: 506 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

16 (2),

25 (1),

43 (2),

45 (1),

55 (3),

59 (2),

66 (1)

- not - not

known known

Granite Scarab Scarab

uraeus (illus. (illus.

Liv. E. 6516 not to scale) not to scale)

Negs. A. 568 & 572 Negs. A. 568 & 572 -

265 (4) (5) Ceramic bread mould with incised palm-leaf long (illus. Cairo 39797 not to scale) Concubine figure tripartite with wig Negs. A. 255,256,618 & 619 decoration, (not illustrated) 9.5 cm. -

Pot types: 507 A'08

Location Construction

16 (3),

337 (1),

55 (7),

64 (1),

71 (2)

- not - not

known known

Contents: 508 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

none recorded

or located

- not - not

known known

(1)

(2) (3)

Beads of: i) red faience x16, x10, blue faience x5, yellow faience faience blue green faience x38, white faience x5, red x15, ii) faience faience faience faience x6, yellow white x15, x6, green x8, iii) red faience x2, blue faience x3, white x4, yellow faience faience light x6, iv) green faience with x7, v) dark blue faience blue and green 'crumbs' Liv. E. 2382 Wooden knob - Liv. E. 7016 Glaze scarab (illus. Negs. A. 565 & 571 not to scale) -

509 A'08
Location Construction Contents: Brovarski slip very et al dark - not - not known known

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Ivory horn - Mer. 1977.109.20; tip of a cosmetic (No. 403) 1982,293 Ceramic vessel; fabric grey 2.5 YR 6/0, polished grey 2.5 Y 3/0 - Liv. E. 4004 Flint flake Liv. E. 6510 Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 562 & 567 not to scale) -

510 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

266
(1) Faience Isis & Horus amulet (not illustrated) Liv. E. 9285 -

511 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Bone pin - Liv. E. 7078 16 (1)

Pot types: 512 A'08

Location Construction

- not

known tomb 512 of left on its wooden coffin A'08, shows side, with surviving at an the the

Neg. A. 258, supposedly lying extended skeleton remains of a rectangular feet

Contents: (1) Scarab (illus. not to scale) Coll. ); Negs. A. 570 & 571 Cairo 39770 (& Northwick Park

513 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

(3)
(4) (6)

Rough plaster Liv. E. 1165 scaraboid Limestone Liv. E. 1164 scaraboid & (5)

Residue from a kohl-pot

Blue

(7)
(8) (9) (11) (12)

Glazed Scarab Scarab Scarab

Beads of:

Pair of calcite inlaid of copper eyes, with traces (or T. 573? ) - Liv. E. 652 and black paint on pupils faience beads - Kendal

Liv. E. 652 -

on

backs

i)

(10) Scarab (illus.

(illus. (illus.

seal (illus. (illus. not not not

gold,

ii)

not to scale)
to scale) to scale)

Cairo 39778; not to scale) Negs. A. 568 & 572 to scale) -

garnet

Liv. E. 2438 -

Neg. A. 569

Bruss. 2710; Negs. A. 568 & 572 Negs. A. 568 & 572 -

Negs. A. 565 & 573 -

Pot types:

34 (1),

43 (1),

49 (1),

55 (3),

66 (2),

71 (1),

72 (3)

267

514 A'08
Location Construction - not known with at least its top lined with mud-bricks

Shaft, -

Contents:
(1). (2) (3)

(? ) - Liv. E. 2586 Vessel of olive-green anhydrite Alabaster vessel lid - Liv. E. 2514 'Soul found house' the top the shaft of at & 261 Negs. A. 259,260

Pot types: 515 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

16 (2),

37 (1),

338 (1),

55 (1)

- not - not

known known

(eyebrow for an inlaid Bronze strip Serpentine vessel - Liv. E. 2513 (illus. Glaze bowl fragment not to

eye ?)scale)

Liv. E. 964

Negs. A. 273 & 608 -

Pot types:

16 (1), 43 (1), 20 (1 - "white (1), 71 (1), 72 (1), 76 (2)

dots

inside"),

55

(2),

66

516 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) fabric reddish on the interior Bruss. 8558 yellow to red light 5 YR 7/6, slip 10 R 5/8, painted 10 red spots - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; R 6/8 polished white 5 YR 8/1

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Dark stone Neg. A. 262

vessel

&

lid

Mer. 1973.1.202;

MacGregor

1077;

(11) (12)

Alabaster vessel and lid - U. C. L. 38017; Neg. A. 262 Stone vessel - Neg. A. 262 beads forehead, figurine, Marl-ware on the concubine with blue breasts and navel - B'ham. Unnumbered; Neg. A. 263; MacGregor 1727 handle - Liv. E. 8150 Ivory dot-and-circle decoration Bone inlay incised strip, with Liv. E. 8150 dot-and-circle decoration Bone inlay incised strip, with Liv. E. 7063 Hone of a hard green/brown stone - Liv. E. 6513 Scarab - Negs. A. 565 & 568

Scarab - Negs. A. 565 & 568 Scarab - Negs. A. 565 & 568

268
(13) (14) (15) (16) (illus. Cairo Scarab of green glazed steatite to scale) not 39774; Negs. A. 566 & 573 Negs. A. 565 & 568 Scarab (illus. to scale) not Neg. A. 262 bowl (. not illustrated) Alabaster 'An egg-shaped Vase, in black and pinky-white 6.75 in. granite, lip, base with flat high, the body of the vase ring-shaped on flat handles' (not illustrated) furnished with two tubular originally MacGregor 1022; Neg. A. 262 'A Stibium in Vase and Lid of fine the arragonite conventional (not high' in. form, 2.25 illustrated) inverted pear-shaped MacGregor 995; Neg. A. 262 'A cylindrical Vase, slightly towards the flat base tapering and (not high' 1.25 in. illustrated) flat rim, projecting with MacGregor 931; Neg. A. 262 Neg. A. 262 (not illustrated) (? ) vessel Small alabaster 90mm. long x 10mm. wide Two broken fragments ivory, x 20mm. of (not illustrated) Liv. E. 7026 tall -

(17)

(18)

(19) (19)

Pot types:

34 (1), 43 (3), 46 (1), 47 (1), 48 (1), 52 (1), 55 (1), 63 (1), 65 (4), 67 (1), 71 (1), 72 (1), 76 (1)

(5),

56

517 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) for inscribed Neg. A. 264 the sd3wty bits, - not - not known known

fragments, Two stela one Wepwawetemheb (not illustrated)

Pot types: 518 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

16 (1),

32 (1)

- not - not

known known

fabric Ceramic vessel; bands of reddish-brown

10 YR 7/2, light self-slip, grey 5 YR 5/3 - Carm. A. 75.840

painted

519 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) xl, vi) iii) black - not - not known known

faience blue/green Beads of: i) ii) xl, carnelian xl, v) blue faience x3, iv) blue faience carnelian xl, faience x8 - Liv. E. 2388 x7 & blue/green steatite

269 (2) Scarab (illus. 16 (1) not to scale) Negs. A. 566 & 573 -

Pot types: 520 A'08 Location Construction Contents: -

- not - not

known known

(1)

Blue/green

faience

w 3t-amulet,

with

black detail

Liv. E. 9055 -

521 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Liv. E. 7074 - not - not known known

Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 568 & 572 to scale) not Wooden pd-column, on surface with traces of plaster

Pot types: 522 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (4) -

52 (1)

- not - not

known known

(5)

White stone inlaid conjunctiva eye, with traces of red painted. Liv. E. 7826 Neg. A. 267 (illus. Headless ushabti light to scale) not of stone Negs. A. 265 & 266; Bruss. 3384; Plate 33; Hard stone ushabti No. 95 (where it is Sale 1137; Speleers Hilton-Price 1923,32, to 625 A'08) assigned bowl (not holding illustrated) Broken statuette kneeling a of man & pl. 22a 1980,149 & 271; Kemp and Merrillees Negs. A. 268,270 types: 56 (1)

Pot

523 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Blue faience

amulet - Liv. E. 9179

524 A'08
For further 6. Chapter excavation Location Construction Contents: (1) details this tomb the is regarding reader The quoted from object-descriptions are in Emery 1923,34. tomb-card, reproduced see Chapter see Chapter 6 6

270

to referred the original

(2)

Kerma Ware beaker of burnished black slip lower part of and upper part, of exterior, 10 R 4/6, one of 'Four fine black-topped Liv. E. 3016; Neg. A. 275 Kerma Ware beaker of burnished black slip lower part of and upper part of exterior, 10 R 4/6, intervening band of burnished 'Four 3/1, fine black-topped one of Liv. E. 3008; Neg. A. 275

2.5 YR 2.5/0 on interior burnished exterior red bell-shaped beakers' 2.5 YR 2.5/0 on interior burnished exterior red dark 10 R reddish-grey bell-shaped beakers' -

(3)
(4)

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

fine, black-topped tall with vase,.... globular black slip 2.5 YR 2.5/0 on interior outcurving neck' burnished and lower part of exterior burnished upper part of exterior, red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 3084 Neg. A. 275 One of 'Four fine black-topped Cairo 39762 bell-shaped beakers' One of 'Four fine black-topped Cairo 39763 bell-shaped beakers' See Plate 34 for other possible beakers from tomb (compare this 6) Chapter 'Ivory draughtsmen' Neg. A. 274 'Two haemetite kohl sticks' Neg. A. 274 'Series of glazed beads, blue and black' 'Four chopsticks' Neg. A. 274 -

'A bronze razor

'A large,

of Nubian type'

B. M. 54704; Neg. A. 212 -

525 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) blue blue x2, vi) - not - not known known

(2) (3)

Head of a blue faience Nephthys amulet - Liv. E. 9178; Neg. A. 658 Head of a bone pin - Liv. E. 7077 16 (1), 43 (2), 55 (1)

Beads of: 'i) dark blue faience faience brown x4, ii) x4 & faience blue faience faience iv) x4, iii) xl, yellow x5, faience faience x12, green faience x2, red faience x2, white faience blue faience faience v) yellow xl, x12, green x10, blue faience x6 - Liv. E. 2384

Pot types:

526 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

271

light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 6/6, self-slip, paint 7.5 YR 8/0 - Ure. 23.33 white Cairo 39787 (not illustrated) Alabaster vessel incised decoration dot-and-circle Bone inlay with strip Dublin 1920.295(c) illustrated) -

band

(not

527 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

Vessel of grey anhydrite Liv. E. 2519x Liv. E. 671 Nodule of smooth brown flint fragment illustrated) bowl (largest Fragments of a blue faience Liv. E. 121 & 123 35 Plate 39757; hippopotami Cairo faience Pair of Reimer 1929,217, fig. 9,218(4) Neg. A. 284-286; (not illustrated) Neg. A. 287 Alabaster vessel (not illustrated) Neg. A. 287 lid Alabaster vessel and (not illustrated) Neg. A. 287 lid Alabaster vessel and -

528 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 529 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot -

55 (6),

67 (1)

- not - not

known known

Lower types:

half

of a concubine 25 (1),

figure

Neg. A. 288; 55 (1),

MacGregor 63 (1),

1724 66 (2)

16 (4),

34 (4),

37 (1),

272

530 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel; painted 10 YR 7/6, slip fabric yellow reddish-yellow bands red 10 R 4/6 - Bruss. 8563 7.5 - not - not known known

Ceramic YR 7/6,

Pot types:

55 (2),

74 (1)

531 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Negs. A. 568 & 572 to scale) not Negs. A. 568 & 572 to scale) not jar stoppers Liv. E. 7340-7842 (not illustrated) sarcophagus (? - not illustrated) - not - not known known

Scarab (illus. Scarab (illus. Three canopic

Wooden mask from an anthropoid Neg. A. 290

532 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1)

(2) Pot

not known not known -

10 R 6/6, Ceramic vessel; fabric light red 10 slip red band at mouth dark grey 2.5 YR 4/0 - Liv. E. 4602 painted
Concubine figure (not illustrated) 43 (3), Cairo 39766 types: 16 (1), 34 (1), 55 (2), 62 (2)

5/8,

533 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

5 YR 6/6 (core light fabric 10 Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow red R 6/8), on upper body weak red 10 R 4/4, paint self-slip, paint 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 3087; Neg. A. 599 round mouth white

273 (2) (3) (4) (5) dark yellowish-brown fabric 10 YR 7/6, Ceramic vessel; slip band at mouth white 5 YR 8/1 - Bruss. 8569 2.5 YR 5/6, painted Liv. E. 2592 Brown limestone vessel Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2589 Liv. E. 6528 Alabaster vessel red

Pot types: 534 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

16 (3),

38 (1),

43 (2),

55 (15),

62 (1),

67 (1),

76 (2)

- not - not

known known

Anhydrite vessel - Mer. 1977.109.85 Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2709 beads (not illustrated) Faience and carnelian

Bruss. 2777 & 2778 -

535 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

536 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

537 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) ink inscription Kendal; - not - not known known

black Limestone statuette with Negs. A. 295-298 Bone implement - Liv. E. 7009 (not illustrated) Concubine figure

Cairo -

39767

Pot types: 538 A'08Location

16 (2),

34 (1),

55 (9),

74 (3)

not known -

274

Construction Contents: (1)

not known -

fabric Ceramic vessel; red bands reddish 7/4, painted

2.5 YR 5/6, slip brown 2.5 YR 4/4

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)

Ceramic vessel; Liv. E3092

fabric marl

2.5 Y 8/4 to 2.5 YR 6/6,

very pale brown Liv. E. 4716 -

10

YR

self-slip

YR 6/6 light fabric light Ceramic pot-stand; to red 2.5 olive brown 2.5 Y 5/6, patches of paint white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4522 inclusions large white Liv. E. 2747; Vessel of red breccia with Neg. A. Foot of a box[? ] in the shape of an ox-leg - Liv. E. 7072; Neg. A. 291 Neg. A. 291 (illus. Wooden furniture not to scale) element -

(7) (8)
(9)

Bone point - Liv. E. 7032 Ivory pontil - Liv. E. 7001

Graeco-Roman amphora (sole

example

listed

in Pot-types)

Pot types:

16 (12), 25 (5), 34 (11), 37 (3), 38 (5), 39 (4), (2), 67 (1), 71 (6), 76 (1) (3), 61 (2), 62,66

45 (1),

55

539 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Scarab (illus. 34 (1),

not to scale) 38 (2), 55 (7)

Negs. A. 568 & 572 -

Pot types: 540 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

- not - not

known known

Scarab & 573

of

blue

glazed

steatite

(illus.

not

to scale)

Negs. A. 566

Pot types: 541 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

43 (3),

55 (41),

67 (1),

76 (1)

- not - not

known known

(1)

Cypriot

'Spindle-bottle';

fabric

reddish-yellow

YR

6/6,

275 burnished Merrillees

(2) (3) Ceramic Bruss. Palette red in

slip yellowish-red 1968,111 No. 38.

5 YR 5/6

Ure. E. 23.26;
slip in red

Neg. A. 660;
10 R 5/6 and

(4) (5)
(6)

Object Pontil

fabric vessel; reddish-yellow 8562 of dark brown wood, traces of other - Liv. E. 5001

5 YR 7/6, black paint

end hole

(7)
(8)

Anhydrite
Alabaster

); fabric (scribe's Ceramic vessel reddish-yellow pot? 10 R 5/6 - Liv. E. 5002 traces of red paint lid

of light brown wood - Liv. E. 5003 (model pen?) of dark brown wood - Liv. E. 5004 vessel Liv. E. 2698 -

YR

6/6,

(9) (10)
(11)

Clay figurine of Negs. A. 304 & 305

Cairo 39765; Neg. A. 302; Hickmann Ivory 'clapper' No. 47 VIIb; Wildung et al 1984,106-107, pl. Ivory 'clapper' Mer. 1977.109.19; Neg. A. 302 squatting animal (illus. not

of a vessel

Liv. E. 2536x -

1949,16

&

to

scale)

(12) (13)
(14) (15) (16)

Bone inlay Bone inlay

(or

(17) Green glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1134; Negs. A. 562 & 567 (18) Scarab (illus. not to scale) - Negs. A. 562 & 567 Cairo 39781; (19) Green glazed steatite (illus. to scale) scarab not Negs. A. 560 & 574

495 A'08? ) Twelve very corroded of a copper and broken links chain - Liv. E. 2377 Fragment of a blue faience bowl - Liv. E. 139 (or 495 A'08? ) Beads of: i) steatite light-green faience ii) xl, faience light-green iii) faience iv) shell green v) x2, xl, xl, light-green lapis-lazuli xl, viii) vi) x4, stone xl, vii) lapis-lazuli xl - Liv. E. 2377

strip strip

Liv. E. 7053; Neg. A. 303 Liv. E. 7057; Neg. A. 303 -

Pot types:

16 (3), (2)

20 (1),

43 (3),

55 (41),

63 (3),

66 (1),

67 (1),

76

542 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (5) (6)

Calcite

Body of a tripartite alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2523x & (4) Two of the '4 pilgrim blue bottles in faience' and green (illus. MacGregor 230; Neg. A. 272 not to scale) Blue glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1130 Beads of blue/green faience, carnelian and amethyst - Bruss. 2779 & 2781

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.68 -

Pot types: 543 A'08

Location Construction

55 (16),

66 (3)

- not - not

known known

276 ' Contents: 544 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) burnished vertically to light - not - not known known

none recorded

or located

(2) (3) (4)

(5)

Blue glazed & 567

Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2575 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2576 Scarab (illus. not to scale) - Negs. A. 557 & 559
scarab (not (illus. not to scale) Cairo -

Ceramic vessel; red 10 R 5/6, slip red 10 R 6/8 - Carm. A. 75.788

39777;

Negs. A. 557

(6)
(7)

Faience
Stone

scarab - Bruss. 2707

illustrated)

vessel

Bruss. 2693 -

Pot types:

16 (1), 34 (2), 37 (2), 43 (2), (1), 66 (5), 67 (5), 72 (1)

44 (1),

55 (40),

59 (1),

64

545 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3) (4)

Alabaster Alabaster

Ceramic pot-stand; Liv. E. 4515 Lead surround for

vessel vessel

fabric
and lid (illus.

red 2.5 YR 5/6,

(illus.

wash white

10 YR 8/1

an inlaid

Liv. E. 655 eye -

not

Neg. A. 307 not to scale) Neg. A. 307 to scale) -

Pot types:

20 (1),

55 (3),

69 (1)

546 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Ceramic pot-stand; reddish-yellow YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4517 43 (2), 55 (12), 59 (1),

fabric 64 (1),

7.5 YR 7/6, 66 (1)

wash white

10

Pot types:

277

547 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (or 597 A'08? ) Fragment of a white calcite vessel Liv. E. 645 - not - not known known

548 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel (illus. not to scale) Cairo 39795 - not - not known known

Alabaster

549 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 550 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

55 (1),

66 (1)

- not - not

known known

5 YR 6/6, fabric vessel; reddish-yellow body red 2.5 YR 5/6 - Liv. E. 4066 upper dot-and-circle Ivory incised inlay strip with Liv. E. 7050 dot-and-circle Ivory incised inlay strip with Liv. E. 7051 Ceramic

self-slip,

wash on -

decoration decoration

Pot types: 551 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

66 (1)

- not - not

known known

278 (1) Possibly from this tomb come the stelae Mer. 55.82.103 & 118 (both? )

Pot

types:

43 (1)

552 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1)

(2)

not known not known -

Anhydrite
Stone

vessel

vessel

(illus.

Liv. E. 2707 not

to scale)

Bruss. 2690 -

553 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) strips - not - not known known

Bone inlay

(2)

Bone inlay

strips

Liv. E. 7038,7037,7035 -

Liv. E. 7041,7042

& 7043

& 7036

554 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot J, types: estone stela Cairo 55 (1), 39755; Neg. A. 309 - not - not known known

47 (1),

62 (3)

555 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) of inscribed limestone Liv. E. 504 - not - not known known

Fragment

279 556 A'08

Location Construction Contents: not known known or located

- not

none recorded

557 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 558 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

43 (1)

- not - not

known known

Negs. A. 568 & 572 Scarab (illus. to scale) not Negs. A. 568 & 572 Scarab (illus. to scale) not ) Liv. E. 672 Two faience rattles(? -

559 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (illus. not to scale) Negs. A. 568 & 572 - not - not known known

Scarab

560 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) fish lid decoration Liv. E. 2548 (illus. not to - not - not known known

(Or 360 A'07) Sherd with incised Neg. A. 311 scale) Fragment of an alabaster vessel Various beads - Bruss. 2776

Pot types:

32 (1),

43 (1),

55 (1),

61 (1)

280

561 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

562 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) red 2.5 YR 5/6 to light reddish-brown 5 YR - not - not known known

(2)

Ceramic vessel; fabric 6/4 - Mer. 1977.109.130

Anhydrite

vessel

lid

Liv. E. 2553 -

Pot types: 563 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

55 (1)

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

564 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (illus. not to - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2711 (or 566 A'08? ) Two bird-shaped Neg. A. 312 scale) -

ceramic

vessels

565 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot part of a concubine figurine MacGregor 1725 - not - not known known

Lower types:

16 (1)

281

566 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Four bone inlay

strips

Liv. E. 7058,7059,7060 -

& 7061

Pot types:

16 (4), 20 (3), 21 (1), 25 (3), 28 (1), 32 (1), 34 (2), 37 (1), 43 (1), 55 (36), 56 (1), 63 (1), 71 (2), 74 (3), 72 (5)

567 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

568 A'08
Location Construction - not known

tomb, Neg. A. 313, marked as being a view of this shows, be a brick-lined distance, in the middle may what surface mud-brick shaft, rectangular with some unclear features to the north -

Contents:

(1)
(2)

Scarab (illus.

(3)

(4) (5) (6)

faience ii) (or 508 A'08? ) Beads of: i) blue-green x26, green blue-green faience iii) iv) shell x49, v) green faience x5, x2, faience blue faience faience x2, xl, vii) x 290, vi) blue-green blue faience ix) green faience scaraboid xl - Liv. E. 2256 xl, viii) 10 R 7.5 YR 6/6 (core fabric Ceramic vessel; red reddish-yellow 10 R 5/6 5/6), to red and burnished vertiically slipped Liv. E. 4189 limestone figure Central of an inscribed portion mummiform Liv. E. 505 Liv. E. 6890 figurine Head of a ceramic concubine Negs. A. 557 & 559 Scarab (illus. not to scale) -

not to. scale)

Negs. A. 557 & 559 -

Pot types:

16 (3),

29 (1),

34 (1),

43 (1),

55 (2),

63 (1)

282 569 A'08

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types:

16 (2), 21 (2), (1), 74 (1)

43 (1),

45 (1),

47 (1),

55 (1),

66

(2),

72

570 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) of vessel blue Liv. E. 140 faience vessel lid - Liv. E. 2692 141 - not - not known known

Fragments Alabaster

Pot types:

43 (1),

46 (1)

571 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; 5Y 8/3, on base pot-mark marl fabric with Bruss. 8564; Neg. A. 337 Ceramic vessel; fabric wash on upper very pale brown 10 YR 7/3, body weak red 10 R 4/4 -Carm. A. 75.783 Ceramic concubine figurine Kendal Blue faience inscribed in black paint - Liv. E. 1876 ushabti,

Pot types:

43 (1),

47 (1),

62 (1),

67 (1)

572 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

Bone/ivory inlay Liv. E. 7048 strip for Renseneb & Dedi (not illustrated) Limestone inscribed stela Bol. 10.20.12; Neg. A. 314; Donohue 1966,19; Franke 1984,253 No. 396

283 Pot types: 67 (1), 73 (1)

573 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Five alabaster inlaid Green glazed steatite 34 (1), 37 (1) Liv. E. 647-651 eyes Bruss. 2702 scarab not known not known -

Pot types:

574 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

Neg. A. 315 (illus. Small alabaster lid to scale) vessel and not Neg. A. 315 (illus. lid Alabaster to scale) vessel and not (illus. Neg. A. 315; MacGregor 962 Alabaster to scale) vessel not (illus. Neg. A. 315 Alabaster vessel not to scale) -

Pot types:

55 (1)

575 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types:

16 (1),

33 (1),

37 (1),

55 (1),

58 (1),

66 (1)

576 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) dark blue faience xl faience xl, Liv. E. 2387 - not - not known known

faience light-blur i) x2, of: black glazeless core xl, amethyst x6, ii) B. M. 54687 Green glazed steatite scarab Beads

284 (3) Uninscribed green glazed steatite scarab - Bruss. 2717 34 (2), 37 (6), 38

Pot types:

17 (1), 22 (1), 23 (1), 25 (1), 32 (1), (1), 43 (3), 55 (9), 62,67 (3), 71

577 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)

faience blue Beads of: i) light-green faience xl, ii) x lapis-lazuli x2, - Liv. E. 2375 & painted decoration Buff-fabric ceramic vessel with incised Neg. A. 316 illustrated) Scarab (not illustrated) Cairo 39771 decoration Bone inlay incised circle-and-dot strip with Dublin. 1920.295(f) illustrated) -

Ceramic vessel; fabric pink 7.5 YR 7/4, slipped dark red 10 R 3/6 - Liv. E. 6145 Beads of mud: i) x13, ii) x144 - Liv. E. 2449

and

burnished
115

to
&

(not

(not

Pot types:

33 (1),

34 (1),

55 (1),

58 (2),

66 (2)

578 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot (illus. 61 (1), not to scale) Negs. A. 562 & 567 - not - not known known

Scarab types:

66 (1)

579 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel and lid Liv. E. 2714 - not - not known known

Serpentine

Pot types:

16 (4), 34 (2), 43 (2), 55 (2), (1), 72 (1), 74 (1), 76 (2)

66 (1),

67 (1),

68

(1),

71

285

580 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot calcite 23 (1), vessel 43 (1), lid Liv. E. 2555 - not - not known known

Broken types:

55 (2)

581 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (not illustrated) Cairo 39772 - not - not known known

Scarab

582 A'08
Location Construction Contents: Pot types: 43 (2), 55 (2) - not - not known known

583 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

faience Liv. E. 2346 Scaraboid beads of turquoise and rosette Turquoise faience pig amulet - B. M. 54686 Gypsum vessel - Liv. E. 2712 Glazed steatite scarab - B. M. 54684 (not Bone handle bar illustrated) twisted copper with of Neg. A. 320 from this Small faience tomb? ) - Liv. E. 115; pot (not illustrated Neg. A. 319 (not Fragment of an ushabti from illustrated tomb? ) this Liv. E. 1882 types: 16 (3), 34 (5), (1), 71 (2) 43 (3), 55 (35), 63 (1), 64 (1), 66 (1), 69

Pot

286

584 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) of a green glazed faience of a green glazed faience inlaid eye - Liv. E. 7819 ushabti ushabti Liv. E. 1872 Liv. E. 1873 - not - not known known

Fragment Fragment Alabaster

Pot types: 585 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

62 (1)

- not - not

known known

(1)

Scarab (illus. 34 (3)

not to scale)

Negs. A. 560 & 574 -

Pot types: 586 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

587 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

Small 'Kerma ware' vessel (? ), red with black rim Liv. 4578 Scaraboid of a pale green opaque stone - Liv. E. 1169 Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 560 & 574 not to scale) Marl fabric figurine B. M. 54671 concubine -

Pot types: 588 A'08

Location Construction

38 (1),

39 (1),

43 (2),

55 (2),

58 (1),

66 (1)

- not - not

known known

287 Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 5/8, slip yellowish-red red 10 R 5/8 Liv. E. 6195 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2564 Alabaster vessel - Kendal Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2578 Lid of stone vessel - Liv. E. 2552 Green faience bead - Liv. E. 2444 Concubine figurine Liv. E. 6893 (illus. Obsidian Ex-Spencer to Churchill scarab scale) not Coll.; Petrie 1926,13; Negs. A. 557 & 559 Scarab (illus. Negs. A, 563 & 564 not to scale) Scarab (illus. Negs. A, 563 & 564 not to scale) Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 557 & 562 not to scale) Scarab (illus. Negs. A, 563 & 564 not to scale) Scarab (illus. Negs. A, 563 & 564 not to scale) Scarab (illus. Negs. A, 563 & 564 not to scale) (not Various faience beads Glasgow. 23.37cc., illustrated) & Liv. E. 5015-5016

Pot types: 589 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

16 (1),

25 (1),

43 (7),

55 (50),

56 (1),

66 (2),

71 (1)

- not - not

known known

Bone inlay Bone inlay 1920.295(1)

strip strip

Liv. E. 7062 with zig-zag pattern

(not

illustrated)

Dublin

Pot types: 590 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

25 (1),

43 (1)

- not - not

known known

(1)
(2)

Ivory
Broken

disc - Liv. E. 7004

alabaster vessel

lid

Liv. E. 2544 -

591 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

fabric Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow paint around mouth weak red 10 R 4/4

(2)

Anhydrite

vessel

Liv. E. 2512 59,71 (2)

5 YR 6/6, slip Liv. E. 4868 -

red

288 10 R 4/6,

Pot types: 592 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

43 (4),

55 (2),

- not - not

known known

(1) (2)
(3)

Fragment of Neg. A. 325

Scarab (illus. Gypsum vessel

not to scale) Liv. E. 2596 worn

Negs. A. 562 & 567 limestone (not illustrated) -

very

inscribed

Pot types: 593 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

34 (1),

41 (1),

55 (21),

56 (1),

66 (1),

72 (1)

- not - not

known known

Pot types: 594 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

16 (2),

34 (9)

- not - not

known known

Pot types: 595 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Flint Flint -

71 (1)

- not - not

known known

flake flake

Liv. E. 6507 Liv. E. 6504 -

289

596 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) bone (terminal Fingernail phalange) and is 27mm x 15mm x 8mm (not illustrated) with binding Liv. E. 7116 strap: whole

not known not known -

597 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) 5 YR 5/6, wash on upper yellowish-red bands white 5 YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4180 body - not - not known known

fabric Ceramic vessel; red 10 R 5/8, painted

Pot types:

15 (3 - white cross inside), (1), 38 (2), 39 (1), 43 (4), 70 (4), 76 (1)

25 (2), 16 (3), 24 (2), 34 55 (2), 58 (1), 62 (2), 66 (1),

598 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

599 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel; reddish-brown fabric, with grey core, no slip - not - not known known

Ceramic BJK/EA

(2)

Scarab (illus. 55 (1),

not to scale) 59 (1), 66 (1),

Cairo 76 (1)

39783; Negs. A. 560 & 573

Pot types: 600 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

- not - not

known known

290 (1) Scarab (illus. 16 (1) not to scale) Negs. A. 560 & 574 -

Pot types: 601 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

- not - not

known known

Copper razor Neg. A. 320

with

handle

in

shape of

duck's

head

Liv. E. 1592;

(2)

Wooden fragment

Liv. E. 7014 -

602 A'08
Location Construction Contents: Pot types: 40 (7) - not - not known known

603 A'08
Location Construction Contents: faience Liv. E. 177 of turquoise (lead? ) ring Liv. E. 1000 - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3)

Anhydrite
Inlay Metal

vessel

Liv. E. 2577 -

(4)

Shell

(not

illustrated) 38 (2)

Liv. E. 2442 -

Pot types:
604 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) -

16 (1),

- not - not

known known

Alabaster

vessel

Liv. E. 2587

291 605 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Neg. A. 326 Liv. E. 804; - not - not known known

bronze lamp (from this tomb ?- Liv. E. 1534; Two-spouted (not (1) illustrated) for Top of above stand Neg. A. 326

Pot types: 606 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

16 (1),

51 (1),

53 (1)

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

607 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) grinding stone Liv. E. 2544x - not - not known known

Granite

608 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 609 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

55 (1)

- not - not

known known

Broken stone Two limestone illustrated)

(serpentine? ) vase - Liv. E. 6526 for the imy-r fragments inscribed Cairo 39760 & 39761 -

3hwt,

R_, ) m(?

(not

Pot types:

43 (1),

55 (1)

292

610 to Location

611 A'08 - not - not known known or located

Construction Contents: -

none recorded

612 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Flint blade Liv. E. 7830 - not - not known known

613 A'08 Location Construction Contents:

to

614 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

615 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Flint

blade - Liv. E. 5295

616 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) faience and steatite beads - Liv. L. 2347 - not - not known known

Glazed

293 617 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (not illustrated) Tripartite Neg. A. 327 stone. vessel 'A Dish, in pale green paste, base, standing on a small circular lip, to an almost flat out gradually which is decorated sloping on in the outside relief; inside on the sceptres with flat the 4.25 is a kind in. diam. ' (not cenntral portion strainer, of MacGregor 213; Neg. A. 327 illustrated) Neg. A. 327 Small stone vessel (not illustrated) 'A bronze mirror, handle in grey with lotus-column slate, very beautifully 9.75' high. ' - MacGregor 1478; Collection carved of 1979,40 Ronald Paret, Lefrak Lilyquist City; n. 453

not known not known -

(3) (4)

(5) (6)
(7) (8)

"Gold sheet" "Bone [? ]"

"2 bronze "Beads" mirrors, small and large"

(9)

"Pottery"

618 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) pieces of bone (not illustrated) Liv. E. 7008 a+b - not - not known known

2 unidentified "Choice beads"

Pot types: 619 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

67 (1)

- not - not

known known

"Small amulet" "Needle" "Some [? metal? ]"

620 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known 'mown

294 (1) Scarab (illus. not to scale) Negs. A. 562 & 567 -

621 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Blue/green glazed steatite 39784f.; Negs. A. 562 & 567

scarab (illus.

not to

scale)

Cairo

622 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) fragment of light blue glass (not illustrated) Liv. E. 643 - not - not known known

Small

623 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (4) (5)

Four iron

Twenty-four links of a bronze Bronze pendant - Liv. E. 955 Bronze pendant - Liv. E. 955 Bronze pendant - Liv. E. 955

rings

Liv. E. 953 -

chain

Liv. E. 955 -

624 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

625 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

295
(1) Glazed Kendal beads - Kendal

626 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 627 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

25 (2)

- not - not

known known

Small alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.81 Schist Liv. E. 5291 palette Alabaster in form the vessel, of Mer. 1977.109.

'spatha'

shell

(4)
(5) (6)

Pair

(7) (8)

Painted fragment of wood, with from of red (model mirror-case Beads of: i) turquoise faience blue faience xl & black faience v) steatite xl & blue faience Liv. E. 2236 (not illustrated) Six shells (not illustrated) Cowrie shell

of plaster

ears - Liv. E. 5725

traces and blotches of white paint Liv. E. 7121 ?)figure a wooden iii) faience ii) xl, turquoise xl, faience blue/green iv) x34, xl, xl xl, vi) green and black faience Liv. E. 2441 Liv. E. 2446 -

Pot types: 628 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

23 (1)

- not - not

known known

Beads of: i) carnelian blue/green light faience iii) x1, ii) x39, blue glaze xll & turquoise faience iv) xl, carnelian xl, v) faience turquoise faience x7, vi) green faience x23, vii) green blue ix) faience x8, viii) shell x1, grey/speckled xl, Liv. E. 2391

296 629 A'08

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

630 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Mud beads - Liv. E. 2163

631 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Minoan sherds (not illustrated) 1980,240-242, fig. 75 Mer. 55.66.156; Kemp and - not - not known known

Two Late Merrillees

632 A'08 Location Construction

Contents: -

not known not known none recorded or located

633 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) Part of a wooden pontil Liv. E. 7011 - not - not known known

634 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

297 (1) Glazed faience beads - Liv. E. 2158 Liv. E. 2158 -

635 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

636 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel Liv. E. 2591 - not - not known known

Alabaster

637 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) 10 R - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric light brown 7.5 YR 6/4, slip light red 6/8, wash on upper body white 7.5 YR 8/0 Mer. 1977.109.131 Bone inlay Liv. E. 7049 decoration strip with dot-and-circle -

638 A'08
Location Construction Contents: Pot types: 63 (1) - not - not known known

639 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

298 640 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) Pot of an alabaster 31 (1) vessel lid (not illustrated) Liv. E. 2546 - not - not known known

Fragment types

26 (1),

641 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Alabaster vessel stand (? ) - R. S. M. 1911.346 Central traces portion of a limestone statuette, Liv. E. 7813 remaining on the body 'clapper' Ivory Kendal of pink paint

not known not known -

Pot types:

16 (1),

21 (1),

43 (1),

55 (5),

72 (1)

642 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel Liv. E. 2508 - not - not known known

Alabaster

Pot types:

34 (3),

43 (2),

55 (8),

63 (1),

72 (1),

76 (1)

643 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

(2)

Limestone inscribed hieroglyphs, with incised statuette, and with legs bearing traces Liv. E. 610; and body of red paint Negs. A. 330-333 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, reddish-yellow slipped and burnished to dark red 10 R 3/6, painted lines dark grey 7.5 YR 4/0 Liv. E. 4178 -

299
Pot types: 25 (1), 32 (1), (1), 69 (1) 34 (5), 38 (1), 43 (1), 55 (18), 62 (1), 67

644 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel - not - not known known

Serpentine

(2)
(3) (4)

Alabaster

Tripartite not stone vessel (illus. Oblong stone grinding-palette with 'sugar-loaf'-shaped depression, plus a Neg. A. 334 illustrated) -

vessel

and lid

Liv. E. 2510; -

Neg. A. 334 to scale) - Neg. A. 327 central a circular shallow (not dark stone grinder

Liv. E. 2509; Neg. A. 334 -

645 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel and lid - Mer. 1977.109.80 Green slate vessel - Liv. E. 2515 Green faience fly amulet - Liv. E. 9176 (illus. Multi-scarab seal of green glazed steatite Cairo 39776; Negs. A. 562 & 567 Scarab (illus. Negs. A. 562 & 567 not to scale) -

not

to scale)

Pot types: 646 A'08

Location Construction Contents: -

54 (1),

55 (41),

63 (2),

66,67

(2),

71,74

- not - not

known known

(1)
(2)

Horn

4-footed

Scarab (illus. the examples

vessel
not cited

to scale) in Martin

Liv. E. 7083; Neg. A. 336 -

Negs. A. 557 & 559; possibly one (Nos. 158-167), 1971,18 p1.32,1-10

of

647 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

300 Pot types: 648 A'08

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

34 (1),

55 (1)

Pot types: 649 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

55 (1),

63 (1),

67 (1)

- not - not

known known

(2) (3) (4) (5)

faience Beads of: i) blue stone xl, ii) blue faience red x2, iii) 1 2 segments iv) blue faience 2, plus 11 of and 40 of x10, x faience yellow segment, v) red faience xl & blue faience xl, vi) lapis-lazuli ix) blue faince blue faience xl, vii) x2, viii) x22, faience 8, xl x 10, x) shell x15, xi) green faience red xii) x (plus 158 broken fragments) Liv. E. 2389 Ivory inlay incised dot-and-concentric-circle strip, with decoration Liv. E. 7040 Ivory inlay dot-and-concentric-circle incised strip, with decoration Liv. E. 7044 Ivory inlay dot-and-concentric-circle incised strip, with decoration Liv. E. 7054 Blue glazed steatite scarab - Liv. E. 1129

650 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

651 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not -- not known known

Metal (bronze? ) blade - Liv. E. 801 Base of a black stone (jet? ) statuette Liv. E. 642 (? ) statuette base of a limestone Inscribed figure of a standing (not illustrated due to poor quality of the negative) Neg. A. 325 -

301
652 A'08 Location Construction Contents: to 654 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

655 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) and granite vessels, all broken" - not - not known known

"Alabaster

656 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) vase" [? ]" - not - not known known

"Stone "Three

657 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3) (4)

Small limestone

Mer. 1977.109.30 blade with end-scraper Flint "Wooden spool with inscription" "Alabaster broken but possible to repair" vessels,

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.71 -

658 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) beads" - not - not known known

"Carnelian

302 659 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Large mirror" "Bead [? ]" "Piece of bronze

kettle"

660 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) of scarab" [7]"" beads" with small flint (bracelet fragment? ) - Liv. E. 7821 - not - not known known

Piece "One "One "[? ] "[? ]

mussels"

661 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

"One scarab"

662 A'08
Location -not - not known known

Construction Contents: (1) -

"Some alabaster"

663 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) - amethyst and others" - not - not known known

"Beads

303 Pot types: 664 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) marl fabric 2.5 Y 8/2 Mer. 1977.109.143; - not - not known known

34 (1)

Ceramic vessel; Neg. A. 337

665 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) vessel Liv. E. 2704 - not - not known known

Alabaster "Pottery" "Beads"

666 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) light-green faience xl, - Liv. E. 2443 xl, ii) light-green/green - not - not known known

Beads of: i) faience speckled types: 55 (1)

Pot

667 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

"Pottery"

668 A'08 Location Construction - not - not known known

304 Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) from Horn reconstructed vessel, Liv. E. 8154 Sandstone hone - Liv. E. 6550 Flint blade - B'ham. Unnumbered ]" "Small complete grain-dish[? three large fragments

669 A'OC Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

670 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) ushabtis of the same type & 1878 and Ure. 23.54-57 Liv. E. 1654,1731, - not - not known known

Ten green faience 1863,1837,1877, "Broken alabaster"

(3) (4)

"Large alabaster plate "[? ] broken granite"

and dish"

671 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

"Pottery"

672 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Mer. 1977.109.23; Mer. 1977.109.25; Neg. A. 696 Neg. A. 696 - not - not known known

Gold amulet Gold scarab

673 A'08 Location - not known

305
Construction Contents: (1) bronze hoops" - not known

"Three

674 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) towards the circular 2 1/4in. high. at lip, base, " - not - not known known

Liv. E. 2608 Alabaster vessel "A shallow abruptly narrowing vessel, 5 1/2 in diameter lip, incurved with MacGregor 950

675 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) - not - not known known

'Dummy' limestone Liv. E. 2690; Neg. A. 339a vessel 'Dummy' limestone Liv. E. 2691; Neg. A. 339a vessel Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2537; Neg. A. 339a Neg. A. 339a 'Dummy' limestone (not illustrated) vessel Stone bowl (not illustrated) Neg. A. 339a Neg. A. 339a Metal (? ) bowl (not illustrated) 2 in. 'A Kohl-Vase Lid, in alabaster, and grey-blue 1016 MacGregor

high'

Pot types:
676 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

32 (1),

54 (1),

71 (1)

- not - not

known known

fixed inlaid Alabaster pupil with eye, obsidian Liv. E. 658 conjunctiva painted fixed Alabaster inlaid pupil with eye, obsidian Liv. E. 659 conjunctiva painted black inlaid Alabaster painted pupil eye, Liv. E. 660 conjunctiva -

brown cement, brown cement, and red

red red

painted

306
677 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

"Pot"

678 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) 10 YR 7/4, very pale brown brown 10 YR 8/4 - Liv. E. 4730 slipped and - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric burnished to very pale

679 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) illustrated) Neg. A. 340 - not - not known known

"Greek stela" (not "Broken alabaster" "Beads" 30 (1)

Pot. types:

680 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Broken alabaster" "Piece of [? ]"

681 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) vessel" (not illustrated) - not - not known known

"Alabaster

[= Neg. A. 340a ?] -

307
(2) "Limestone dish"

682 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) glaze Liv. E. 2381 - not - not known known

Three beads of worn green "Stone dish, broken"

683 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Beads [? ]" "Small scarab" "[? ] Hand"

684 A'08 Location Construction Contents:

to

689 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

690 A'08 Location Construction Contents: (1) porphyritic Liv. E. 6523 stone, black groundmass with white - not - not known known

Vessel of inclusions-

691 A'08 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

MISSING
PAGES
.., I.

NOT
AVAILABLE

309 692 A'08

Location Construction Contents: (1) One of the Tens of Upper Glasgow 23-33. ac; - not - not known known

for the 'Great inscribed Limestone stela (not illustrated) Sobek-Hotep' Egypt, Neg. A. 341

693 A'08
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

694 A'08
details For additional 7. The quoted Chapter 33-34 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) this tomb the regarding descriptions are object 7 7 reader those is of to referred Emery 1923,

see Chapter see Chapter -

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Liv. E. 2695; Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 Alabaster vessel Liv. E. 2703; Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 Alabaster vessel Fragment of alabaster vessel lid - Liv. E. 2545 'A black-topped spout', narrow and long vase with fluted neck interior, body and inside black 7.5 YR 2/0, burnished upper mouth light lower part of exterior burnished red 10 R 6/8 and spout Liv. E. 3005; Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 YR black 2.5 Kerma Ware beaker, burnished upper body and interior band lower part of exterior 2.5/0, burnished red 10 R 4/6, central bands by two thinner of of burnished white 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounded dark reddish burnished 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3017 grey black Kerma Ware beaker, burnished upper body and upper interior YR 3/0, 7.5 YR 2/0, lower body of interior dark 7.5 very grey lowest part of exterior 10 R 5/8, thick band burnished central of burnished band of burnished dark white 7.5 YR 8/0 above a thinner top the grey 7.5 YR 4/0, and a very thin band intrusive at of burnished weak red 10 R 5/2 - Liv. E. 3006 Kerma Ware beaker, burnished YR black 2.5 upper body and interior lower part of exterior 2.5/0, burnished band red 10 R 4/6, central burnished dark grey 7.5 YR 4/0 surrounding of an area of burnished white 7.5 YR 8/0 - Liv. E 3007 Kerma Ware beaker, burnished YR black 2.5 upper body and interior burnished 2.5/0, lower part of exterior band red 10 R 4/6, central dark reddish grey 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3010 of burnished Kerma Ware beaker, burnished black 2.5 YR upper body and interior

310
band burnished 10 R 4/6, central lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red dark reddish burnished grey 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3018 of YR body and interior black 2.5 burnished Kerma Ware beaker, upper band burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central by two thinner bands 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounded of burnished white of dark grey 7.5 YR 4/0 - Liv. E. 3014 burnished YR burnished black 2.5 Kerma Ware beaker, upper body and interior burnished band lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central by two thinner 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounded bands burnished of white of dark grey 7.5 YR 4/0 - Liv. E. 3025 burnished burnished YR black 2.5 body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper burnished band lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central dark reddish burnished grey 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3024 of burnished black 2.5 YR body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper burnished band lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3011 dark reddish burnished grey of burnished black 2.5 YR body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper 10 R 4/6, central band burnished lower part of exterior red 2.5/0, burnished 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounding of burnished an area white of 7.5 YR 8/0 - Liv. E. 3013 white black 2.5 YR burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central bands by two thinner of 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounded white of burnished 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3015 dark reddish burnished grey YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Ware beaker, Kerma upper 10 R 4/6, thin central burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3009 dark reddish band of burnished grey YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper 10 R 4/6, thin central burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 7.5 YR 8/0 - Liv. E. 3020 band of burnished white YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band 10 R 4/6, central burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red by two bands of burnished 7.5 YR 8/0 surrounded burnished white of dark grey 7.5 YR 4/0 - Liv. E. 3026 YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band 10 R 4/6, central burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red dark reddish 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3019 burnished grey of YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band lower part of exterior burnished 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central dark grey 2.5 YR 3/0 - Liv. E. 3022 burnished very of YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3012 dark reddish burnished grey of YR black 2.5 burnished body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 3023 YR burnished black 2.5 body and interior Kerma Ware beaker, upper band burnished lower part of exterior 2.5/0, red 10 R 4/6, central dark reddish grey 10 R 3/1 - Liv. E. 3021 of burnished 17 inches, 'Large jar of pink clay... 5.75 height width of mouth Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 inches' drab hard 'Small distinct clay of with globular vase Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 6.75 inches' height collar... 'Nineteen blue glaze beads' - Plate 37 = Neg. A. 277 spherical 'Seven fragments of bracelets)' of bronze (portions

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22) (23)

(24) (25) (26) (27)

311 695 A'08

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

696 A'08
Location Construction Contents: (1) of a greywacke palette Liv. E. 5292 - not - not known known

Fragment

697 A'08 Location Construction Contents:

to 699 A'08 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

312 EXCAVATIONS 1909 OF

700 to 707 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known or located

none recorded

708 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1)

Alabaster

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.61 -

709 to 711 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known or located

none recorded

712 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

Pot types:

108 (2)

713 to 729 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known or located

none recorded

730 A'09
Location Construction Eastern - not Ridge "path on to Ramesseum near Garden"

known

313 Contents: (1) (2) fabric Ceramic vessel; R 6/6 - Bruss. 8508 (not Demotic ostracon reddish-yellow illustrated) 5 YR 6/6, slip light [D. 0.893] red 10

Ash. 1909.1215 -

731 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Eastern - not Ridg^ (? )

known

"Fragments of alabaster" "Wooden handle" "Pendant"

732 A'09 Location

Construction Contents: (1) fabric vessel; and burnished limestone 2.5 YR 6/6 red with to red 10 R 5/8 - Bruss. 8509 temper,

Eastern "Large

Ridge (? )
pit" with "intact burial"

Ceramic slipped

(2)

"Skull"

733 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Eastern "Disturbed Ridge (? ) deep grave"

rather

"Few beads" "Large pot and one pointed"

Pot types:
734 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) -

170 (1),

171(1),

150 (1) - Neg. A. 342

Eastern - not

Ridge

(? )

known

Assorted

amulets

(illus.

not

to

scale)

Neg. A. 343 -

314 735 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5)

Alabaster Alabaster

(illus. Neg. A. 344 Stone vessel not to scale) 'Spatha' Liv. E. 2358; Neg. A. 344 shell (not illustrated) Small globular ceramic vessel

vessel vessel

Liv. E. 2761; Neg. A. 344 Bruss. 2753; Neg. A. 344 -

Neg. A. 344 -

736 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern "Pit Ridge (? ) under side"

about

3m deep chambers

(1) (2)
(3)

Alabaster Alabaster

(4) (5)

Wooden mirror-handle Neg. A. 345 (see also

vessel vessel

Liv. E. 2503; Neg. A. 345 Liv. E. 2518; Neg. A. 345 -

'Spatha' shell - Liv. E. 2351; Neg. A. 345 Small pot-stand (not illustrated) Neg. A. 345 166 (1) - Neg. A. 345

itself Liv. E. 7124. The mirror Lilyquist 1979,12 n. 112)

is

shown

in

Pot-types: 737 A'09

Location Construction

"near "Pit"

736" on Eastern

Ridge

(? )

Contents: (1)
(2) (3) (4)

"Pot dish"
"Wood head-rest" "Two shells" "Small dish"

(5)

"Four pots,

various"

738 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) red 2.5'YR 5/6, slip light red 10 R 6/6 Eastern "Shallow Ridge pit" (? )

Ceramic vessel; fabric Bruss. 8510 "Pottery dish red"

315

739 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) with striations near the edges Pitt Eastern Ridge (? )

"Two pits" -

Limestone headrest, Rivers. Unnumbered "Shell"

740 A'09
Location Construction Eastern - not Ridge "path on to Ramesseum"

known

Contents:
(1) (2) (3)

son of Ns-tfnt Neg. A. 346 -

Fragment of a stela naming Ns-nbw-btp "Dom nuts" "Fragments of late glaze"

741 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1)

"Pot

full

of eggs" 183(1)

Pot-types: 742 A'09

Location Construction

119 (1),

Eastern "Burial,

Ridge

(? )

bones of an animal above body". Neg. A. 347 shows face lying the an extended skeleton on its back, with The body left. be in turned to the seems to a rectangular pit, with the remains of a wooden coffin visible at the feet. or located

Contents:

none recorded

316 743 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) "Head of animals dogs" Eastern Ridge (? )

not known -

744 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) "Two pots" Eastern "Grave" Ridge (? )

745 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern "Grave" Ridge (? )

(1)

"Scarab"

746 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1)
(1) (3)

Alabaster

"Flints MacGregor etc. in surface" "Fragments of glaze fragments"

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.64 -

1134

747 A'09 Location Construction Eastern Ridge (? ) to show the feet copper with the feet, the with

Neg. A. 349 appears "Undisturbed burial". in a worn wooden coffin, of a skeleton inside the coffin the near objects table to the side of it. alabaster

Contents:

tomb were an alabaster table of this and a collection for the group as a whole 39 ; Garstang see Plate -

The main contents of copper objects

317
1909,127, p1.16; Lilyquist The individual components (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1979,12 of this & fig. 20 group are: -

46 cm. diameter Footed alabaster Cairo 41333 table, Copper ewer - Cairo 41372; Radwan 1983,63,161A, fig. 33 Copper bowl - Cairo 41374; Radwan 1983,63,161B, fig. 33 Cairo 41373 Spherical copper vessel including Collection bowl a mirror, of 46 copper objects, another tools, to (3), various and scrap copper(? ) - Cairo 41375 similar objects from this tomb are: -

Other

(6) (7)

"Mud figure" "Headrest"

748 A'09
Location Construction Eastern Ridge (? )

"2 coffin "undisturbed Plate burials" tomb-group". with in 40 shows an extended skeleton what remains of a The smaller and alabaster ceramic wooden coffin. the coffin at the feet of the vessels are placed within left body, with the mirror immediately to the the of head. The skull next to the coffin. of a bovid lies

Contents: (1)
(2) (3)

Alabaster 358

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.128; Mer. 1977.109.75; ; Neg. A. 354

Plate40
Plate4O

; Negs. A. 354,355
; Negs. A. 354,355

&
& 358

Alabaster vessel Mirror Plate40 -

Pot-types: 749 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

134 (1) - Negs. A. 354 & 358

Eastern "Shallow

Ridge tomb"

(? )

(1)

"3 pots VI"

750 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) of late glaze" "Path to Ramesseum"

- not

known

"Fragments

318 751 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) "Ostracon and two pottery vessels in sand"

Eastern Ridge (? ) not known -

752 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3)

(4)

Eastern -

Ridge (? ) two chambers - see plan

Shaft with -

Flint knife - Ure. E. 23.5 Glazed steatite scarab - Mer. 1977.109.10 "Small glazed pig[? ]"
"Five pottery vessels"

753 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Eastern "Pit Ridge

(? )

burial"

"Pot on top" "Skull" "Part red pot" "Beads"

Pot types: 754 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) -

119 (1)

Eastern "Coffin

Ridge burial"

(? )

"Legs of burial" "Pottery" "Beads, etc. " "Mirror"

Pot types:

162 (1),

169 (1),

170 (1) - Neg. A. 362

319 755 A'09

Location Construction Eastern Ridge (? )

"Undisturbed Neg. A. 364 burial" extended shows an lying in the on its back, its head to the left, skeleton ). Neg. A. 363 coffin(? that remains of a wooden suggests the tomb consisted of a square shaft about 1.5-2 metres below the loose surface deep, dug down to just deposits, with a small chamber sealed with at least seven courses of mud-bricks at the foot of the shaft

Contents: (1) "Skull" 150 (1), 152 (1), 158 (2) - Neg. A. 365

Pot-types: 756 A'09 Location

Construction

Eastern -

Ridge (? )
skeleton lying on

"Burial" Neg. A. 366 shows an extended its back, the head turned to the left -

Contents:

(1) (2)

Vessel of mottled-grey steatite Alabaster vessel - Bruss. 2520

Bruss. 2751 -

757 A'09 Location

Construction

Eastern "Small coffin,

Ridge (? )
pit" in with poor condition, "burial" Neg. A. 367 with a mirror shows a wooden on top of it

Contents: (1) (2) "Bowl "Late broken, with spout, beads in mouth" and one other"

(3)

"Skull"

758 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern "Grave" Ridge (? )

(1)

Ceramic vessel: fabric reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4797

YR 6/8,

slipped

and

320 759 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern Ridge (? ) pit in middle"

"Roman[? ] tomb with -

(1)

"Two pots VI"

759b A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Painted stela" "Early pot"

Eastern "Pit -

Ridge (? ) [? ]"

finished

760 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) 6/6, slipped and Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

Ceramic vessel; fabric YR 7.5 reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4764 Other "Pottery vases of red polish and other"

761 A'09
Location Construction Contents: 1767 Eastern "Burial" Ridge (? )

(1) (2) (3)

"Red pottery dish" - MacGregor "Pendants from burial" "Vase"

762 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

"Fragments glaze" "Late beads"

321

763 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) fabric = Ceramic vessel; neck" burnished to red 10 R 5/6 and reddish-yellow Bruss. 8557 7.5 Eastern "Burial Ridge (? ) [? ]"

undisturbed

"One pot behind YR 6/6, slipped

(2) (3) (4) (5)

"Horn bracelets" "Shell" "Carnelian bead" "Stone bead"

764 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (not illustrated) Shell "Two pottery dishes" Liv. E. 2360 -

Eastern -

Ridge (? ) burial"

"Disturbed -

(3)

"One alabaster"

765 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1)

(2)

"from - stray

filling" finds

near 764 A'09,

Eastern Ridge(? )

"Glazed dish"
"Various pottery vessels, probably late"

766 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

Liv. E. 1058 Stamp seal of blue/green faience Liv. E. 262 Inlaid eye of white and purple faience Carnelian ring - Liv. E. 7852 "Mirror" "Four[? ] pottery vases" "Shell"

322 767 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1) (2)
(3)

"Small alabaster vase" "Carnelian beads"

"Three shells, one with green paint in"

768 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) types with white spots", vases, Vth. Some decorated 167 (1) (1), 158 (1, but plus a shallower), footed bowl - Neg. A. 369 pot-stand and a Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

"Nine pottery 153 include small-but-tall

769 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern "Grave, Ridge (? )

disturbed"

(1) (2) (3)

Alabaster vessel "Beads" "Pottery\vessel"

Mer. 1977.109.51 -

770 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) hawk" Eastern - not Ridge (? ), "near Copt's Garden"

known

"Scarab with "[? ] flint" "Alabaster" "Glaze"

771 A'09
Location Construction Eastern "Grave Ridge (? )

disturbed" -

323 Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Red pot" type 151 "Another shell" "Lump of decorated Roman lamp from

top"

772 A'09 Location

Construction Contents: -

Eastern Ridge (? ) "Grave. Two early and one late ones on top"

(1)

"Large

pot and two others" 119 (2)

Pot-types: 773 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

Eastern -

Ridge

(? )

not known none recorded or located

774 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Eastern Ridge (? )

not known -

Liv. E. 1047 Green glazed stamp-seal Liv. E. 2523 Alabaster vessel Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-brown burnished red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4579 "Mirror"

2.5

YR

5/4,

slipped

and

775 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) pink 7.5 YR 7/4, self-slip Liv. E. 4869; Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

Ceramic vessel; fabric Neg. A. 370 "Alabaster vase big" "Small pot, polished"

324 776 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (one of vases" "two alabasters") Liv. E. 2572 Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

Alabaster vessel "Three large pot "One mirror" "Beads"

(5)

"Four

smaller 183 (4)

pottery

vases"

Pot-types: 777 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

Eastern - not

Ridge

(? )

known

Flint blade - Liv. E. 5298 "Blue beads[? ]" "Large two-handled pot"

778 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern Ridge (? ) pit with VI" recess:

"Two pits. -

Small

none recorded

or located

779 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) 2.5 Y 7/2, self-slip (one of "Three Eastern Ridge (? ), "as above"

- "As above"

(=778

A'09)

Ceramic vessel; marl fabric pots VI") - Bruss. 8512

780 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known or located

none recorded

325 781 A'09

Location Construction Eastern - not Ridge (? ), "path to Ramesseum"

known

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) "Small beads" "Pot [? ] plain" "Two early pots" "One [? ] XII"

(5) (6)

"Shell and one [? ]" "Beads from sand" 81 (1), 104 (1), 128 (1), 146 (1)

Pot types: 782 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

Eastern "Grave"

Ridge

(? )

"Fragments

of

glaze"

Pot types: 783 A'09

Location Construction

13 (1),

84 (1),

166 (1) - Neg. A. 371

Eastern "Pit"

Ridge

(? )

Contents: (1) (2) (3) Scarab (illus. not to scale with Ra") - Neg. A. 577 for Stela inscribed the Neg. A. 372 illustrated) "Group of pottery" - probably iry-'3 n the base of "double scarab (not

hwt-ntr

Sehetpibre

Pot types: 784 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

146 (1)

Eastern "Well"

Ridge

(? ) )

(= shaft-tomb?

Alabaster vessel "2 early pots in "Fragments stone

Ash. 1909.982 well" blue beads from and

top"

326

785 to 789 A'09

Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known or located

none recorded

790 A'09 Location

Construction

Eastern -

Ridge (? )

(1), The stela in is shown in Neg. A. 375 being re-used a It may be serving brick near the surface. construction, a short mud-brick wall as a door between the end of wall at right-angles where it meets a longer mud-brick

Contents: (1)
(2) (3)

Stela inscribed for the Official the Temple of Rameses II, Khay of 1923,64 (not Bruss. 5184; Neg. A. 374; Speleers illustrated) No. 267
"Vase of metal, libation" "Fragment from of ushabti filling"

791 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Eastern "Tomb, Ridge late (? )

style"

"Late beads" "Fragment of glaze" "Curious brush [? ]"

"In
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Filling":

pot"

"Part of pot stone" "Painted fragment of "Pot" "Copper tweezers" "Shell"

Pot types: 792 A'09

Location Construction

122 (1)

Eastern "Pit"

Ridge

(? )

Contents: -

327
(1) (2) (3) "2 fragments "Early pot" "Late pot" of stone"

Pot types: 793 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

119 (1)

Eastern - not

Ridge

(? )

known

(1) (2) (3)

(4) (5)

"Limestone head of figure" "Fragment of varnished coffin" "Pot"

"Top of "Scarab" inscription"

(6) (7)

"Mirror" "2 small

[? ] figs. "

794 A'09
Location Construction Contents: Eastern - not Ridge (? )

known

(1)

"Fragment of stone figure.

Good (torso)"

795 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Fragments glaze" "Pottery" "Late beads nearby"

Eastern -

Ridge (? )

not known -

796 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "North-West known of Der"

- not

(1) (2)

"Late beads" "Skull"

328 797 to 798 A'09

Location Construction Contents: North-west - not known or located Der (? ) of

none recorded

799 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "Garden - not path"

known

(1)

"Late

beads"

800 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)

Piece of ivory with 2 black (ebony? ) inlays Three ivory gaming-pieces (? ) - Liv. E. 7300

Liv. E. 7299 wash white 10

(? ) - Liv. E. 261 Two dark-blue glaze gaming-pieces Ceramic pot stand; fabric 7.5 YR 7/6, reddish-yellow YR 8/1 - Liv. E. 4440 "Alabaster, broken" "Glaze fragment"

801 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Two ivory XVIIa

clappers

Cairo 41362; -

Hickmann

1949,8,

pls. III

&

802 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) fabric light red 10 R 6/8, vessel; slip decoration white 5 YR 8/1/ - Bruss. 8514 red 10 R 5/6, "XII "Pit, dynasty very site", "near house"

deep and big""

Ceramic painted

329 (2) 5 YR 5/4, slip light Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-brown 6/8, painted band at mouth grey 2.5 YR 5/0 - Bruss. 8515 79 (2), 81 (1), 86 (4), 87 (1 - "white (1), 120 (1), 128 (1), 138 (1) paint red 10 R 118

Pot-types:

cross"),

803 A'09 Locatioa Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown "Fragments of glaze" "Small blue ushabtis"
806 A'09 - not - not known known or located

not known not known -

fabric,

no slip

BJK/EA -

804 to Location

Construction Contents:

none recorded

807 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) to scale) Neg. A. 577 - not - not known known

Scarab (illus. not "Shell" "Glazed pendants"

808 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) with traces of yellow paint and gold leaf - not - not known known

Limestone vessel lid, Liv. E. 6529 "Red pottery vessel" "Shells" "Beads" "Cylinder"

330 809 A'09

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

810 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "Near - not pan-graves"

known

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(7) (8)

Limestone vessel - Liv. E. 2606 Serpentine vessel - Liv. E. 2757 Bone pin - Liv. E. 7079 "Mirror" "Scarab"' "2 small [? ]"
"Ball and long glaze "Beard of cartonnage" beads"

(9)

"Pot"

811 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6) (7) (8)

black 'Kerma Ware' beaker; burnished on upper slip, of immediately band of white red on lower part, part, with a thin black, band the thick purplish-grey of and a under Ash. 1909.1019c black Fragment of 'Kerma Ware' beaker; burnished slip, on upper between band of white, two thick red on lower part, part, with a bands of purplish-grey Ash. 1909.1019f black Fragment of 'Kerma Ware' beaker; burnished slip, on upper part, red on lower part, with a band of grey above one of white Ash. 1909.1019i Fragment of 'Kerma Ware' beaker; burnished black slip, on upper part, red on lower part, with a band of white between two bands of Ash. 1909.1019h dark grey Alabaster vessel - Ash. 1909.245 Lead vessel - Ash. 1909.979 "Stelae broken" "Bead" Fragment

331 812 A'09

Location - not known

Construction "

Neg. A. 378 two/three

possibly contents

level at a higher below (? ) listed

square shows a shallow, vessels of type ceramic

in a shaft

pit 186;

containing these are

the

containing

Contents: (1) 5 YR 6/6, slip light Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow red 10 R 6/8, burnished to red 10 R 5/8, with splashes of white on neck Bruss. 8516 Cairo 41342 Blue faience beads (not illustrated) "XVIII dynasty pottery"
"Small bronze mirror"

(2) (3)
(4)

813'A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

(4)

"Ring of light

"Fragments stela" "Beads" "Blue vase"

metal"

814 A'09
Location "West of Kom es-Sultan", confirmed Coptic Der in the background Neg. A. 379 shows a confusion mud-brick walls, with a larger Kom es-Sultan? ) to the east by Neg. A. 379, showing

Construction

small, of wall mud-brick

destroyed (of the

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) faience, blue bead/cylinder Large barrel-shaped of with some detail in black glaze - Liv. E. 153 Spar of quartz - Liv. E. 6596 blade - Liv. E. 6596 Flint Liv. E. 163 Head of a blue faience ushabti light-green Fragment of aw 3t-amulet in faience and black Liv. E. 163 Cairo 41330 "4 Ptolemaic two are stelae" and Liv. E. 68 (not Neg. A. 380 illustrated); "5 ostraca" Ash. D. O. 887,890,894 four & 895 (not are illustrated) [? ]" "Fragments of sculpture "Spear point" "Stone ostrakon. Demotic inscription" "Further fragments and blue glaze, green alabaster and ostracon"

332
(12) (13) "Small stone "Mud figure" figure, seated"

(14) (15) (16)

(17)

"Shells" "[? ] Large stone hoe" "Large pot"

"2 fragments

of inscription"

815 A'09
Location Construction "Near "Ilnd Shuna" dynasty mastaba"

Contents: (1)
(2)

"Stone vases and cup[? ]"

"Coptic objects found nearby"

816 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "North "Pit" of 815"

Pot-types: 817 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1)

117 (1)

"North "Pits" -

of 815"

"Pendants" 117 (4)

Pot-types:

818 A'09
Location Construction - not known pit"

"Small

Contents: 819 A'09

Location Construction

none recorded

or located

- not

known

noc known -

333 Contents: (1) (2) "Part of glazed "Figure" hawk"

(3)

"Pot of kohl"

820 A'09
Location Construction "Garden to Ramesseum"

"Well" -

Contents: (1)
(2) (3) (4)

Ceramic vessel; Ash. 1909.994

fabric

10 YR 4/1, grey

slip

dark grey 2.5 YR 4/0 -

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2611 Liv. E. 7005 Wooden kohl pontil "Small jug with handle"

(5)

"2 shells"

821 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) ceramic pot cylinder" 'beehive pot' Liv. E. 6887 - not known

"Grave"

Door from "Alabaster

(3) (4) (5) (6)

(7) (8)

"Dish [? ]" "Fragments of wooden head-rest" "Fragments blue glaze jar [? ]" "Carnelian bead"
"Button "Amulet" seal"

822 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Bruss. 2754 - not known

"Well"

Alabaster vessel "Early pot"

(3)

"Dish"

Pot-types:

119 (1)

334 823 A'09

Location Construction Contents: - not known

"Tomb" -

(1) (2)

"Cylindrical pendant" "2 small figure pendants"

824 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) to red 10 R 5/8 vessel; slipped and burnished fabric vessel; pink 7.5 YR 7/4, slip weak red decoration illustrated painted white 5 YR 8/1 (detail 2b) - Liv. E. 4462 "Pottery in back [? ]" coffin "Amulets [? ]" Ceramic Ceramic Bruss. 8517 10 R 4/4, as 2a and

not known not known -

(3) (4)

825 A'09
Location - not known

Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3)

"Grave disturbed -

and [? ]"

Demotic ostracon (not Shell (not illustrated) "Some beads"

illustrated) Ash. D. O. 889 Liv. 2355 -

826 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) "Blue beads" 119 (2), 183 (2) - not "Pit known tomb (Roman? )"

Pot-types:

827 A'09
Location Construction - not "Pit" known

335 Contents: (1)

(2)

Ceramic vessel; fabric R 6/6 - Bruss. 8518

"0, broken,

reddish-yellow
of pit"

5 YR 6/6,

slip

light

red

10

from tomb top

828 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known

"Roman tomb [? ]" -

(1) (2)

"4 small pots" "1 large pot"

829 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

830 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) "Pathway" "Shallow pit, chamber under west"

"5 pots" 119 (1)

Pot-types:

831 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not Shaft known tomb, with five chambers - see plan

(6)

Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 6/6, slipped reddish-yellow to and burnished red 10 R 5/6 - Ure. E. 23.27 (illus. Gold earring Cairo 41338 not to scale) "Carnelian (illus. Neg. A. 343 pendants" not to scale) (not illustrated) Shells Liv. E. 2352,2354 & 2356 "Scarab of porcelain", sketch a rough in field of the which, notebook, seems to show that it seems to bears design the [but cf. 836 A'09 (2)] Mn- r-r'

'Ivory

kohl stick"

336 (7) (8) "Beads" "Stone whorl"

832 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known

"Well" -

(1)

"2 early

pots"

Pot-types: 833 A'09 Location

Construction Contents: -

119 (1)

not known "Deep square pit, chamber like XII dynasty tombs"

(1)
(2) (3)

"Jar

"Various "Earring"

pot & bone"

decomposed

charm pendants"

834 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) reddish-yellow Bruss. 8519 5 YR 6/6, slip red 10 - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; sandy fabric R 5/6 (one of "2 pots early")

835 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

Ceramic vessel, with slight 10 R 6/8 - Ash. 1909.974 119 (2)

lip;

fabric

red 2.5 YR 5/6,

slip

red

Pot-types:

337

836 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Ceramic vessel; Glazed steatite slipped scarab to red and burnished Mer. 1977.109.11 10 R 5/6 Man. 7787 -

not known not known -

(3) (4)

"1 flat [? ]" "Part of wooden headrest"

837 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) 'buttons', Faience faience, 10 in blue dark faience Bruss. 4385 'fly' Green faience amulet - Bruss. 4377 "18 pots" 11 in blue/green

not known "Well in side of tomb"

838 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "5 early pots "Top. 2 large from pit" Roman fragments glaze"

not known "Pit" -

Pot types: 839 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

119 (2)

- not "Pit" -

known

"From over,

large

figure

Isis

blue"

840 A'09
Location "East side of Shuna", (Garstang 1909,126) within the Shunet ez-Zebib itself

Construction

not known -

338 Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(6)

(7) (8)
(9)

(10) (11)

kings "About 20 fragments inscribed mud with names + further, (there kings" have 2 IInd. dynasty including been seem to than is mentioned by more of these fragments excavated a good many location for problems regarding the present the field notebook; of Newberry 1909; these fragments n. 999) see Kaplony 1963,163 Negs. A. 382,383 & 384 Cairo 41352 11 flint blades (not illustrated) "Alabaster" fragments" and "alabaster

Potsherd with incised pot-mark; Liv. E. 6438 Rough ceramic equestrian figure

Wooden fragment, with pigment - Ash. 1909.996;

Flint knife - Liv. E. 6531 Thick flint blade(? ) - Liv. E. 6509 Flint blade - B'ham Uncat. Flint blade - Liv. E. 6505 Retouched flint blade - Liv. E. 5296

hieroglyphs, incised Neg. A. 385

filled

with

white

burnished

slip

light

red 10 R 6/8

Ash. 1909.987; -

Neg. A. 190

(12) (13)

"Whorl" "Arrow-head" 121 (1)

Pot-types: 841 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1)

"A little not known -

north

of 840 A'09"

(2) (3)

figurine faience Blue moon-crescent on its 41343 Blue faience figurine registered as coming Blue faience figurine registered as coming -

of a cynocephalus (not head, 41 mm. tall of a Ptah, 41 from 840 A'09) of a ram, 25 from 840 A'09)

baboon, illustrated)

with illustrated illustrated

the Cairo -

(not tall mm. Cairo 41351 (not long mm Cairo 41343 -

"Near": (4) (5) (6) (7)

"2 seal fragments" "Glazed head" "Ibis burials" "Large pots"

Pot types:
842 A'09 Location Construction

174 (1),
to 849 A'09 - not - not

184 (1)

known known

Contents: -

none recorded

or located

339

850 A'09 Location Construction Contents: 851 A'09

Location Construction - not - not known known

"North -

of Shuna"

not known none recorded or located

Contents: 852 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

none recorded

or located

- not - not

known known

(1)
(2) (3)

Flint

Fragment "Painted

blade -

Liv. E. 6508.

knife Liv. E. 5294 of a flint pots" rough early

853 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not - not known known

"Few shells"

(2)

"Carnelian

beads"

854 A'09
Location Construction - not - not known known

Contents: -

none recorded

or located

340 855 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) it "2 pendants "3 [? ] green glazed pendants" "Small beads" "West side of Der" not known -

856 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Fragment of an ovoid "Large pendants" blue glass vessel Bruss. 2766 -

not known not known -

(3)

"Shells,

late"

857 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Pot" "Glazed bird"

858 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) bowl" glazed beads and pendants" - not - not known known

"Mouth of glazed "Number of small

858b A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) of small beads" - not - not known known

"Series

341 859 A'09

Location Construction North-west of the Shunet ez-Zebib (Kemp 1966,15)

large rectangular tomb, at least 3 metres in depth and -A 5 metres long by 4 metres about plastered wide, with This & 389. mud-brick walls - Plate 41; Negs. A. 387,388 is probably the tomb described the as "a fine tomb of first dynasty, through which one wall of of a series had been constructed. One of vaults vast subterranean have been these chambers was found to arranged as a Christian Church, and the Coptic writing upon the walls A. D. " (Garstang century may be as early as the fourth 1909,125)

Contents: (1) fabric Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 5/4 - Liv. E. 4343 reddish-yellow 5 YR 7/8, slip reddish-brown

(2)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

Model fish

5 YR 6/6, burnished Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow base - Ash. 1909.969 10 R 5/6, pot-mark near "Very large cylindrical I dynasty vase of pottery" "Granite for grinding ?" plateau "3 [? ] XII dynasty pots" "3 glaze pendants" "Small glazed beads &2 pendants from top" "4 dishes red pottery" alabaster "Fragments and quartzite vases" "2 seal caps (no inscriptions) 1 from alabaster" "2 other pots and 2 dishes" "1 cylinder with writing"

of green slate

Liv. E. 7823 -

slip

red

Pot-types:

117 (5)

860 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) "Near - not Shuna, north"

known

Liv. E. 2607 Alabaster from fragments vessel, restored Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR temper reddish-brown with limestone 5/4 - Liv. E. 4340 Dagger, with bronze blade, ivory wooden hilt, and pommel 1909,128, B. M. 54679; Negs. A. 381 & 390; Garstang pl. XVII (not Blue glaze beads, roughly illustrated) Cairo cylindrical 41341 "Ball beads" (not illustrated) beads" and "carnelian 2783 -Bruss. "Piece alabaster" "Amethyst scarab"

Pot-types:

121 (2)

342 861 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) 10 R (one - not - not known known

5 YR 7/8, slip Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow weak red 5/4 smeared to give a 'marbling' with a burnt effect, patch Liv. E. 4867 of "2 cylinders") -

862 A'09
Location Construction "XII dynasty known necropolis"

- not

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Scarab (illus. not to scale) Scarab (illus. not to scale) Scarab (illus. not to scale) "2 beads" "3 small pottery dishes" "2 vases" Neg. A. 575 Neg. A. 575 Neg. A. 575 -

863 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2)

(3)' (4) (5)

"XII -

Dynasty west"

not known -

"1 XVIII "1 [? ]"

pot"

"Small cup" "Ushabtis" "Masque"

864 A'09
Location Construction "Ridge east of house"

- not

known

Contents: (1) (2) Ceramic vessel; fabric red 5 YR 4/8, - B'ham. Unnumbered yellowish Ceramic pot stand; fabric 7.5 YR 6/6, wash red 10 R reddish-yellow 4/6, patches of white 10 YR 8/2 - Liv. E. 4678

(3) (4)

"XXII pot" [= type 173] "Fragments cartonnage"

343 865 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "XII dynasty known site"

- not

"Scarab of Amen-Ra" "XII dynasty beads" "Pot"

866 to 867 A'09

Location Construction Contents: "Ridge east of house"

- not

known or located

none recorded

868 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "XII - not dynasty known site"

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.59 "Ivory inlay" "Few ball & [? ] beads" "Kohl broken but fitting" "Alabaster jug with handle" "Scarab" "Bits of stucco"

Pot types: 869 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

122 (3)

"Ridge

east

of

house"

- not

known

"Fine "Ivory "Base

broken" scarab, head of a pin" of blue glaze vase"

344 870 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) to Osiris, - not - not known known

King Broken stela, the lunette showing the offering (not illustrated) Neg. A. 392 Horus and Isis -

871 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

872 A'09
Location Construction Contents: comprising and paste' Birds, a Human MacGregor 17 Figure and "Garden to Temple path"

- not

known

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

small amulets.... in stone other objects, "Carnelian beads" "3 alabasters" "Mirror"

'Twelve

"4 pots (VI)" 134 (1), 150 (1), 152 (1), 158 (1), 166 (1)

Pot-types: 873 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

- not - not

known known

Ivory fragment Liv. E. 7002 "Large early pot"

"3 [? ]"
to 879 A'09 - not - not known known or located

874 A'09 Location Construction Contents:

none recorded

345

880 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "Pathway" - not known

(1)
(2) (3)

Ceramic vessel; fabric reddish-yellow burnished to red 10 R 5/8 - Liv. E. 4985

Scarab "Glaze (illus. beads" not to scale)

YR 7/8,

slipped

and

Neg. A. 577 -

(4)
(5)

"Shells"
"2 glazed pendants"

881 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) reddish-yellow 5 YR 7/8, burnished slip red - not - not known known

Ceramic vessel; fabric 10 R 5/6 - Liv. E. 4482

882 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) of shell" rough pot" - not known pit in sand"

"Square

"Beads "Large

883 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) beads" - not known pit"

"Square -

"Carnelian and glazed "VI pot" "Fragment glaze dish" "Wood headrest" "Pottery vase II" "Black pot vase"

346 884 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Red pottery dish" "Wood head rest"

not known "VI" -

885 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3)

"Pot" "Beads"
"Early pot and fragments top"

Pot-types: 886 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) -

165 (1),

172 (2)

- not "Pots -

known built in top of pit"

"Top. Lapis pendant" "Small charms" "Large number wooden figures"

887 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (illus. not to scale) Neg. A. 395 - not - not known known

Two clay (? ) figurines "Alabaster vase, small" "Shells" "Pendants"

888 A'09
Location Construction - not --not known known

347 Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Shells" "Beads" "Glazed bead [? ]"

889 A'09
Location - not known

Construction Contents: (1)

"Square pit -

with

side chamber"

Ceramic vessel;

slipped

and burnished

to red 10 R 5/8 - Bruss. 8520

890 A'09
Location This tomb, and an unknown number following it, are "Tombs at bottom of mound west of Der" as being, - not known or located noted

Construction Contents:

none recorded

891 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

"Small glaze beads" "Small ball beads" "2 pots" "Wooden beard[? ] from mummy at "More beads"

bottom[?

]"

892 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) pit" - not known pit, chamber closed"

"Square

"Polished red pot from square "Fragments wood inscribed"

348 893 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Offering inscribed table, Neg. A. 396 ] on grave" "Skull[? "4 pots" for Ns-inbrt (not illustrated) -'

not known "Grave" -

894 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) paint Ash. 1909.983 - not "Big known pit"

in black decoration Blue glazed vessel, with Neg. A. 575 Scarab (illus. to scale) not "Large fragment glaze dish "More fragments" "Alabaster vase" "1 stone vase" "Beard of mummy" dish" "Pottery spotted "Glazed figure"

895 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known pit"

"Shallow

(1)
(2)

"1 painted[?
"Glazed

] pot"
with

pendant

figure

in

[? ]"

896 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not known square"

"Grave,

"2 pots, Roman" "Top. stone table" "Stela, half with

5 columns

inscribed"

349 897 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Top. "Late Bit of beads" stela" - not - not known known

(3) (4) (5)

(6) (7)

"Tall[? "Pots" "Nail"

] pottery

stand"

"Blue glazed beads late" "Large glazed object"

898 A'09
Location Construction Contents: B. M. 57900; of a lotus-leaf 1979,12, nn. 114 & 115, fig. Neg. A. 620; 21; illus. - not "VI known pit"

(1)
(2) (3)

Bronze mirror in the form MacGregor, 1483; Lilyquist Wilson 1986,87 after "2 alabasters" "Top, late beads"

899 A'09 Location Construction

Contents: -

not known not known none recorded or located

900 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) ; Pqf" r razd-, /. 4v3 iE,.

Cn the

edge of

the

Eastern

Ridge

(see

Plate

42)

- not

known

"Inscribed lintel of Senebtify" "Large pottery ostracon"

901 A'09
Location Construction "Garden path" & "In a door of 941 group"

- not

known

350 Contents: (1) "Jamb of door and 2 others" Liv. E. 35; Neg. A. 405 -

902 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) fragment from for vault[? ]" "top" Liv. E. 7834 - not - not known known

Limestone statue "Stone fragments "Mirror" "Beads"

903 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) pot bowl with spout" Liv. E. 146 - not - not known known

"Glazed "Shells"

904 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "4 VI dynasty pots" "2 late pots from top"

not known not known -

905 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) amulet Liv. E. 152 - not - not known known

Green faience "Small shells"

(3) (4)

"Bes[? ] figure" "Top. Part of table"

351 Pot-types: 906 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) inscribed" - not - not known known

104 (1)

"Pottery fragments "Fragment glaze"

(3) (4)

"2 pots" "Late beads"

907 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"[? ] Pottery" "Late ushabtis"

908 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) missing) 2/8 columns" - not "Pit" known

"Stela (? bottom "Few late beads" "Glazed figure"

909 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

"Top of stela" from "top" "Late beads" "Fragment glaze" "Wings of a scarab [? ]"

352
910 A'09 - not - not of 3 amphorae" 187 (1) known known

Location C: instruction Contents: (1)

"Deposit

Pot-types:

186 (2),

911 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) of stela, broken" - not - not known known

"3 fragments "Bead"

912 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) - not known
/

"Covered

tomb of

late

type"

5 YR 6/6, interior fabric and rim reddish-yellow vessel; 2.5 YR 6/6 - B'ham. Unnumbered; MacGregor 1696 light red washed 5 YR 6/8, slip fabric red 10 R 6/6, Ceramic vessel; reddish-yellow band at mouth very dark grey 10 YR 3/1 - Liv. E. 4786 painted (? ) bronze beads Copper and pearl of agate, with ring Mer. 1977.109.4 "16 more pots and [? ]" "Alabaster and blue kohls" "Mixed beads" Neg. A. 343 (_, Zot illustrated) "Small [faience] figures" "Fragment glaze jug" Ceramic

Pot-types:
913 A'09 Location

92 (1),

97 (1),

104 (1),

112 (1),

122 (10),

138 (3),

186 (2)

"Found in (Garstang - not inscribed known

the desert-edge 1909,127).

near

the

temple

of Rameses II"

Construction Contents: (1)

"Cylinder

pp PP

"-

for

the

importance

of

this

353
(2) p. 121-122 seal see "Fragment glaze"

914 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) beads" - not - not known known

"2 late/carnelian "2 pots"

915 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Late scarab" "2 pots"

916 A'09 Location

Construction Contents: -

known - not
"XII shape pit but chamber under side"

(1) (2)
(3)

"Mirror" "Small beads"

"Carnelian pendant"

Pot-types: 917 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

117 (1)

- not -

known pit" or located

"Blank

none recorded

918 A'09 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

354
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) "2 "2 "1 "1 "1 red pots" pots" early mirror" large pot" pot" yellow

919 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) with red 10 large R white 4/8 - not - not known known

black diorite; Stone groundmass of vessel 1909,27 Garstang Ash. 1909.967; inclusions to Ceramic and burnished slipped vessel; B'ham. Unnumbered; MacGregor 1768

(3) (4)
(5) (6) (7)

Ceramic vessel; Liv. E. 4845 "Mirror"

fabric

reddish-yellow

5 YR 7/8,

slip

red 10 R

5/8

"Vase of alabaster" "1 shell" "Piece of [? ]"

920 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "West of Coptic Der"

- not

known

"Blue glaze fragments" "[? ] bead and [? ]"

921 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) 10 YR 7/4, self-slip, incised pot-mark "Garden path. North of above"

- not

known

Ceramic vessel; marl fabric (? ) - Liv. E. 4705 "2 scarabs" "Blue cylinder beads"

922 A'09 Location Construction "Garden path"

- not

known

355 Contents: (1) (2) "Glazed beads" "Small figure scarab with [? ] mounting"

923 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "North "Pit of Der" [? ] vault"

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5)

"Fragments glaze" "Kohl stick"

"Glazed beads" "Small scarab" "[? ]"

924 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) jasper x2, iv) Liv. E. 1149; "North "Pit" of Der"

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

ii) jasper xl, iii) xl, Amulets of: i) blue faience faience dark blue faience xl blue/green xl, v) Neg. A. 343 1 with handle, "Pottery dynasty, XVIII and 1 thin" "2 scarabs" "Blue beads" "Blue dish" from 923 ?" "Fragments of glaze above earring" pit"

From "Vault (7) "Ivory

Pot types:

78 (16), 144 (4),

8 (1), 87 (1), 147 (1)

104 (1),

108 (2),

134 (1),

137

(1),

925 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) late ball beads" bead" "Garden path"

- not

known

"Numerous "[? ] late

356 926 A'09

Location Construction Contents: "near "small Tahun[? ] N. W. of boys[? ] grave" Coptic"

Pot-types: 927 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1)

148 (1)

"Coptic -

graves North-West

of Der"

not known -

Two silver

coptic

crosses

(not

illustrated)

Cairo -

41349

928 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) red and green glazed glazed pendant" beads" - not - not known known

"Small "Green

929 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Path Ramesseum"

- not

known

"Alabaster vase" "Glazed fragment" "Slate"

930 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) impressions Liv. Uncat. "West of Coptic series of Der" & "Next to 859"

"Great -

vaulted

chambers"

Large number (c. 100) mud seal "Ushabtis"

357 931 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) BJK/EA brown fabric, Ceramic vessel; no slip "Numerous lids of vase with sealed top" "Fragments of alabaster"

"Inside -

chamber of 930 in line

with

859"

not known -

932 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "3 pottery vases" "Coptic inscription"

"Near 931" not known -

Pot types:

117 (2)

933 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) ornaments" "East of known 'church"'

- not

"Coptic

934 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) limestone inclusions fabric with red 10 R 5/6 - Bruss. 8521 slip light "Below" (933 A'09? )

- not

known

Ceramic vessel; rough 5 YR 6/4, reddish-brown "Coptic ring"

Pot types:

117 (1)

358 935 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) of glaze" 119 (2), 122 (1) "East of Der" known

- not

"Fragments

Pot-types:

97 (3),

936 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "Garden "Pit" path"

(1)

"XVIII

pottery" 122 (3), 133 (1), 141 (1)

Pot-types: 937 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

- not -

known of boy" I

"Grave

"Wood bird [? ]" "Small beads"

938 A'09 Location

Construction

not known "Pit 3 metres Pit deep. Roman at bottom. with coffin broken apart. 3 burials, 1 vaults above. Wooden coffin full 3 children. Heads 1 each way" See Plate 43 length.

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Ceramic vesssel; Bruss. 8522 Spouted alabaster Alabaster vessel Alabaster vessel "2 "1 "1 "[? fabric light reddish-brown 2.5 YR 6/4, self-slip

(5)
(6) (7) (8) (9)

"1 ring"

vessel - Liv. E. 2501 with broken rim - Liv. E. 2517 and lid - Liv. E. 2529a

from Negs. A. 575-577 scarabs" -1 Negs. A. 575-577 square button" Negs. A. 575-577 round button" ] bronze fittings"

359
Probably (10) (11) (12) (13) (16) (17) (18) from "chamber south":

"[? ] knife" "2 gold earrings" "Gold mounted scarab" Negs. A. 575-577 "Hawk scarab" Negs. A. 575-577 "1 long-shaped scarab" "Small beads and amulet" "Pot and bead"

Pot types:

86 (2),

87 (1),

88 (1),

94 (1),

97 (4),

122 (2),

137 (1)

939 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known

"Vault" -

(1)
(2)

Fragment of Liv. E. 7827

"Pieces of

light

green

faience

with

incised

decoration

cartonnage"

940 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Number of "Beads" small pots"

not known not known -

(3)
(4)

"Hone"
"Glazed beads on top"

Pot-types:

86 (1),

108 (1),

122 (1),

124 (4)

360

The Group 941-949 A'09

941-949 at

A'09

was probably being an

the

richest

tomb to

be excavated

by

Garstang of the from

Abydos,

undisturbed The remarkable

vaulted-chamber series of objects than the can

tomb

mid-Eighteenth this within currently a short (Garstang

Dynasty.

recovered be

tomb require the confines

a more detailed of the

consideration thesis; of in the the his

attempted author published is

present

present Garstang on the from

undertaking description of

such a study the group while

material. report

1909 the

season has is the

1909,128-129), by place on the Merrillees this Eastern

Cypriote

pottery This of

tomb note of

been published intended excavations to

(1968,111-113). in the context

short the rest

tomb

Ridge.

The tomb-plan cardboard by Garstang p. 49). of now in in

given the

overleaf archives

is of

based on a sketch-plan the for S. A. O. S. and on the February 1909

on a piece drawing (see

of given

his

monthly

report

Appendix, the removal in the eight each

The construction Old Kingdom Eighteenth of which while at

of this shafts, Dynasty least 941 of

tomb seems to have involved the bases of which The are

some Late of the

visible contained

floor

chambers. four

tomb

interments, in

were undisturbed reported by (see

burials, as

two

944 and 949,

is

Garstang Appendix, of

containing These

"several latter

superposed are possibly lending although

layers

interments"

p^49).

to be identified credence there to

as a series Garstang's theory

near-contemporary that connect of the this was this, Nineteenth a as

interments, family Garstang Dynasty tomb,

fill no is/ sound reason 49), p! /11 with a stela

to

does (see "found

Appendix,

nearby".

361

.-
1,

1 m..

947
I

48

a-"

1,

r- x . _.

The main chambers of the Eighteenth Dynasty tomb are 941,942,944 is composed of two chEAbers with separate (see and 949.942 vaults section a... b). (Roman? ) tomb, while 947 and the two 948 is a high-level later broken squares labelled tombs of x are shaft/shaft-and-chamber destroyed by the building the Late Old Kingdom, partially of the New Kingdom structure.

Tomb complex

941-949

A'09

362 950 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) stela" "Garden path"

- not

known

"Small "Pot"

Pot types: 951 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

40 (1),

160 (1),

163 (1),

166 (1) - Neg. A. 473

- not - not

known known

(not "Glazed pendants, good" these appear on Neg. A. 474 illustrated) bead (not Crystal

illustrated)

- an uncertain

number of

Bruss. 4419) -

952 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Carnelian beads" "Small pendant"

953 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

"Pottery vases" "Wooden head rest" "Shells" "Large pottery vase"

954 A'09 Location Construction Eastern "Pit Ridge (? ) fill" Neg. A. 475 shows the

below

Roman tomb with

363
top of an oblong below the ground brick-lined surface shaft, about one metre

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) fabric light Ceramic vessel; grey 10 YR 7/2, painted self-slip, bands weak red 10 R 5/3 - Bruss. 8537 light fabric 5 YR 6/4, Ceramic vessel; reddish-brown self-slip, bands red 10 R 5/6 - Bruss. 8536 painted light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 6/6, slip pink 5 YR 7/4, bands weak red 10 R 4/4 - Bruss. 8535 painted 2.5 fabric light YR 6/6, Ceramic red vessel; self-slip Bruss. 8534 light fabric Ceramic vessel; pink 5 YR 7/4, slip red 10 R 6/6 Bruss. 8533 light light fabric Ceramic vessel; 10 R red 2.5 YR 6/6, slip red 6/6, painted band at mouth grey 2.5 YR 5/0 - Bruss. 8529 light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 10 R 6/6, red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip band at burnished to red 10 R 5/8, painted mouth grey vertically 2.5 YR 5/0 - Bruss. 8532 light 10 R 6/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; red red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip band at mouth grey 2.5 YR 5/0 - Bruss. 8531 painted light 2.5 YR 5/8, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 6/6, red dark grey 2.5 YR 4/0 - Bruss. 8528 paint 10 R 5/6, YR 5/8, fabric 2.5 Ceramic vessel; slipred red band white 5 YR 8/1 burnished to red 10 R 5/8, painted vertically Bruss. 8530 fabric Ceramic vessel; pale red 10 R 6/4 red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip Bruss. 8527 light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 10 R 6/6 red 2.5 YR 5/8, slip Bruss. 8526 YR 6/6 light 2.5 fabric Ceramic vessel: with small red white (horizontally 10 R 5/6 burnished on top, grits, of red slip bottom) to red 10 R 5/8 - Bruss. 8552 on vertically light fabric Ceramic vessel; red 2.5 YR 6/6, slipped and burnished bands grey 2.5 YR 5/0 - Bruss. 8548 to red 10 R 5/8, painted 5 YR 6/6, slip fabric Ceramic vessel; pale reddish-yellow yellow 2.5 Y 8/4 - Bruss. 8547

(8) (9) (10)

(11) (12) (13)

(14) (15)

'(17)

(16) Ceramic vessel; fabric light 6/8, thin wash pinkish-white (18) Ceramic vessel; Bruss. 8551
(19) fabric Ceramic vessel; R 6/6 - Bruss. 8546

red 2.5 YR 6/8, slip light 5 YR 8/2 - Bruss. 8549

5 YR 7/6, slip

red

10

reddish-yellow

light

red

10

fabric

pink 5 YR 7/4,

slip

light

red 10

6/6

(20) (21) (22)

(23) (24)

light 10 R 6/6, fabric Ceramic vessel; red pink 5 YR 7/4, slip faint band around carination traces of a paint white 5 YR 8/1, line around the rim dark grey 2.5 YR 4/0 - Bruss. 8550 Ceramic vessel; 5 YR 6/6, fabric faint reddish-yellow self-slip, paint on upper body white 5 YR 8/1 - Bruss. 8553 Ceramic vessel; fabric light 2.5 YR 6/4, slip light reddish-brown 5 YR 6/4 - Bruss. 8511 reddish-brown Ceramic fabric interior; cow (? ) vessel with moulded on light 5 YR 7/6, slip reddish-yellow red 10 R 6/6, traces of paint Bruss. 8539; two on rim and interior white 5 YR 8/1 one of examples shown on Neg. A. 476 Ceramic vessel; fabric pale red 10 R 6/4, slip red 10 R 5/6, paint line near mouth white 5 YR 8/1 - Bruss. 8538 Ceramic vessel; fabric light (on red 10 R 6/8, slip red 10 R 5/8 10 YR exterior) and red 10 R 4/6 (on interior) with paint white

364
(25) (26) Ceramic vessel; body light red Ceramic vessel; Bruss. 8543

8/1 - Liv. E. 4791

fabric 5 YR 6/6, reddish-yellow paint 10 R 6/6 - Bruss. 8545 fabric 10 pale red 10 R 6/4, slip red

on R

upper 5/6 -

(27) Ceramic vessel; Bruss. 8542 (28) (29) (30) (31)

fabric

pale red 10 R 6/4,

red light 10 R 5/6, red slip

slip
pale slip

light
red red

red 10 R
10 10 R R 6/4 5/8

6/6
-

(32) (33) (34)

(35) (36)

fabric Ceramic vessel; Bruss. 8540 fabric Ceramic vessel; Bruss. 8541 fabric Ceramic vessel; Alabaster vessel -B'ham.

10 R 6/6,

5 YR 6/6 reddish-yellow Neg. A. 477 A. 60.1984;

Bruss. 8544 -

Stone vessel (illus. not to scale) Stone vessel (illus. not to scale) Ivory bracelet - Liv. E. 7019
"14 scarabs" "Blue drop" (including

A. 477 -Neg. Neg. A. 477 illustrated)

B. M. 54689 ?? - not

(37)

"Glazed and shell

beads" 94 (1), 97 (1), 102 (1), 103

Pot types:

86 (3), 87 (1), 92 (2), 93 (4), (1), 104 (2), 108 (2), 144

955 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) smaller - not - not known known

Large faience with a row of wd3t-eye onn one side, amulet, (not illustrated) Cairo 41334 ones on the other [? ]" "Wood feather "Small beads"

956 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Blue figure" "Shells" "Wooden headrest"

957 A'09 Location Construction Contents: "Garden "Vaulted path" tomb"

365
(1) Blue glazed Bruss. 4404 scarab inscribed Mnr-r' not illustrated) -

(2)
(3) (4)

"Whorl"
"Small "Pot" glazed fragments"

Pot types: 958 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

148 (1)

- not - not

known known

(1)

"3 blue stelae" 308-309

- one

is

Cairo

41331;

Neg. A. 380;

Munro

1977,

959 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Late "Top. beads and fragments" 1 scarab" - not - not known known

960 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) & shell, wrapped together" - not - not known known

"Mirror

961 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) pottery dishes, VI" - not "Pit" known

"3 red

366 962 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

(surface)" "2 2-handled pots "1 glazed 1 blue hawk pendant"

963 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) ] blue pendant" - not - not known known

"4 pieces[?

964 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Top. boy buried" "2 rings[? ]"

965 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) with studs" - not known

"Well",

"Wood headrest

966 A'09
Location Construction - not known coffin. feet". Burial of a child with See Plate 48 = Neg. A. 479

"Pit. At 1 metre a small 2 small wood boxes below

Contents: (1) (2)

at ]" left hand"

"Scarab, "Skull[?

367
"Box A"

(3) (4) (5)

(6) (7)

Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster "Stone" "[? ] horn"

vessel vessel vessel

Alabaster the vessel, "Stone with spout" "Small alabaster[? "Bone earring" ]"

Ash. 1909.971; Ash. 1909.972; Ash. 1909.973; remaining

Plate Plate Plate

one of

48 = Neg. A. 479 48 = Neg. A. 479 48 = Neg. A. 479

"4 alabaster vases"

(8) (9)
(7) (8)

(9)

"Stone

[? ]"

"Box B"

(10)

"Beads and small

things

in box, wood, about 6" x 3" with

[? ]"

967 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) pot" - not known

"Roman vault" -

"2 large amphorae" "Amulet and pilgrim

Pot types:

186 (2)

968 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

Neg. A. 482 Bruss. 2755; Alabaster vessel 1909,127 Neg. A. 482; Garstang Stone vessel (illus. not to scale) Cairo 41334; Neg. A. 482 Stone vessel (illus. to scale) not -

969 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) vessel vessel vessel Liv. E. 2569; Neg A. 483 Liv. E. 2 13; Neg. A. 483 Liv. E. 2598; Neg. A. 483 - not - not known known

Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster

368 (4) (5) (6)

(7)

Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster

"Cup with

vessel vessel vessel

lip

from

Liv. E. 2600; Neg. A. 483 Liv. E. 2689; Neg. A. 483 Liv. E. 2701; Neg. A. 483 leg end of burial"

Neg. A. 483 -

970 A'09
Location Construction "Top of - not path to Ramesseum"

known

Contents: (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

"Beads" "Portion table offerings" "Wooden figure [? ] decayed" "Late beads" "Late pot of [? ]"

Limestone mould for a 'son of Horus' "Surface. Fragments stone, painted"

Ash. 1909.989 -

Pot types: 971 A'09

Location Construction

122 (1)

- not - not

known known

Contents: (1)
(2)

"Alabaster jug with Garstang 1909,128

"4 other alabasters" Neg. A. 484

uraeus"

Cairo 41363; Plate Cairo

50

Neg. A. 484;
50 =

including -

41364 & 41365;

Plate

(3) (4)
(5) (6)

"Mirror and wooden handle" "Wood headrest" (not illustrated)

Small stone palette - Plate 50 = Neg. A. 484 Vessel lid - Plate 50 = Neg. A. 484
Neg. A. 485 -

972 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not "Pit" known

"Ivory lid" "Amulet dog" "Glazed beads" "Stela/slate[? ]" "Late beads"

369 973 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not "Pit" known

beads" "Carnelian "Glazed pendants"

974 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not known

"Vault"

"Late beads" "3 amulets"

975 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) stela with name" - not "Pit" known

"Early

976 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"4 early pots" "Small [? ] figure" [? ] for "Painted wood 119 (4)

bottom"

Pot types:

977 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) group of poor amulets (not illustrated) A. 343 -Neg. - not known

"Vault" -

Small

370
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) "3 scarabs" "Bronze hawk" "Shells" "Late beads" "Scarab with monkey" "Blue beads, 5" "Scarab"

978 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not known

"Vault"

"Late beads" "Eye pendant, poor "Fragments glaze"

glaze"

979 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) late beads" pot" blue beads" for figure" [? ] of ring" - not - not known known

"Top. "Large "Late "Head "Late

Pot types:

183 (1)

980 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

49 = Neg. A. 486 Alabaster Plate is Mer. 1973.1.197; vessel - one Alabaster (illus. Plate 49 = Neg. A. 486 to scale) vessel not Alabaster Plate 49 = Neg. A. 486 (illus. to scale) vessel not Alabaster (illus. 49 = Neg. A. 486 Plate to scale) vessel not "2 big painted pot"

371

981 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Late beads" "2 blue figures"

982 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3) (4)

"Wood headrest" "Shell"

"2 carnelian beads" "2 large pots"

372

983 A'09
Location Construction "Near"

This tomb seems to have been a chambered tomb which was (Ptolemaic? ) period, in the re-used and contained a coffins within stone number of cartonnage sarcophagi. (5) seem to have been used The two New Kingdom stelae as lids for the sarcophagi

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) "Mummy & beads & cartonnage" "Small mummy" "Painting for mummy" "[? ] mummified cats" Probably from this Negs. A. 495-498 (not refs. cit. ) tomb come illustrated, the but two large stelae shown in for one see PM V, 99 and

984 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not "Pit" known

(1)

"Mud man on horseback"

(= Ash. 1909.992? )

373
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) "Above pit, late beads" "Fragments of glaze" "Bottom, glaze stela" "Glazed wing of scarab, "Top: 1 handled pot"

late"

985 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)
(3)

"1 pot with handle" "Few beads"

"Late beads"

986 A'09
Location This "XII - not it, tomb, an an uncertain number after are from the (= south side of North Cemetery ?) dynasty site" known

Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

"Late ushabti "4 wood genii,

figures" large"

987 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known late"

"Vault

(1)
(2) (3) (4)

"Small

beads"
glaze"

"Fragments "2 faces" "Mud man"

988 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Wooden mask" "Roman pot"

374 989 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (not illustrated) Bruss. 4422 - not - not known known

Faience amulets "White dog" "Beads" "Silver eye"

990 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) -1= B'ham. Unnumbered - not known pit. West side chamber"

"Square -

"2 small alabasters" "Shells" "Carnelian bead" "Small mirror"

991 A'09
Location Construction - not known descending west under great mastaba. 2 remains of

"Steps a vault"

Contents: (1) (2) Fragmentary wooden (dummy t'eg. A. 503 Ash. 1909.998; "Stela, figure small with Neg. A. 503 ?) canopic jar animal" (not illustrated) (not illustrated) -

adoring

(3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

"VIth

"Ivory late beads" "Wood bird" "Shell" "2 large pots" "Part of offering table" "2 early [? ] pots" "Red pot & pot" "Shell beads" "Early pots" "Top. 2 large stones"

pot"

Pot types:

119 (4)

375 992 A'09

Location Construction Contents: - not known above 991"

"Vault

(1) (2)

"Late beads" "Shell"

993 A'09
Location "Next to 868". it are located - not known This tomb and an uncertain in the "XII dynasty site" number after

Construction

Contents: (1) (2) Alabaster "1 pot" vessel Liv. E. 2525

(3)

"Plain

white

alabaster"

994 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) vessel Liv. E. 114 "XII "Pit" dynasty"

Blue faience "Ball bead" "Tube[? ]"

995 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "XII dynasty" known

- not

"Small amulets" "Garnet beads" "Ivory inlay"

Pot types:

122 (1)

997 - 999 A'09

Location - not known

Construction

- not known

376
or located

Contents:

none recorded

996 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) from this tomb area (Liv. inlay ivory of small bronze blade E. 8157), neither is (Liv. E. 967) illustrated and a - not - not known known

Possibly fragment

1000 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) earrings" - not - not known known

"Gold

1001 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not "Pit" known

"Wooden headrest"

1002 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

"From radeem" (1) (2) "Stone with "Late ivory hawk head" beads[? ]"

1003 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

377 (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Cypriote spindle bottle (not illus. ) Neg. A. 506 & Neg. A. 543; 1968,113, Merrillees pl. XXXI, 4 Cypriote flask (not illus. ) - Cairo 41369; Neg. A. 506 & Neg. A. 543; 1968,113, Merrillees pl. XXXI, 4
)- Neg. A. 506 Razor(not illus. )- Neg. A. 506 Alabaster illus. vessel and lid(not )- Neg. A. 506 illus. Light vessel and lid(not stone Hone/rubber(not-illus. )- Neg. A. 506 )- Neg. A. 506 illus. Pontil(not "2 VI pots" "Small beads"

1004 A'09
Location Construction Contents: deposit in north-west corner" - not - not known known

"Undisturbed

(1)
(2)

Alabaster

'A Vase, with flattened body and short neck expanding globular lip, 5.5 in. high by 7.5 in. diam.; to a flat arragonite, suddenly is neck of the vase meets the a at the point where the shoulder foliate fault decoration; band of conventional there is a natural from this band to the base, which the in the stone running artist by engraving its has beautified with an open papyrus plant along MacGregor 941 length' whole 'A Bowl, in arragonite, 3.5 in. diam. ' (3) spout, with long channelled MacGregor 973 'A Vase, of low cylindrical form widening (4) suddenly at the base and flat broad lip, in the way up to the projecting all gradually ' MacGregor 976 3 7/8 in. high by 3.75 in. diam.... arragonite, '... another [alabaster form, 5 7/8 (5) cylindrical vessel], of tall MacGregor 976 lip' in. high by 4 in. wide at the flat 'A Vase, in arragonite, (6) body and ridged with long conical neck, ' MacGregor 1007 6.75 in. high... '... another (7) [alabaster 6 in. high' MacGregor 1007 vessel], (8) 'A Vase, of elongated in arragonite, with expanding pear shape, MacGregor 1008 lip.... 8.5 in. high... the neck broken' 'a Vase, of conical (9) 6 5/8 form, with ridged neck, high' in. MacGregor 1009 (10) Bronze mirror handle, 5.25 high MacGregor 1481; in. without Neg. A. 508; Lilyquist 1979,12 n. 110 (11) "1 pot" (12) "Skull"

vessel

Mer. 1977.109.54; -

MacGregor 1008 (? )

(13) "1 pot from top"

(14) "3[? ] table offerings top"

1005 A'09 Location Construction - not - not known known

378 Contents: (1) (2) Alabaster vessel - Bruss. 2752 "Top: 2 late rings" one is Liv. E. 968 -

1006 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

Large glazed amulet (illus. not to scale) "Mud box: gold[? ] dish (Top)" "Wood box glazed figure [? ] with crown" "Top: 2 stone tables, plain"

1007 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2519 "2 red pots" "Top stone table" to 1009 A'09 - not - not known known or located

1008 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

none recorded

1010 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not - not known known

"Pot" & "fragment" "Glazed " "Alabaster kohl with stick" "2 scarabs, 1 with lion" and "beads"

1011 A'09
Location - not known

379 Construction Contents: (1) faience ii) light-green iii) Beads of: i) turquoise x2, stone, faience faience iv) blue-green turquoise xl, x14, v) shell x2, vi) faience light-green & light-green faience x2, vii) x2 x3 steatite light-blue faience faience & light-blue dark-blue x3, viii) with faience black band xl, ix) turquoise with stripe, turquoise x) faience dark-blue, faience with traces of xl, xi) light-green Liv. E. 2237

- shallow

grave

(2)

"Pot VI"

1012 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not known [? ] hole"

"Grave

"Glazed amulets" "2 small pots"

1013 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) [= Neg. A. 512 ?] - not - not known known

"Ushabti from top" (not illustrated) "Large limestone figurine"

(3)
(4)

"Early
"Top.

Large

pot"

blue

seal,

Ra-Menkheper"

1014 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) - not known

"Grave" -

"Genii"

(2)

"Late

beads"

1015 A'09
Location Construction - not "Pit" known

380 Contents: (1) "Few late beads"

1016 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

"Fragments wood inscribed"

1017 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

"2 beads"

1018 A'09
Location Construction "Extreme "XII west of Coptic pit" cemetery"

dynasty

Contents: (1) (2) "Small alabasters" "Egg and some ball faience & carnelian beads"

1019 A'09 Location Construction Contents: from Plate 51 (Neg. A. 515) shows objects 1019 Although tomb-numbers can be seen on some of the is uncertain of these tombs to assign the others A'09 1112 and objects, exactly A'09. which

"Next to 1018 to east" "Pit" -

(1)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

"Alabaster Neg. A. 515

cup with

self-pedestal"

Mer. 1977.109.73;

P1.51

(7)

"Small

"Vase in 2 portions" P1.51 = Neg. A. 515 "Carnelian disc" scarab" and "Silver "Mirror" P1.51 = Neg. A. 515; Lilyquist 1979,40 "Set of fine glazed beads" including "carnelian "Late Period scissors"

n. 454 legs"

pots"

381 1020 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) fabric very pale brown pupil 10 YR 8/3, self-slip - not known

"Vault" -

Ceramic vessel: Liv. E. 3094 Alabaster inlaid "Glazed bird"

eye with

black

Liv. E. 7851

(4) (5) (6)

"Bes[? ]" "Shells" "Beads"

1021 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) "Fine stela with 2 persons against a wall" - not known

Offering-Chapel? -

1022 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) - not - not known known

fabric 2.5 YR 4/4, Ceramic vessel: reddish-brown with wash on upper body dark red 10 R 3/6 - B'ham unnumbered; MacGregor 1703 Flint Liv. E. 7820 flake "Gold plaster mask, broken" "Fragment of curving mud[? ] eye" "Pendant"

1023 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) from - not - not known known

"Late beads" "Fragment of

stela

radeem"

382 1024 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "XII dynasty known site"

- not

"Piece of stela" "Small red[? ] pot" "[? ] copper things"

Pot-types: 1025 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

122 (1)

- not - not

known known

"Fragment

of

stela,

all

broken"

1026 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

"Piece late[? ] pottery" ] bronze" "Piece/pin[? "Few small beads"

1027 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) lid" "XII dynasty known [site? ]"

- not

"[? ] pot alabaster "Amethyst bead" "Small pot" "Long [? ]"

1028 A'09 Location Construction "Near - not Shuna"

known

383 Contents: (1) (2) "Amphora, 8 large" "Leg[? ] of wood" 173 (1), 177 (6)

Pot types: 1029 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (2) -

"XII

dynasty known

site"

- not

Ivory inlay strip "2 glazed beads" "Glazed amulet"

Liv. E. 7064 -

1030 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) - not known

"Vault" -

"Scarab" "Seal" "Late beads" "Face"

1031 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not known broken"

"Vaults

"Late beads" "Glazed bead" "Green Bes[? ] figure"

1032 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) kohl" "XII - not dynasty known site"

"Lid of alabaster "Small beads" "Ushabti figure"

384
(4) Pot "XII types: dynasty 129 (1), pottery" 146 (1)

1033 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not "XII known pit"

(1)
(2) (3)

"Ball

beads"

"1 barrel green glaze" "Above, late leg[? ] beads"

1034 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 3 fragments in pit" plus 2 further - not "Pit" known

"Top. Bit of pan pottery, fragments "Beads & pot from pit" "Large pot, same" "Beads" "2 small pots" "Basket" "Carnelian bead" "Bone dish"

(7)
(8) (9)

"6 vases"

Pot types:

83 (3),

91 (1),

104 (1),

120 (1),

146 (1)

1035 A'09 Location Construction - not known

The very poor Neg. A. 517 shows a skeleton, extended on (2) immediately head, its its back, with object above (4) next to its left leg and object

Contents: "Turba[? (1) (2) (3) ]"

"Black stone vase with human feet" Bruss. 2659; Neg. A. 518 "Alabaster kohl pot" (illus. Neg. A. 518 not to scale) "Bronze kohl stick" Bruss. 3014; Neg. A. 518 -

385
(4) (5) "Large "Bead" dish"

Pot-types:

104 (1),

122 (1)

1036 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) stela (not illustrated) - not - not known known

limestone Very badly worn Neg. A. 521 Mer. 1977.109.37;

1037 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not known

"Deep grave" -

(1)

"Flint" 80 (1), 81 (6), 122 (13)

Pot types:

1038 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "XII site" known

- not

(1) (2)
(3) (4) (5)

Alabaster "Alabaster

vessel kohl"

lid

Liv. E. 2602 -

"[? ] 5 pots" "2 scarabs" "Kohl stick"

Pot-types:

104 (1),

108 (1),

122 (1)

1039 A'09
Location Construction Contents: "Graves - not near Shuna"

known

386 (1) "5 pots/pits[? 99 (1), ]" 122 (3), 146 (1 - marl)

Pot types:

1040 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Ceramic vessel; fabric Liv. E. 6174 "3 large amphorae" reddish-yellow 5 YR 6/6, self-slip

not known not known -

Pot types:

179 (2),

185 (1)

1041 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Bruss. 8554 - not known early pit, square"

"Large

Ceramic vessel; marl fabric, self-slip "Top. Late beads & Isis amulet"

1042 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) VI" - not known pit"

"Square

"1 alabaster

387

1043 A'09
Location Construction Eastern Ridge (? )

"Deep pit" bottom the (two? ) limestone at of which (Plate door(s) 52 = Neg. A. 524) "2 portcullis led to (see Appendix, chambers" which were "undisturbed" 150; -p. cf. Negs. A. 526 & 527)

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

(7) (8)

Large bronze mirror - Bruss. 3017; Plate 53; Negs. A. 533 & 534 Bronze bowl - Bruss. 2742; Plate 53 = Neg. A. 533; Radwan 1983,97-98 No. 258, p1.49 Bronze ewer - Bruss. 2743; Plate 53; Negs. A. 533 & 538; Radwan 1983, 131 No. 365. pl. 66 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2502; Neg. A. 540 Alabaster vessel - B'ham. A. 59.1984; Neg. A. 540 Vessel of dark-blue faience black line decoration with Liv. E. 145; Negs. A. 533 & 535
Fragment of blue glaze bowl with black decoration Bruss. 2765 (or 1111 A'09 ? ); Neg. A. 533 & 535 Blue/green faience in darker gaming board, inscribed on the back Negs. A. 534-536; MacGregor 263; Pusch 1979, glaze - W. A. G. 48,408; 322-323, pl. 84-85 foil Three plaques Cairo of gold repousse with engraving 41335-41337; Neg. A. 529

(9)

(10) Gold scarab-ring Mer. 1977.102.3;

(11) (12)

with inlays Neg. A. 539

of light

blue faience

and carnelian

(16)

B. M. 65307; Neg. A. 539 III (not illustrated) (13) "Canopic jars" (not illustrated) (if these are the examples shown on Neg. A. 532, then they would probably be Liv. E. 7844-5) (14) Five stone vessels (not illustrated) Cairo 41356-41360 (15) "[? ] ushabtis"
"Late beads" are illustrated objects on Plate are from 1043 A'09) photograph 53 (assuming

Gold mounted scarab-ring (not illustrated) inlay with cloisonne Neg. A. 539; Brovarski Mer. 1977.108.2; No. 329 et al 1982,244-245 Gold mounted green glazed steatite inscribed for Tuthmosis scarab,

Otherwise unlocated the pieces on this

all

Pot types:

175 (1), (1)

176 (1),

177 (1),

178 (1),

179 (3),

180

(1),

181

388 1044 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Late beads" "Fragments glaze"

1045 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Wooden model sarcophagus, Bruss. 2771; Neg. A. 542 "Late beads" "Blue figure" "[? ] of blue amulet" "Large pot" with models of three birds and a jackal

not known "Vault" -

Pot types:
1046 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) -

177 (1)

- not -

known

"Vault"

"Ptah-Sokar figure" "Fragment blue pectoral" "Pendants with rosettes" "Fragment blue vase" "Late blue beads" "Fragments cartonnage" "Late pot[? ]" "VI dynasty vase in the "Blue glaze beads"

shaft"

1047 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) "Between - not known Der and Shuna"

"[? ] bowl blue" "Beads of glaze"

389 (3) "Small pot"

1048 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1049 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

Pot types: 1050 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) -

173 (1)

"XII

dynasty known

site"

- not

Liv. E. 2702 Alabaster vessel Fragment of wood - Liv. E. 7013 Fragment of wood - Liv. E. 7017 "Bits of ivory" "Blue cup" "Scarab" "Glaze beads" "2 pots" "Ushabti figure" "Blue marble kohl" "Haemetite kohl stick"

Pot-types:
1051 A'09 Location Construction

104 (2),

122 (8)

"Next -

to

1050" to " refers notebook between objects of these Alternatively, and the to shaft

Possibly two chambers, as the field " and "A ", although the division o1 each of these is not made clear. designations may refer separately chamber

Contents: (1) Ceramic vessel; fabric red 2.5 YR 5/6, slip red 10 R 5/6.

390
burnished to red 10 R 4/6 - Mer. 1977.109.105 on interior Bronze axe-head - Liv. E. 1518, Neg. A. 615 & 620 ) (bracelet? Liv. E. 7018 Large ivory ring "Portions of blue jar" "Broken alabaster dish, complete" "[? ] 2 mirrors" "2 scarabs" "[? ] small disc beads" "Kohl vase" "Small alabaster kohl" "Gold mounted scarab"

(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

(12)

"Piece

of wood with 104 (8),

inlay" 122 (24), 125 (1), 130 (2), 143 (2)

Pot-types: 1052 A'09

Location Construction Contents: All (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) from -

110 (3),

- "Bir

Tawla"

"2 chambers" -

south

chamber: Cairo 41361

Liv. E. 2543x Sandstone hone/rubber (not illustrated) Inscribed wooden ushabti "5 pots" & "pot" "Ivory fragments" "Kohl stick"

Pot-types: 1053 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

97 (2),

122 (4)

- not - not

known known

(1979,113) Merrillees as coming from of objects gives a collection for this - they this tomb, but there seems to be no solid evidence have been confused with those from 1003 A'09 which he also lists may ) as having a similar The confusion (Ibid. assemblage. may have arisen from Neg. A. 506 belong, since the fieldas to which tombs the objects 1003 A'09 nor 1053 A'09 mention the pieces for neither notebok entries from both tombs appears on The imported on this photograph. pottery Neg. A. 543. (1) (2) Ceramic vessel ('spindle-bottle'): B'ham unnumbered; Neg. A. 543; "2 XVIII pots" burnished slip Merrillees 1968,113, red 2.5 YR 4/8 XXXI, 4 pl. -

Pot types:

79 (1), 86 (1), 87 (3), 89 (3), 97 (4), 122 (16), 123 (9), 124 (11), 138 (5)

104 (26),

112

(1),

391 1054 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) fabric reddish-yellow 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4994 5 YR 6/6, slipped and - not - not known known

(2) (3) (4)

Ceramic vessel: burnished to red

"Large pot from sand top" "Fragment alabaster" "Fragment of ushabtis" 105 (2), 116 (1)

Pot types: 1055 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

"Peet

continued[?

]"

- not

known

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Ceramic vessel: with slipped fr'oric silt and burnished -i Lower half of a ceramic concubine Liv. E. 6891 figure Alabaster kohl - Liv. E. 2563 vessel lid, with traces of (one of "2 combs") Ivory Pitt Rivers. Unnumbered comb "Pottery tubes etc. with others like XII" "2 scarabs"

*er. 1977.112.197

Pot types:
1056 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) -

97 (3),

104 (1),

122 (19),

137 (1)

- not - not

known known

"Fragments of glaze" "Bronze tweezer[? ]"

1057 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

"Head of blue figure"

392 1058 A'09

Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1059 A'09 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)
(2) (3)

"Blue ball

beads"
vase" kohl"

"Fragment of painted "Piece of dark stone

1060 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) fragments with name" "West of Shuna"

- not

known

"Wooden coffin

1061 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Small beads" "Pots etc. " 117 (2)

Pot types: 1062 A'09 Location

Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) -

known - not
"Pit, square brick chamber"

"XIX dynasty ushabti front" yellow with "Late beads" "Bottom for late stela at with 6 figures "? part of a stone table"

bottom"

393
(5) Pot "Glazed types: bowl with 187 (1) spout, blue"

1063 A'09
'Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) Rivers. Unnumbered;? 'eg. A. 546 - not known about 1 metre deep with bones of burial only"

"Grave -

"2 great flints" Pitt "Piece of bronze"

1064 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (1 green long)" - not known

"Grave" -

"2 pots" "2 beads

Pot types:

117 (2)

1065 A'09
Location Construction Contents: trob[? ]" - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Top. 8 late vases, "Black pot broken"

Pot types: 1066 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) -

117 (2)

- not - not

known known

"Beads

& scarab"

1067 A'09 Location "Between Shuna & Der" -

394
Construction known

- not

Contents: (1) (2) "Few glazed beads" "Ivory stick"

(3)

"2 pots" 117 (2)

Pot types: 1068 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

- not - not

known known or located

none recorded

1069 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (not illustrated) Bruss. 2782 - not known of a child"

"Grave -

Small carnelian and bronze beads "Number[? ] of pots from top" "Carnelian pendant" "Glazed object"

1070 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Extreme - not known north"

"Glazed eye" "1 open [? ]" "2 other eyes

[? ]"

1071 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

to

1072 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

395 1073 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) - not - not known known

" "Alabaster etc. "Ivory bracelet" "Beads"

(4)

"Shells" 82 (1), 89 (1), 95 (1), 122 (1), 138 (1)

Pot-types:

1074 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) of stela with 6 figures" (not illustrated) Neg. A. 548 - not - not known known

"Fragment

1075 A'09 Location Construction Contents: "Peet" - not known or located

none recorded

1076 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) "Ball beads and eye" - Neg. A. 737 not known not known -

1077 A'09 Location Construction "Peet" - not known

Contents: -

none recorded

or located

396 1078 A'09

Location Construction Contents: (1) red crown design on base (not illustrated) "Peet" known

- not

Scarab, with Mer. 1977.109.12

1079 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) "Blue ball beads & carnelian" - not - not known known

1080 A'09 Location Construction Contents: "XIIth" known

- not

Pot types: 1081 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

94 (1),

127 (1),

145 (2)

"Near - not

Shuna (N)"

known

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(5) (6) (7)

fabric with limestone temper 5 YR 6/6 Ceramic vessel; rough silt Liv. E. 4715 10 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 6/6, slip 10 YR 8/3, painted lines YR 3/2 with single band of 2.5 YR 6/8 - Liv. E. 4048 Ceramic vessel; fabric 5 YR 7/8, slip 10 R 5/8 - Ure. E. 23.35 Ceramic spool (earplug? ) - Liv. E. 2549x
Alabaster Alabaster Alabaster vessel vessel vessel Tamworth un-numbered lid - Ash. 1975.246 and Liv. E. 2566 -

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

Alabaster vessel - Tamworth un-numbered Ivory knob (? ) - Ash. 1909.978 Wooden pontil - Liv. E. 7298 Haemetite pontil - Liv. E. 7855 Fragmentary copper ring (? ) - Liv. 828

397
(13) (14) (15) (16) (pupil Obsidian from inlaid Fragment of a blue faience Mud sealing Liv. 'ncat. "Glazed figure Isis" 78 (1), (untraced) 89 (2), objects eye ?) 'son of Horus'

(? ) - Liv. E. 260

Pot-types: For other

91 (1), from

92 (1), this

97 (6),

122 (3), 54

138 (4)

tomb see Plate

1082 A'09 Location

Construction

"XIIth -

dynasty

site"
with 4 figures each side and

"Stuccoed dedication[?

chamber ]"

Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Fragment of blue faience cup with Bruss. 2764 illustrated) "Stone thing with (I)" "2 fragments pot dolls" "Fragment Coptic pottery" lotus design decoration (not

1083 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) beads, ball" "XIIth dynasty known site"

- not

"Ribbed "1 pot"

Pot types: 1084 A'09

Location Construction Contents: -

148 (1)

- not - not

known known

(1) : 2) (3)
(4) (5)

Dark stone tripartite Squat stone vessel, Neg. A. 551

Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.50; Neg. A. 551 Bruss. 2741; Neg. A. 551; Lilyquist Bronze mirror (not illustrated) 40 n. 453 Three stone vessels, like (1) (not illustrated) Neg. A. 551 (not illustrated) stone vessel (not with lid and lug handles

Neg. A. 551 illustrated) -

(6)
(7)

Stone slab, grinding (? ) (not palette Kemp and Merrillees 1980,125

Shell (not illustrated) Neg. A. 551 -

illustrated)

Neg. A. 551;

398
1085 A'09 Location Construction Contents: to 1089 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1090 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) "12th dynasty known site"

- not

"Bronze fittings from staff" "Small beads" "Carnelian basket[? ] bead" "Ushabti figures"

Pot-types:

95 (1),

104 (8),

108 (2),

122 (3),

144 (1)

1091 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) with 4 columns of inscription" (not illustrated) Bruss. 4408 diameter - not - not known known

"Portion lintel of large Plain gold ring 20mm. in

Pot-types:

104 (1),

122 (1)

1092 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) handle "12th dynasty known site"

- not

(4) (5)
(6) (7) (8) (9)

Bronze dagger, with ivory pommel and insets of wood on the 1909,128 Neg. A. 390; Garstang & pl. XVII Ash. 1909.981; Ash. 1909.977 Alabaster vessel Alabaster vessel - Bruss. 2761

(Or 604 A'08? ) Alabaster "Small blue beads"

"Plaster face gilded" "Fragments of pan pot" "Scarab" "Small [? ] cylinder"

vessel

Bruss. 2691 -

399 (10) "Ushabti[? ]"

1093 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

to

1099 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1100 to Location

1101 A'09 "Peet" known or located

Construction Contents: -

- not

none recorded

1102 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) - not - not known known

"Carnelian beads" "Green & carnelian

scarab"

1103 A'09 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1) (2)

"Blue "Pot"

small beads ball"

1104 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) "Few small beads" "Green scarab" "Horn-shaped carnelian

"North" not known -

pendant"

400
1105 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) to to 1106 A'09 - not - not known known

fabric Ceramic vessel; burnished red 2.5 YR 5/6, slipped and light red 10 R 5/8 - B'ham. Unnumbered; MacGregor 1793 [terra-cotta "... another bowl], for with spout pouring" MacGregor 1793

1107 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 2.5 YR 6/4, "North" - not known

Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1973.1.113. Ceramic vessel; fabric light reddish-brown burnished to red 10 R 4/6; MacGregor 1768 "Small ivory vase on 3 legs" "Amethyst beads" and carnelian "Small shells" "Alabaster dish with spout, small" "Alabaster kohl [pot] and blue lid" "Small alabaster" "Large quantity of garnet beads and blue whole discs, small"

slipped

and

beads.

Fragments

and

1108 A'09 Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known

(1)

"Small

ball

beads"

1109 A'09
Location Construction - not - not known known

Contents: -

none recorded

or located

401 1110 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) Ceramic vessel; burnished to red Gypsum vessel Obsidian vessel Alabaster vessel fabric 7.5 reddish-yellow 10 R 4/6 - Liv. E. 4993 Liv. E. 2706 Liv. E. 2527 Ash. 1909.985 YR 7/6, slipped and

"Peet" not known -

(5) (6) (7)

(8)

Fragment

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2762; Neg. A. 552 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2654; Neg. A. 552 Ebony pontil - Liv. E. 7003
of slate palette Liv. E. 6514 -

1111 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) bowl - Bruss. 2765 - not - not known known

Fragment of blue faience "Long glazed beads"

1112 A'09 Location Construction Contents: See the (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) comments regarding 1019 A'09 - not - not known known

(8) (9)

Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2522 Alabaster vessel - Liv. E. 2524 Anhydrite vessel - Bruss. 2762 Bronze mirror Lilyquist 40 n. 454 "Alabaster vase in 2, pointed" "Ball beads" and carnelian "Large alabaster vase"

"Small flat blue vase" "Ball beads" 96 (1), 122 (1),

Pot types: 1113 A'09

Location Construction

143 (1)

- not - not

known known

402/a Contents: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Bronze arrow-head Liv. E. 965 Liv. E. 966. Bronze fragment Liv. E. 8155 Fragment of ivory bracelet Anhydrite vessel - Liv. E. 2713 Anhydrite to an ostrich spout attached egg - Bruss. 2770 Neg. A. 553; Garstang Alabaster vessel - Mer. 1977.109.69; "Large blue glaze ball beads" "Small carnelian beads"

1909,128

1114 A'09
Location Construction Contents: - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1115 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) Ivory point Liv. E. 7023 - not - not known known

1116 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

to

1119 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1120 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) with 2 figures each side" "West "Grave" of Shuna"

"Top of stela "Few beads"

1121 A'09 Location Construction "XII dynasty site"

not known -

402/b

Contents: (1) (2)

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Bruss. 4439; Neg. A. 554; Speleers Stela of 'Patchaimbanakht' 40 No. 150; Limme 1979,38-39 "Black figure"
"2 bronze heads of staff" "Ivory pin" "Long beads etc. " "Piece of inscribed door jamb" "Front figure" of Ptah-Sokar "Plaster face" "Stone box near top"

1923,

1122 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

to

1126 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1127 A'09 Location Construction Contents: (1) faience beads - Liv. E. 2133 - not - not known known

Two green

1128 A'09 Location Construction Contents: -

to

1129 A'09 - not - not known known or located

none recorded

1130 A'09
Location Construction Contents: (1) (2) vessel lid" Bruss. 2758 "North - not XII"

known

Anhydrite "Alabaster