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4-1-2013 Friday

4-1-2013 Friday

4-1-2013 Friday

4-1-2013 Friday

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4-1-2013 Friday
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4-1-2013 Friday

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Queen's University Belfast wG i f Management


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Queen's University Belfast(Q- UB) onf UK EdkifiH\ xdyfwef;0if wuokdvfwpfckjzpfNyD; okawoe tjrifhqkH;
wuokdvfaygif; 20 jzifh zGJUpnf;xm;onfh Russell Group wGif yg 0ifonfh urmhtxifu&wuokdvfBuD; jzpfonf/
Queen's University Management School wGif B.Sc Actuarial Science and Risk Management, B.Sc Business Management, B.Sc Business Economics, B.Sc Economics, B.Sc Finance, B.Sc International Business with a Modern Language, M.Sc Accounting and Finance, M.Sc Computational Finance and Trading, M.Sc Finance, M.Sc Human Resource
Management, M.Sc International Business, M.Sc Management, M.Sc Marketing, M.Sc Rick Management and Financial
Regulation, International MBA paombm om&yfaygif;rsm;pGmukd q&m? q&mr aygif; 60 OD;ausmfrS oifMum;ydkYcsay;

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4-1-2013 Friday

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4-1-2013 Friday

27

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4-1-2013 Friday

28

24 em&D trfbDat (60)


( M B A I n A D a y - 6 0 )

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4-1-2013 Friday

29

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Ref: MBA IN A DAY by Steven


Stralser, Ph.D

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4-1-2013 Friday

30

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