Geometric Series
n=1
updated: 10/04/2012
arn-1 = n=0 arn = a + ar + ar2 + arn-1 } sum= a/(1-r) where: a= first term, r= ratio if |r| < 1 the series converges if |r| 1 the series diverges
n=1 arn-1
Harmonic Series
n=1
P-series
n=1
1/np if p 1 then the series diverges if p > 1 then the series converges
Ratio/Root Test
Divergent Test limn an } does not exist then an is divergent limn an } 0 then an is divergent Non-Limit Comparison Test Let 0 an bn 1) If bn converges, then an converges 2) If an diverges, then bn diverges Limit Comparison Test Let an > 0, bn > 0 limn (an/ bn) = C 1) If C 0, then an and bn have the same convergence 2) If C = 0, then an and bn also converges 3) If C = , then an diverges and bn also diverges Alternating
Integral
updated: 10/04/2012
Alternating Series
n=1
(-1)n-1 bn
If bn > 0, bn decreases 0 for all of n { bn+1 bn for all of n } Then n=1 (-1)n-1 bn converges Absolute/Conditional Convergence
n=1
1) 2) 1) 2)
an converges absolutely if n=1 an converges n=1 |an| also converges an converges conditionally if n=1 an converges n=1 |an| diverges
n=1
Ratio Test Let limn |an+1| / |an| = L (L may be ) 1) If L < 1, n=1 an converges absolutely 2) If L > 1, n=1 an diverges 3) If L = 1, not the same convergence and another test must be done Root Test Let limn n|an| = L (L may be ) 1) If L < 1, n=1 an converges absolutely 2) If L > 1, n=1 an diverges 3) If L = 1, not the same convergence and another test must be done