-It is the partition between the two pleural cavities and lungs. It includes a large number of structures -It is subdivided into: -Superior mediastinum -Inferior mediustinum : anterior, middle and posterior Superior mediastinum: Esophagus Trachea Arch of Aorta Big branches of Aortic arch Brachiocephalic ( innominate) veins Upper half os superior vena cava Phrenic nerves Vagi nerves Middle mediastinum: Pericardium Heart Pulmonary trunk Ascending Aorta Lower half of SVC Upper part of IVC Bifurcation of trachea Posterior mediastinum: Esophagus Descending thoracic Aorta Azygos and hemiazygos veins vagi
Pleura:
-Completely close sac invaginated by the lung from the medial side -Parietal pleura and visceral pleura
-Subdivision of parietal pleura 1- cervical 2- Costovertebral 3- mediastinal 4- diaphragmatic
Lungs:
Apex, base, costal surface, medial surface 3 borders; anterior, inferior and posterior
Mediastinal surface
Vertebral surface
Hilum of the lung: It is the part of the mediastinal surface which gives passage to the structures forming the root of the lung Root of the lung: 1- Bronchus (Rt, Lt) 2- Pulmonary artery (superior) 3- Pulmonary veins (sup., inf.) 4- Pulmonary nerve plexus 4- Lymph nodes 5- Bronchial vessels (Aorta, Azygos)
1- size and weight 2- length and breadth 3- anterior border 4- hilum How to identify the right and left lungs?
Applied Anatomy:
-Bare area of pericardium -Pericardial puncture -Stab wound in the midaxillary line .below 10th rib . between 8-10 . above 8th rib -Pneumothorax -Hydrothorax