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com

fzF
gjh tF

gh.UFknurf M.A.,M.Sc.,B.Ed.,gljhMa(fj)
muR kf ca iy g , bfhfzhu. nry (Dt.) Cell No. 9003450850

Email:kanisivasankari@gmail.com&kanisiva2012@gmail.com

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1 . fzfS rhfS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

gkhW g
AUB=BUA

AB=BA
nr g
AU(BUC)=(AUB)UC

A(BC)=(AB)C
gL g
AU(BC)=(AUB)(AUC)

A(BUC)=(AB)U(AC)
okhf f
i)(AUB)=AB

ii)(AB)=BUA

iii)A(BUC)=(AB)(AC)

iv)A(BC)=(AB)U(AC)
fzf M v
i)n(AUB)=n(A)+n(B)n(A)
ii)n(AUBUC)=n(A)+n(B)+n(C)n(AB)n(BC)n(AC)+n(ABC)

6. rhfis FF Kiw
tir nrhof fz ,

mltid ,

mF gl ,

tiugl

7. rhf tiff
1.xWF xwhd rh
A- cs xbthU cWfS , B- cs xbthU cWfSl
bjhl gLjgL
2. nk rh
B- cs xbthU cWfSF , A- xU K cU UF
3. Uw rh
xWF xwhd rh kW nk rh UF
4. kh rh
A- cs vyh cWfS , B- cs xnu xU cWl H cU
bfhoUF
5. rk rh : A- cs xbthU cWfS mjDlndna bjhl gLjgL

2. bkbaf bjhl tirfS bjhlfS

TLbjhl tir
1. bghJ tot
a,a+d,a+2d,a+3d,.....
2. bjhlahd 3 cWf ad,a,a+d
3. cWf vif n=

+1

4. bghJ cW tn=a+(n1)d
2

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5. Kj ncWf TLj ( bghJ ahr djuglh)Sn= [2a+(n1)d]
6. Kj ncWf TLj (fil cW l juglh)
Sn= [a+l]

bgUF bjhl tir

7. bghJtot a,ar,ar2,ar3,...,arn1,arn,....
8. bghJ cW tn=arn1
9. bjhlahd 3 cWf ,a,ar

1
1

10. Kj ncWf TLj

wbjhlf
11. Kj na vf TLj
1 + 2 + 3+ . . . .

+n=

12. Kj nxiw gil a vf TLj

1 +3 + 5 + . . . . + ( 2k1)=n2
13. Kj nxiw gil a vf TLj (fil cW l juglh)
1 +3 + 5 + . . . . +

l=

14. Kj na vf tff TLj

12 + 22 + 32+ . . . . +k2=
15. Kj na vf fdf TLj
13 + 23 + 33+ . . . . +k3=

3. afj

(a + b)2

= a 2 + 2ab + b2

(a - b) 2

= a 2 - 2ab + b2

a2 - b2

= (a + b) (a-b)

a2 + b2

= (a + b) 2 - 2ab

a2 + b2

= (a - b) 2 + 2ab

a3 + b3

= (a + b) (a2 ab + b2)

a3 - b3

= (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)

10

a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 3ab (a + b)

11

a3 - b3 = (a - b)3 + 3ab (a - b)

12

a4 +b4

= (a2 +b2)2 - 2 a2 b2

13

a4 - b4

=(a +b)(a - b)(a2 + b2)

3

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14

(a + b + c)2

= a2 + b2 +c2 + 2(ab + bc +ca)

15

(x +a) (x+b)

16

(x +a)(x+b)(x+c) = x3 + (a+b+c) x2 + (ab+bc+ca) x + abc

17

Ugo rkghL ax2+bx+c=0

18

_yf TLj ( + ) = -x bfG /x2 bfG= (

19

_yf bgUf gy ( ) = kh cW /x2 bfG=

( )

20

Ugo Nu x=

21

jik fho

= x2 + (a+b) x + ab

= b2 - 4ac
> 0 bkbaf . rkiy
= 0 bkbaf . rk
< 0 bkbaf my.

4. mf
1
2.
3
4

iu m :
xU m xnu xU iu UF
u m :
xU m xnu xU u UF
rJu m :
xU m iu kW u f vif rkkhf UF
_iy l m :
xU rJum Kjik _iy l F nkny nH
cWfS af

midJ

cWf

rkkhf

ir m :
xU _iy l m
afyhj khahf UF

6.

cs

Kjik

_iy

myF m :
xU _iy l m Kjik _iy l cWf 1 Mf UF
a m :
xU m cs xbthU cW 0Mf UF

8
9
10

iu u khW m:
xUm iufis ufshf,ufis iufshf khw ilF
v m :
xU m xbthU cWYs + , - Mf - , + Mf UF
rk m:
U mf xnu tir bfhljhf mt xj cWf rkkhf
UF

11

U mf tirf rkkhf U mj mfis Tlnth ffnth

Ko

12

m A - tir mxn kW m B- tir nxp

v m AB - tir mxp
4

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13

14

15

mf Tl
gkhW g cilaJ
A+B=B+A
nr g cilaJ
A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C
Tl rk
A+O=O+A=A
nekhW m
A+(A)=(A)+A=O
mf bgUf
gkhW g cilajy
AB=BA
nr g cilaJ
A(BC)=(AB)C

gL g cilaJ A(B+C)=AB+AC
(A+B)C=AC+BC
Tl rk
AI=IA=A
nekhW m
AB=BA=I

(AT)T=A

;(A+B)T=AT+BT;(AB)T=BTAT

5. Mabjhiy toa
1

U fSF ilnas bjhiy

A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)vw Ufis izF nfhLJil cwkhf l:m vw

j F P

A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2)vw Ufis izF nfhLJil btwkhf l:m

vw j F P

eL M =

eLnfhL ika G =

Knfhz gu A =

orA=

A=

ehfu gu

_W f xnu nfho mika gjid

(or) AB - rh = AC - rh , (m) BC - rh
8

xU nfhL ifgF xmRl nfhz clhdh

m nfho rh m=tan

Ufis izF ne nfho rh

10

ax+by +c=0vw ne nfho rh

11

ax+by +c=0vw ne nfho ybtLJL y = -

12

U nfhLf rk v

13

U nfhLf brFJ v m1m2= - 1

m1=m2

m=
m =

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nenfho rkghLf
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

xm rkghL
y=0
ym rkghL
x=0
xmF id v rkghL y=k
ymF id v rkghL x=k
ax+by+c=0F id v rkghL
ax+by+k=0
ax+by+c=0F v brFJ rkghL bxay+k=0
M t brY nenfho rkghL

y=mx
rh m,ybtLJL c v rkghL
y=mx+c
rhm,xU tbrY nfho rkghL yy1=m(xx1)

23

U tbrY nfhorkghL

24

xbtLJL a , ybtLJL bnfho rkghL

6
1

toa

mogil jrk njw (m) nj njw

xU ne nfhL xU Knfhz xUgfF idahf kw U
gffis btLkhW tiuaglh m nfhL mU gffis rk
j F

mogil jrk njw kWjiy (m) nj njw kWjiy

xU ne nfhL xU Knfhz U gffis xnuj
mnfhL _whtJ gfF izahf UF

Fkhdh

nfhz Urkbto njw

xU Knfhz xU nfhz cw UrkbtoahdJ
mnfhz v gfij cwkhf mnfhzid mla gff
j F

nfhz Urkbto njw kWjiy

xU Knfhz xU c t brY xU nenfhL ,mj
vgfid cwkhf kw U gff j Fkhdh , mnfhL
c mikj nfhzid cwkhf U rkghffshf F

tobthj Knfhzf
xj nfhzf rk (m) xj gff j rkkhf UF
1. tobthj KnfhzfSfhd AA - Kiw
xU Knfhz uL nfhzf Kiwna kbwhU Knfhz
uL nfhzfSF rkkhdh mU Knfhzf tobthjit
2. tobthj KnfhzfSfhd SSS - Kiw
U Knfhzf xj gff jf rkkhdh mt xj
nfhzf rk vdnt U Knfhzf tobthjit

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3. tobthj KnfhzfSfhd SAS - Kiw
xU Knfhz xU nfhz kbwhU Knfhz xU nfhzF
rkkhf , mU Knfhzf mnfhzfis csla xj gff
j rkY Ujh mU Knfhzf tobthjit
6

jhfu njw
xU brnfhz Knfhz fz tf kw
tff TLjYF rk

gff

jhfu njw kWjiy

xU Knfhz , xU gf tf , kw U gff
tff TLjYF rk v Kj gfF
vnu
cs
nfhz
brnfhz

bjhLnfhL - eh njw
tl bjhLnfho bjhL tna xU eh tiuaglh , mj
eh bjhL nfhLl VgLJ nfhzf Kiwna xbthW jjahf
khW tl JLf mikj nfhzfSF rk

10

bjhLnfhL - eh njw kWjiy

xU tl xU eh xU Kid tna tiuagl
nenfhL
mehQl clhF nfhzkhdJ
kW tlJoYs nfhzF
rkkhdh, m nenfhL tlF xU bjhLnfhlhF
xU tl U ehf xiwbahW cwkhf ( btwkhf)
btobfhlh xU eh btL JLfsh mikfgL brtf
gugs kbwhW eh btL JLfsh mikfgL brtf
gugsF rk
PAXPB=PCXPD

tlf kW bjhLnfhLf
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

tl VnjD xU tiuagl bjhLnfhL bjhL t brY

MuF brFjhF
tl xU xnu xU bjhLnfhL kLnk tiua Ko
tlF btna cs xU UJ mtlF UbjhL nfhLf
tiua Ko
tlF btYs tiuagl U bjhLnfhLf sf rk
U tlf xiwbahW bjhLkhdh bjhL ahdJ tlf
ikafis izF nenfho mik
U tlf btwkhf bjhLkhdh tl ikafSF
ilna
cs ukhdJ mt Muf TLjYF rkkhF
U tlf cwkhf bjhLkhdh tl ikafSF ilna cs
ukhdJ mt Muf ahrF rkkhF

7 Knfhza
01
02
03

sin cosec = 1
cos sec = 1
tan cot = 1

; sin = 1/ cosec
; cos = 1/ sec
; tan = 1/ cot

;
;
;

cosec = 1/ sin
sec = 1/ cos
cot =1/ tan

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04
05
06
07
08
09

sin2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan2 = 1
cosec2 cot2 = 1
sin (90 )= cos
cos (90 )= sin
tan (90 )= cot

; sin2 = 1- cos2
;
; sec2 = 1+ tan2 ;
; cosec2 =1+ cot2 ;
cosec (90 )= sec
sec (90 )= cosec
cot (90 )= tan

10

Tl fj j rk

angle

30

45

60

90

Sin

1
2

3
2

Cos

3
2

1
2

Tan

2
1

1
3

8
t.v

bga

cos2 = 1 -sin2
tan2 = sec2 -1
cot2 = cosec2 1

msa

tis gu
(r.m)

bkhj wgu
(r.m)

2rh

2r(h+r)

2(R+r) h

2(R+r)(R-r+h)

ne tl k cUis

netl clw
cUis

ne tl k T

rl

r(l + r)

ilfl

knfhs

4r2

clw nfhs

k miunfhs

clw miunfhs

2r2
2(R2 + r2)

3r2
(3R2 + r2)

fdms
(f.m)
r2h
(R2 - r2) h
r2h
(R2 + r2 + Rr) h
r3
(R3 - r3)
r3
(R3 - r3)

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;h=

10

tisgu = tl nfhzgF gu

11

r2
rl =
s = T moRws
L = 2r
FHh tna gh j fdms = { FWF btL gu x ntf x neu}

12

13

l=

;r=

cU jahfgL a
fd cUtfvif =

14

cUfgl fd cUt fd ms
-----------------------------cUthfgl fd cUt fd ms

13
= 1000l
1 bl 3 = 1 l

1000l = 1 .
1000br. 3 = 1 l

11a

R=

RbfG

Q=

lyf bjhFfglhjit

1. neuo Kiw

2. TL ruhr Kiw

3. Cf ruhr Kiw

4. go yf Kiw

lyf bjhFfglit
1. TL ruhr Kiw

2. Cf ruhr Kiw

3. go yf Kiw

F d=xA

xC

F d

F d=x

F d=x

F d=xA

xCF d

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5

yf tf ruhr = l yf tf (

Kj na vf l yf

khWghL bfG

C.V =

)2

100

12 fjf
1
2
3

xU ehzaij xU Kiw RLj S={H,T}

xU ehzaij U Kiw RLj S={HH,HT,TH,TT}
xU gfilia xU Kiw cULj S={1,2,3,4,5,6}

xU ffhd fjf

6
7

cWahd f fjf 1 MF P(S)=1

elf ayh f fjf 0 MF
P( )=0

Avw f eil bgwhk Ugjfhd fjf

P(A)+

=1

10
11

A- B- xiwbahW yfh ff v

12

A- B- xiwbahW yF ff vP(AB)=
vdnt P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)

P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)

gh.UFknurf M.A.,M.Sc.,B.Ed., gljhMa(fj)

muR kf ca iy g , bfhfzhu. nry (Dt.) Cell No. 9003450850

Email:kanisivasankari@gmail.comandkanisiva2012@gmail.com

10