Neurophysiology diseases

Hayati,dr.M.Kes Lab faal fak.kedokteran Univ.wijaya kusuma Surabaya

PARKINSON DISEASE
HIPOKINETIK DAN HIPERKINETIK OK : - /- SEKRESI DOPAMIN OK DEGENERASI LUAS NEURON DOPAMINERGIK SIST. NIGROSTRIATAL - REC DOPAMIN (D1 DAN D2) PD PUTAMEN EKSITASI BERLEBIHAN OLEH SARAF YG SEKRESI ACHKEL.MOTORIK KHAS IDIOPATIK, DEGENERATIF PD USIA LANJUT DIPERCEPAT OLEH :- TRAUMA - PERDARAHAN PD BASAL GANGLIA - OBAT YG LAMA (INTOKSIKASI MPTP (1 METHYL-4PHENYL-1,2,5,6TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE SUATU SINTETIK NARKOTIK) DULU PARALYS AGITANSPARALISE -

GEJALA UTAMA : RIGIDITAS (LEAD PIPE RIGIDITY, PLASTIC TYPE, COGWHEEL RIGIDITY), KEKAKUAN OTOT PADA DAERAH LUAS ATAU TERTENTU TREMOR INVOLUNTER (PILL-ROLLING TREMOR) SAAT ISTIRAHAT BRADIKINESIA S/D AKINESIA ATAU KETDK MAMPUAN MEMULAI SIATU GERAKAN GG.GERAKAN ASOSIASI YI KONTRAKSI OTOT YG MENGIRINGI GRKAN UTAMA (LOSS OF FCIAL EXPRESSION-MASK FACE) MICROGRAPHIA (DIMINUTIVE WRITING)SMALL,CRAMPED HAND WRITING, MONOTONOUS SPEECH RIGIDITY :STIFNESS, INCREASE MUSCLE TONE POSTURAL INSTABILITY: KEGAGALAN POSTURAL REFLEXESIMPAIR BALANCE AND FALL

GG. BICARA DAN MENELAN

HIPOPHONIA :SOFT SPEECH (SOFT, HOARSE, MONOTONOUS) SPEECH/LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE VERBAL FLUENCY AND COGNITIVE DISTURBANCE DYSPHAGIA IMPAIR ABILITY TO SWALLOWASPIRATION

GEJALA LAIN
FATIGUE (UP TO 50% OF CASES) MASKED FACES (HYPOMIMIA) DIFFICULTY ROLLING IN BED OR RAISING FROM A SEATED POSITIONIA IMPAIRED FINE MOTOR DEXTERITY AND MOTOR COORDINATION ACCESSORY MOVEMENTS LOSS MOOD DISTURBANCE ( DEPRESSION, APATHY, ANXIETY) COGNITIVE DISTURBANCE (DEMENTIA, HALLUCINATION, PARANOIA,SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS) INSOMNIA LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL (MICROSMIA OR ANOSMIA) PAIN AUTONOMIC DISTURBANCE (URINARY INCONTINENCE, NOCTURIA, CONSTIPATION AND GASTRIC DYSMOLITY,ALTERED SEXUAL FUNCTION)

HUNTINGTONS CHOREA
KELAINAN DEGENERASI NEURON NNEUROTRANSMITER GABA DI NUCLEUS CAUDATUS DAN PUTAMEN SERTA ACH PADA BBRP AREA DI OTAK GX: - DEMENTIA - INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT ABNORMALITAS GENETIK (KROMOSOM 4) PROGNOSA KRG BAIK

SINDROMA KORSAKOFF
INGATAN BERAT (SEVERE ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA) KERUSAKAN JARINGAN OTAK CHRONIC ALKOHOLISM CHRONIC DEFICIENCY ANEURIN (B1)

ALZHEIMER DISEASE
SENILE DIMENTIA KEL KROMOSOM YG BERTG JWB THD CHOLINERGIC NEURON CHOLINE ACETYL TRANSFERASE (ENZIM PEMBENTUK ACH) GEJALA :
SHORT TERM MEMORYHILANG KECERDASAN DEMENTIA BERPIKIR LAMBAT GG BICARA DAN BAHASA MRI : ATROFI HIPOCAMPUS DAN CORTEX ENTORHINAL, CHOLINERGIC NEURON DI CORTEX BERKURANG

RETROGRADE AMNESIA (RA)

HLG INGATAN THD KEJADIAN YG BARU TERJADI DISERTAI HILANG KESADARAN SESAAT AKIBAT TRAUMA KEPALA YG TDK TERLALU BERAT (COMMOTIO CEREBRI) MIS : KECELAKAAN, PETINJU YG KO