Le Chatelier’s Principle

When a system in a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, the

position of equilibrium will shift so as to cancel out the effect of
the change so that equlibrium is reastablished.
Main factors affecting equlibrium
system:
 Concentration
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Catalyst
i) Concentration

 [reactant]increased, equilibrium shift

towards the right hand side so that part
of the reactant is converted into
products.
i) Concentration

 [product] is increased, the equlibrium will

shift to the left hand side so that part of
the added product is converted into
reactant.
i) Concentration

 BiCl3(aq) + H2O(l) BiOCl(s) + 2HCl(aq)

 When a little concentrated HCl is added to

the cloudy solution, the equilibrium shifts to
the left.
 BiOCl solid will dissolve and a clear solution
is obtained.
i) Concentration

 When water is added to the clear solution

(obtained from above), the equilibrium shifts to
the right.
 BiOCl is repricipitated. The solution turns
cloudy again.