16 Tenses In English 6. They are playing football in the field now. 7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow. 8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarang Example : 1. I am not studying now 2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ? Examples : 1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not 2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt 3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now? QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang? Examples : 1. what are you doing now ? studying 2. Where is he studying English now ? at school EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English. 1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang 2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu 3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi 4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang 5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu. 6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang. 7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang 8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang 9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang. 10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang. Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English
EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. They are speaking English now. We are not reading now. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isnt. What is your father looking at now ? a picture. He is watching Plan to kill on TV now. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?
EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now. 2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now. 3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now. 4. My father is teaching Biology at school now. EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Are you studying English now ? Is your father reading a newspaper now? Is your mother sewing a shirt now? Are They singing a song at home now? Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now? What is your mother doing now? What is your brother doing now?
EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working
16 Tenses In English
16 Tenses In English 3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didnt 2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?
Qw + yang + S + 1.? Examples: 1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile 2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday
QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did
QW + 2..? Examples : 1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did 2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did
EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin 2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ? 3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ? 5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu. 6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. 7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya. 8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu 9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya. 10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya. EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present Continous Tense. 1.
16 Tenses In English
16 Tenses In English
4. PRESENT TENSE
Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. e.g. + The earth goes round the sun - The earth doesnt go round the sun ? Does the earth go round the sun ?
+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning - I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning ? Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning? The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesnt often drink tea.
16 Tenses In English
e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday
16 Tenses In English
16 Tenses In English
The pattern: S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2 S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. 2. 3. 4. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu 2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan 3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa 4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri 5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu 2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit. 3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu 5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya
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16 Tenses In English
Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. 2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang 3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini : 1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by 2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by 3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3. 5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3 6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3 7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3 9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3 11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3 12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3 Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English 13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3 14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3 15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3 Penjelasan : 1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4) 2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya 3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11. b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12. c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15. d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16. 4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.
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16 Tenses In English
= S tak akan di
Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by her)
= S belum akan di
Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank) Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini. 5. Simple Present Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge) Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim. 6. Present Continuous Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by) Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang 7. Present Perfect Tense S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..) Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawankawan saya.
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16 Tenses In English
8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by.. Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu. 9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadnt been + V3by.. Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.) Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi. 11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor. 12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.
No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang pertama. Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.
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16 Tenses In English Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diucapkan.
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ? = Few years from now. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + V3 ?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense Will + S + have been + V3?
= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + .. ? = Your job. 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + being + V3 ?
= Yes/No,.
Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in government. 5. Simple Present Tense (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ?
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? Communicative English Course
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= Yes/No,...
Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Where + . ? = At the airport. 7. Present Perfect Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ? How many tickets + .. ? = 5 tickets 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3. ? How long + . ? = For 3 days. 9. Past Perfect Tense Had + S + been + V3. ? = Yes/No, Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ? = The robbers. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Had + S + been + being + V3. ? = Yes/No,... Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?
= Yes/No,
= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? How long + . ? = More than 3 year.
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= Yes/No,
Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? What + . ? = Tomys problem. 12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3 ? = Yes/No,
Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ? By whom + ? = By the mayor. 13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri) : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang
14. Past Future Continuous Tense 15. Past Future Perfect Tense
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16 Tenses In English
Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A. S + to have + someone + V1 + etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today 2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow 3. He is having a mechanic etc now B. S + to have + something + Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday 2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) had had having)
C.
Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow 2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today Communicative English Course
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Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias) 2. I wont get my hair cut short. 3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, Ones (kepunyaan) = my, your, her, our, their Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)
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16 Tenses In English
THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + S + had + S.O + V1 + S + have + had + S.O + V1 + has 6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + 8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + 9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + 12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + 13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + 15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + 16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + RENUNGKAN:
1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek. Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them. Ones = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb
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16 Tenses In English S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya. (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind). 3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan. 4. V1 have V2 had V3 had V4 having
PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:
A.
Eg : 2.
Do +S + have + Us + V1 .? Does
Eg : 3.
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + ?
Eg : When .. 4.
Who + has + someone +V1 + ?
Eg : Who has 5.
Have + someone + V1 + !
= suruhlah !
Eg : B.
S +1. wont have + ones house + V3 + etc
16 Tenses In English
3.
Siapa yang akan berpoto ? = Who will have ones picture taken ? Ones picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.
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16 Tenses In English
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16 Tenses In English
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 to invite to reject to refuse to inprove to avoid to deny to arrange to plan to make to build to burry to scold to rebuke to bribe to attack to defend to enforce to learn to study to copy to compose to review to interview to repair to know to understand to take to eat to drink to substitute to succeed to devide to nominate invited rejected refused improved avoided denied arranged planned made buit burried scolded rebuked bribed attacked defended enforced learnt studied copied composed reviewed intervived repaired knew understood took ate drank ~d ~ed ~d ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed denied ~ed ~ned made built burried ~ed ~d ~d ~ed ~ed ~d learnt studied copied ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed known understood taken eaten drunk ~d ~d ~d ~d inviting ~ing refusing improving ~ing ~ing arranging ~ing making ~ing ~ing ~ing rebuking bribing ~ing ~ing enforcing ~ing ~ing ~ing composing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing taking ~ing ~ing subtituting ~ing dividing nominating mengundang, mengajak menolak menolak (tawaran, ajakan) memperbaiki, meningkatkan menghindari (kan) menyangkal, mambantah menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan merencanakan membuat, menyebabkan membangun, mendirikan menguburkan memarahi memarahi menyuap, menyogok menyerang mempertahankan memaksa, memberlakukan belajar mempelajari menyalin menyusun, mengarang mengulang kembali mewawancarai mereparasi mengetahui, tahu, kenal mengerti mengambil, mengantarkan makan minum mengganti berhasil, menggantikan membagi mencalonkan memasak
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16 Tenses In English
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 to cook to receive to believe to agree to disagree to propose to oppose to predict to let to put to cut to continue to draw to think to express to prove to remember to remind to warn to memorize to forget to admire to praise to insult to submit to report to open to shut to close to mark to weigh to measure to evaluate to taste ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d drew thought ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d forgot ~d ~d ~ed ~ted ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d drawn thought ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d forgotten ~d ~d ~ed ~ted ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~ing receiving believing ~ing ~ing proposing opposing ~ing ~ting ~ting ~ting ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing proving ~ing ~ing ~ing memorizing ~ting admiring praising ~ing ~ting ~ing ~ing ~ting closing ~ing ~ing measuring evaluating tasting menerima percaya setuju tidak setuju mengusulkan menentang, melawan meramalkan membiarkan, mengijinkan meletakkan memotong meneruskan, melanjutkan menggambar, menarik berpikir, berpendapat menyatakan, mengutarakan membuktikan ingat mengingatkan memperingatkan mengingat-ingat, menghafal melupakan mengagumi, memuji memuji menghina menyerahkan melaporkan membuka menutup menutup manandai, memberi tanda menimbang mengukur mengevaluasi mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah) memegang, mengadakan
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16 Tenses In English
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 to hold to touch to teach to return to reply to pay to calculate to throw to hit to beat to bite to hide to serve to explain to interpret to predict to activate to motivate held ~ed taught ~ed replied ~ed ~d threw ~ed ~ed bit hid ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~d held ~ed taught ~ed replied ~ed ~d thrown ~ed ~ed beaten hid ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing calculating ~ing ~ting ~ing ~ing hiding serving ~ing ~ing ~ing activating motivating menyentuh, meraba mengajar mengembalikan menjawab membayar menghitung melempar memukul memukul menggigit bersembunyi melayani, menghidangkan menerangkan menafsirkan meramalkan mengaktifkan, menggiatkan memotivasi, menggerakan
Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive) Contoh : to work ~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst. to pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)
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