13-2 Forgings

Forging consists of plastically deforming, either by a squeezing pressure or sharp blows, a cast or sintered ingot, a wrought bar or billet, or a powder-metal shape, to produce a desired shape with good mechanical properties. Practically all ductile materials can be forged

Closed-Die Forging
Made by hammering or pressing metal until it conforms closely to the shape of the enclosing dies closed-die forging is the term applied to all forging operations involving 3-D control Impression die
Workpiece placed on bottom half die Top-half die closed and workpiece undergoes elastic compression until its enlarged sides touch the side walls of the die impression Excess material-flash

3 main classes
Single-impression Double-impression interlocking

MANUFACTURING MATERIAL

FORGING DIES

General design rules

Corner & fillet radii- should be sufficient to facilitate the flow of metal
Cold shuts: a lap where 2 surfaces have folded against eachother forming a weak spot that may open into a crack Cold shuts occur where there are sharp fillets or deep sections

Draft angle- the slope given to the side walls of the die in order to facilitate removal of the forging (usually 7exterior contours and 10 interior contours) Parting Line- line of meeting of the dies

Drafting Practices particular to forging

Draft angles and parting lines Corner and fillet radii Forging tolerances Heat treatment Locations of trademark, part number, and vendor specs

Dimensioning
Depth of the die impression Only one dimension from the parting line. This surface is then used to establish other dimensions (figure 13-30) Allowances for machining Composite drawings- generally the forged part is shown on one drawing with the forging outline shown in phantom lines

MANUFACTURING MATERIAL

FORGING DRAWING

MANUFACTURING MATERIAL

MACHINING DRAWING