Mng thng tin di

ng s cellular


MN HC K THUT
VIN THNG
Xun Din
in t 8 Kho 48
H Ni 3/2007
Lch s v ng dng
1920s dng cho nghip v cnh st bng
tn 2 MHz
Sau CTTG II xut hin TTD dn dng
1946 AT&T cung cp dch v TTD thc s.
1960s knh TTD c di thng 30KHz v
iu ch FM ti 450MHz .Nng hiu sut ln 4
ln.
1971 h thng cellular ra i, FM, tn 850
MHz.

Lch s v ng dng
u im:
S dng li tn s v cng sut pht ca trm BTS nh.
S dng k thut iu ch tin tin, hiu qu s dng tn s cao.
Gim t l tin tc bo hiu, dnh t l ln cho tin tc ngi s dng.
p dng m ho knh v m ho ngun ca truyn dn s.
H thng chng nhiu knh chung v nhiu knh k hiu qu hn.
iu khin ng vic cp php knh lin lc lm cho tng hiu qu
s dng tn s
Iu khin truy nhp v chuyn giao hon ho. Dung lng tng,
din tch cell nh i, chuyn giao nhiu knh hn.
c im ca mng TTD s
cellular
1 Nguyn l cellular
2 Truyn sng v qun l v tuyn
3 Cu trc mng TTD s cellular
.4 Tnh ton truyn sng TTD s cellular
5. Mt s thng s v mng cellular gms
1 Nguyn l cellular
1 Nguyn l cellular

1.1 Nguyn l cellular
(Khi mt MS chuyn dng ra ngoi vng ca no, no phi
c chuyn giao lm vic vi BTS ca mt cell lin k
m n hin ang trong vng ph sng.)
1 Nguyn l cellular
Nguyn l c bn khi thit k h thng t ong
l cc mu s dng li tn s. S dng li tn
s l s dng cc knh v tuyn cng mt
tn s mang ph sng cho cc vng a l
khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi cch nhau mt
c ly ln mi nhiu giao thoa ng
knh ( c th xy ra) chp nhn c.
Nu ton b s knh quy nh N c chia
lm F nhm th mi nhm s cha N/F knh.
1 Nguyn l cellular
ngha ca vic chia nh cell.
Khi s thu bao tng ln, s knh tn c sn khng cn
p ng lu lng tng ln na th phi chia nh cell.
Nu quy hoch li tn s sao cho m bo mi cell nh
sau khi chia tch c cng dung lng nh cell trc khi
tch.
Chia tch cell th no.
Thit k quy hoch li. Chuyn mi cell mi vo thi gian
it ngi lin lc di dng.
C th nht thi tch cell p ng s tng dung
lng nht thi. Vic ny thc hin nh my tnh.
i vi mng CDMA: Tt c cc sng mang
s dng mt tn s sng mang duy nht. Tn
s sng mang ny c s dng mi ,
mi sector trn mng. V vy dung lng
mng CDMA ln hn rt nhiu so vi dung
lng ca AMPS v cc cng ngh khc v s
ngi s dng trong mt sector ca h thng
CDMA tng ng vi s ngi s dng
trn ton b mt knh CDMA 1.25 Mhz
1 Nguyn l cellular
Mng phi theo di MS lin tc xc nh
MS ang trong cell no.
MS phi thng bo cho PLMN mi khi MS chuyn
sang cell mi.(S cp nht MS nh vy l mc
cell. Khi c cuc gi n MS th BTS pht sng
thng bo qung b trong phm vi 1 cell)
Thng bo tm gi c pht trong tt c cc cell
ca PLMN.(Do khng cn s bo co c mt
ca MS ti cell no)
Ngi ta dung ho 2 phng n trn, s dng
vng nh v
1 Nguyn l cellular
(Mi phn cp qun l lnh th gm
mt s nhm cell lin thng nh hn
ton b lnh th m PLMN qun l. Do
MS chuyn ng t cell ny sang
mt cell khc th n khng cn phi
thng bo g cho PLMN, nu n chuyn
sang vng nh v mi th n phi thng
bo cho PLMN v vng nh v mi m
n ang .)

1 Nguyn l cellular
C 5 phng php truy nhp vo knh
vt l
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
PDMA(a truy nhp phn chi theo cc tnh)
SDMA(a truy nhp phn chia theo khng
gian)
2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
TTD cellular i mi hin nay s dng tn
s t 800 Mhz tr ln.
Suy hao trn thng tin di ng t l vi d
4
.
Thc t cc trm pht BTS v BT u thc
hin iu chnh t ng cng sut pht
my thu lun nhn c cng sut cn thit.
Xy ra hin tng fading nn cn phi d tr
fading.
Trong TTD hiu ng Doppler th hin thnh
tri ph Doppler
2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
Hin tng Doppler
Khi vn tc my mobile di chuyn v tng, bin
tn hiu thu c tr nn rt r rt v hiu ng kp
doppler ln cc thnh phn tn hiu a lung thu
c cng c nh hng ln tn hiu nhn, trong
kp Doppler tnh theo
Fd=v/ cos() : trong l gc ti ca hng n

2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
Cc loi fading
Fading nhanh ( fading thi gian ngn)
y l loi fading rt nhanh ( Khong cch nh- nh l
bc sng) xy ra khi anten mobile nhn tn hiu
gm nhiu tia phn x. Tn hiu tng hp gm nhiu
sng c bin v pha khc nhau nn n c tn hiu
thay i bt k, nhiu khi chng cn trit tiu ln nhau.
Fading nhanh gy ra hin tng ting n.
C bin phn b theo phn b Rayleigh nn cn
c gi l fading Rayleigh.
2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
Cc loi fading
Fading chm
Loi fading ny do hiu ng che khut bi cc vt che
chn ca a hnh xung quanh gy nn. N c phn
b chn xung quanh mt gi tr trung bnh nu ta ly
logarit cng tn hiu. Do vy ngi ta gi l
fading loga chun.
nh hng ca fading ny l lm gim kh nng ph
sng ca my pht.
chng fading ny ngi ta s dng khong d tr
my pht. Khong d tr ny ph thuc vo lch
tiu chun thng c gi thit l 4-8 dB.
2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
Cc loi fading
Fading Rician
Khi thnh phn trc tip ca tn hiu mnh hn cng
vi nhng tn hiu khng trc tip yu hn cng ti
my thu th ti y fading nhanh vn cn xy ra
nhng tn hiu s khng sc nt. ng bao fading
c dng phn b Rician. Dng fading ny xy ra phn
ln mi trng vng nng thn, microcellular hay
picrocellular.
2 Truyn sng v qun l v
tuyn
Suy hao do truyn sng l
C=R
- 2<<5 ;
l hng s;
Fading :
Xy ra hin tng fading nhanh vi mc thng
ging tn hiu trong phm vi 40 dB

S m rng thi gian tr.
Suy hao do tm nhn thng v khng
thng

3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
HLR
MSC
EIR
AUC
MS
OSS
VLR
BTS
BSC
PSPDN
ISDN
CSPDN
PSTN
PLMN
H thng
chuyn
mch
BSS
ISDN : Intergated Service Digital network
PSPDN: Packet switching public Data Network
CSPDN: Circuit Swtched Public Data Network
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
Trm MS: gm thit b mobile ME v SIM
GSM, MS c chia thnh 5 loi theo cng sut nh danh nh nh sau:
Loi 1 20W Lp trn xe v xch tay
Loi 2 8W Lp trn xe v xch tay
Loi 3 5 W Cm tay
Loi 4 2 W Cm tay
Loi 5 0.8 W Cm tay
H thng trm c s BSS gm BTS v BTC.
Phn h vn hnh v h tr (OSS): OSS to ra cc chc nng cho vn
hnh v qun l mng. Trung tm vn hnh v bo tr mng thc hin
mi chc nng quan trng cn thit iu khin v qun l mng
i vi s qun l ca mng GSM, OSS hot ng theo cc hnh thc sau:
S qun l thu bao di ng
S qun l mng Cellular
iu khin chung
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
HLR( Home Location Register) cha thng tin
v thu bao nh cc dch v m thu bao
chn la v cc thng s nhn thc.
VLR( Visitor Location Register) cp nht b
ghi nh v tm tr cng chuyn ti HLR.
EIR ( Equipment Indentity Register) Cha s
liu phn cng ca thit b. c ni vi MSC
qua mt ng bo hiu.
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
Phn cp cu trc ca mng di ng cellular
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
BSS
MSC
HLR
BTS
Hi! How
are you!
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular
Khi cha c cuc gi MS phi lng nghe
thng bo tm cuc gi.
Mt cuc gi lin quan n MS, yu cu h
thng cho php MS truy nhp n h thng
nhn c mt knh. Th tc truy nhp
c thc hin trn mt knh c bit theo
hng t MS n trm gc. Knh c cp
pht l knh dnh ring.
3 Cu trc mng thng tin di
ng s cellular

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
Cn tr li 3 cu hi khi thit k.
Trong gi cao im h thng c th phc
v bao nhiu ngi?
H thng c th chp nhn bao nhiu
thu bao?
H thng cn bao nhiu knh tn s?
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
Cc vn lin quan tnh ton
1. Knh s dng li tn s.
2. Gim can nhiu knh chung
3. m bo t s C/I
4. C ch chuyn giao
5. Tch cell ang c thnh cc cell nh
hn.
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
S cuc gi c i.
Lu lng mun truyn
A=Q
i
T/60 erlang
Knh s dng li tn s.
T s D/R
K= i
2
+ij+j
2

N l s cc i knh tn s
ca mi cell.
Q s cuc gi cc i trong
1h/1cell
T thi gian trung bnh 1
cuc gi
Vi xc sut nghn cho
tra bng erlang B ta tnh
c N

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
q= D/R s quyt nh can nhiu knh
chung, khi q tng th can nhiu s gim
Ki l s cell dng chung tn s vi cell xt.

,
i
C
D f K
I
| |
=
|
\ .
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
1
1
1
k
k
k
C
I
q

=
=

k
k
D
q
R
=
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
C ly dng li tn s
C ly dng li tn s D ph thuc vo nhiu
yu t
S cell dng li tn s xung quanh cell o
c im a l ca vng
Chiu cao anten
Cng sut pht
K=4 D=3.46 R
K=7 D=4.6 R
K=12 D=6 R
K=19 D=7.55 R
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
C ly D dng li tn s ph thuc
S cell dng li tn s xung quanh cell trung
tm ang xt
c im a l ca vng ph sng
Chiu cao Anten
Cng sut pht
D=(3K)
1/2
.R
Gim yu t can nhiu.
4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
C ch chuyn giao.
Khi cuc gi ang c thit lp m MS
dch chuyn ngy cng xa trm pht. Cn
phi chuyn giao sang cell bn.

4 Tnh ton truyn thng tin di
ng cellular.
Thit b ca h thng cellular
Anten: Mu anten, gc nghing anten, tng ch anten u
nh hng n c im ca h thng cellular. Tnh
phng hng ca anten phi kt hp c tnh a l
Thit b chuyn mch: Dung lng ca thit b CM trong
h thng TTD cellular ph thuc nhiu hn c vo dung
lng b x l iu khin chuyn mch. TBCM c cu trc
modul c th d dng m rng.
ng truyn s liu: ng truyn s liu phc v
bo hiu trong mng. ng truyn s liu c t chc
trong mng theo cc chun mng s liu nh: SS7, X25,
ISDN

Outgoing Call
1. MS sends dialled number to BSS
2. BSS sends dialled number to MSC
3,4 MSC checks VLR if MS is allowed the
requested service.If so,MSC asks BSS
to allocate resources for call.
5 MSC routes the call to GMSC
6 GMSC routes the call to local
exchange of called user
7, 8,
9,10 Answer back(ring back) tone is
routed from called user to MS via
GMSC,MSC,BSS


Incoming Call 1. Calling a GSM subscribers
2. Forwarding call to GSMC
3. Signal Setup to HLR
4. 5. Request MSRN from
VLR
6. Forward responsible MSC
to GMSC
7. Forward Call to current
MSC
8. 9. Get current status of MS
10.11. Paging of MS
12.13. MS answers
14.15. Security checks
16.17. Set up connection

Handovers
Between 1 and 2
Inter BTS / Intra BSC
Between 1 and 3
Inter BSC/ Intra MSC
Between 1 and 4
Inter MSC

5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
GMS nguyn thy
Hai bng tn rng 25 Mhz di tn 900 Mhz
MS pht ln 890-915 MHz
BTS pht xung 935-960 MHz
25Mhz/125 knh =200kHz/ knh c nh s t
0-124
F ul =890 + 0.2*n ( Mhz)
F dl = Fup(n) +45 (Mhz)
5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
E-GMS
M rng thm mi bng tn 10 Mhz( 50
knh tn s)
F ul =890 + 0.2*n ( Mhz) vi 0<=n<=124
F ul =890 + 0.2*(n-1024) ( Mhz) vi
975<=n<=1024
F dl = Fup(n) +45 (Mhz)

5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
PCN-1800 ( Personal communication
network)
F ul(n) =1710+ 0.2*(n-511) ( Mhz) vi
1710<=n<=1785
F dl = Fup(n) +95 (Mhz)
C 374 knh c nh s t 512-885

5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
PCS-1900
F ul(n) =1710+ 0.2*(n-512) ( Mhz) vi F dl
= Fup(n) +80 (Mhz)
n c nh s t 512-885

5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
Mc cng xut pht v tuyn trong GSM
Cp cng xut Cc i cng xut ca
MS (dBm)
Cc i cng xut
ca MS (dBm)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
20 W (43)
8W(39)
5W(37)
2W(33)
0.8(29)
320 W (55)
160 W (52)
80 W (49)
40 W (46)
20 W (43)
10 W (40)
5 W (37)
2.5 W (34)
5. Mt s thng s v mng
cellular gms
Mc cng xut pht v tuyn trong DCS-1900
Cp cng xut Cc i cng xut ca
MS (dBm)
Cc i cng xut
ca MS (dBm)

1
2
3
4
1 W (30)
0.25W(24)
2W(33)
20-40W (43-46)
10-20 W (40-43)
5-10 W (37-41)
2.5-5 W (34-37)
6. Xu hng pht trin ca h
thng thng tin di dng.
Xu th chung ca cng ngh di ng l phi p ng ngy
cng cao v cht lng, tnh thun tin, gi c, tnh a dng
dch v ca ngi s dng.
Trong tin trnh pht trin ln cng ngh khng dy th h 3G
ni ln 2 hng pht trin theo 2 tiu chun chnh c
ITU-T cng nhn l CDMA 2000 v W-CDMA.
Chu u i theo hng GMSGPRSEDGEW-CDMA
Bc M, Hn Quc, Trung Quc v mt s nc khc i theo
hng IS 95AIS-95B CDMA2000 m bc u l CDMA1x
Ring Nht Bn th h pht trin mng PDC ca mnh theo
c 2 hng W-CDMA v CDMA2000
6. Xu hng pht trin ca h
thng thng tin di dng.
GSM
CDMA
IS-95A
PDC
EDGE
CDMA2000
IS-95B
GPRS W-CDMA
CDMA
20001xEV
4G
GSM Global System for Moblile Communication
PDC Personal Digital Cellular
GPRS General Packet Radio Service