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1. Which of the following is not correct?
(a) Operators who had both operations could not be used because this
type of analysis requires each unit to be counted in one and only one
cell.
(b) The null hypothesis is that the severity of the rodent problem is
independent of the type of operator.
(c) The alternate hypothesis is that the proportion of turkey operators
with mild, moderate, and severe rodent problems is different from the
proportion of egg operators with mild, moderate, and severe rodent
problems.
(d) A Type I error would be to conclude that the severity of rodent
problems is dependent upon the type of operator while, in fact, the
proportion of turkey operators with mild, moderate, and severe ro-
dent problems is the same as the proportion of egg operators with
mild, moderate, and severe rodent problems.
(e) A Type II error would be to conclude that the proportion of egg
operators with mild, moderate, or severe rodent problems is the same
as the proportion of turkey operators with mild, moderate, or severe
rodent problems when in fact they are independent.
Solution: e
Past performance 1993 Apr - 52% (a-10%; b-10%; c-14%; d-14%)
Past performance 1996 Dec - 61% (a-10%, d-12%)
Past performance 1998 Dec - 72%
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c Carl James Schwarz 2
(b) about 9.71
(c) about 6.81
(d) about 5.64
(e) about 8.60
Solution: d
Past performance 1993 Apr - 65% (a-14%; c-10%)
Past performance 1998 Dec - 99%
5. One reviewer of the study suggested that there may be a problem with the
study because results from small operators were pooled with the results
from large operators. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT?
(a) Simpson’s paradox occurs when conclusions from a pooled table differ
from the individual tables.
(b) Tables can be pooled when the underlying rates are equal among
tables.
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c Carl James Schwarz 3
(c) Simpson’s paradox occurs when tables with unequal row totals are
pooled.
(d) Inspection of the row or column percents will give a good clue if
Simpson’s paradox is likely to occur.
(e) Simpson’s paradox occurs when the pooled table gives no evidence
of an effect but the individual tables show evidence of an effect.
Solution: c
Past performance 1990 Dec - 68%
Past performance 1993 Apr - 32% (b-16%; d-22%; e-25%)
Past performance 1996 Dec - 65% (b-10%, d-10%)
Past performance 1998 Dec - 73% ( d-10%)
Frequency|
Row Pct |anger |happy |love |pain | Total
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
f | 27 | 19 | 39 | 17 | 102
| 26.47 | 18.63 | 38.24 | 16.67 |
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
m | 34 | 12 | 38 | 28 | 112
| 30.36 | 10.71 | 33.93 | 25.00 |
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Total 61 31 77 45 214
6. Under a suitable null hypothesis, the expected frequency for the cell cor-
responding to Anger and Males is:
(a) 15.9
(b) 55.7
(c) 30.4
(d) 31.9
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c Carl James Schwarz 4
(e) 29.1
Solution: d
Past performance 1991 Apr - 63% (C-17%, E-15%)
Past performance 1991 Dec - 84% (e-11%)
Past performance 1997 Aug - 87%
7. The null hypothesis will be rejected at α=0.05 if the test statistic exceeds:
(a) 3.84
(b) 5.99
(c) 7.81
(d) 9.49
(e) 14.07
Solution: c
Past performance 1991 Apr - 86%
Solution: a
Past performance 1991 Dec - 77% (e-11%)
(a) The children were cross-classified by sex and emotion associated with
red. Each child was counted in one and only one cell.
(b) The null hypothesis is that the type of emotion associated with red
is independent of the sex of the child.
(c) The null hypothesis is that the proportion of emotions associated
with red is the same for both sexes.
(d) All expected cell counts should be greater than five in order that
the distribution of the test statistic is an approximate chi-square
distribution.
(e) If we reject the null hypothesis than we have proven that the two
sexes associate red with emotions in different ways.
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c Carl James Schwarz 5
Solution: e
Past performance 1991 Apr - 76% (C-12%)
Past performance 1991 Dec - 77% (c-9%, d-12%)
Past performance 1993 Feb - 67% (d-16%)
Solution: e
Past performance 1993 Feb - 67% (d-16%)
Past performance 1996 Oct - 92%
(a) We conclude that the sex of the child and the emotion associated
with red are independent when in fact they are not independent.
(b) We conclude that the sex of the child and the emotion associated
with red are not independent when in fact they are not independent.
(c) We conclude that the proportion of emotions associated with red
differs between males and female when in fact they are the same.
(d) We conclude that the proportion of emotions associated with red is
the same for male and female when in fact they are the same.
(e) We fail to find any association between the color red and emotions
for either sex.
Solution: c
Past performance 1991 Apr - 76% (E-20%)
Past performance 1991 Dec - 84%
Past performance 1997 Aug - 76%
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c Carl James Schwarz 6
(b) gender is dependent upon the emotional association with red
(c) the probability of selecting an emotion with red is related to gender
(d) the number of children in each cell does not depend upon gender nor
upon emotion
(e) the color red is independent of the emotion associated with it and
with gender.
Solution: c
Past performance 1997 Aug - 74%
14. Each person in a random sample of 50 was asked to state his/her sex and
preferred colour. The resulting frequencies are shown below.
Colour
Red Blue Green
Male 5 14 6
Sex Female 15 6 4
A chi-square test is used to test the null hypothesis that sex and preferred
colour are independent. Which of the following statements is a correct
decision about the null hypothesis?
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c Carl James Schwarz 7
15. The following data were obtained from a company which manufactures
special plastic containers which are to hold a specified volume of hazardous
material. On each of the three 8 hour shifts workers are able to make 500
of the containers. Some containers do not meet specifications as required
by the company’s customer because they are too small, others because
they are too large.
Conformance to Specification
Shift Too Small Within Spec. Too Large
8am 36 452 12
4pm 24 443 33
midnight 12 438 50
(a) 166.7
(b) 443
(c) 33
(d) 444.3
(e) 500
16. Are all employees equally prone to having accidents? To investigate this
hypothesis, Parry (1985) looked at a light manufacturing plant and clas-
sified the accidents by type and by age of the employee.
Accident Type
Age Sprain Burn Cut
Under 25 | 9 17 5
25 or over | 61 13 12
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c Carl James Schwarz 8
Solution: c
Past performance 1989 Apr - 64%
Question 1.
Yes No | Total
Question Yes 22 48 | 70
2 No 12 18 | 30
Total 34 66 | 100
Solution: c
Smoker Non-smoker
Drinker 193 165
Non-drinker 89 153
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c Carl James Schwarz 9
(e) At level .01 we conclude that smoking and alcohol consumption are
related.
Solution: e
If the county type of practice and the use of tetracycline are independent,
then the expected number of rural doctors who prescribe tetracycline is:
(a) 31.0
(b) 27.7
(c) 1.37
(d) 51%
(e) 62
Solution: b
20. For the problem outlined above, the critical value(table value) of the test
statistic when the level of significance is α =0.05, is:
(a) 0.1026
(b) 7.3778
(c) 5.9915
(d) 12.5916
(e) 7.8147
Solution: c
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c Carl James Schwarz 10
DEATH SIZE
FREQUENCY| m | s | L | TOTAL
---------+--------+--------+--------+
no | 63 | 128 | 46 | 237
---------+--------+--------+--------+
yes | 26 | 95 | 16 | 137
---------+--------+--------+--------+
TOTAL 89 223 62 374
21. Under a suitable null hypothesis, the expected frequency for the cell cor-
responding to fatal type of accident and small size automobile is:
(a) 81.68
(b) 67.00
(c) 61.43
(d) 63.41
(e) 59.72
Solution: a
Past performance 1990 Apr - 92%
Solution: e
Past performance 1990 Apr - 39% (B-12%, C-36%)
Past performance 1990 Dec - 20% ( 15% - c, 56% - d)
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c Carl James Schwarz 11
23. The null hypothesis will be rejected at α=0.05 if the test statistic exceeds:
(a) 12.59
(b) 7.81
(c) 5.99
(d) 3.84
(e) 9.49
Solution: c
Past performance 1990Apr - 79%
Solution: c
Past performance 1990 Dec - 78%
Past performance 1993 Apr - 80%
25. A controversial issue in sports is the use of the “instant replay” for making
decisions on plays that are extremely close or hard to call by an official.
A survey of players in each of four professional sports was conducted,
asking them if they felt “instant replays” should be used to decide close or
controversial calls. The results are as follows:
In testing to see whether opinion with respect to the use of instant replays
is independent of sport, a table of expected frequencies is found. In this
table, the expected number of professional baseball players opposing the
use of instant replays is equal to:
(a) 10.4
(b) 24.1
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c Carl James Schwarz 12
(c) 11.0
(d) 6.0
(e) 8.4
26. Each person in a random sample of males and females was asked to state
his/her sex and preferred colour. The resulting frequencies are shown
below.
Colour
Red Blue Green
Male 3 11 6
Sex Female 17 11 2
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c Carl James Schwarz 13