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TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 anatomi paru kelainan congenital paru atelektasis penyakit vascular paru penyakit difus paru-------radang paru tumor paru kelainan pd pleura
* obstruktip * restriktip ------intra pulmonal extra pulmonal

Tambahan : cav nasi , naso-pharinx , larynx .

Anomali congenital
Agenesis / hypoplasia Kelainan trachea & bronchus Kongenital emphysema Kista congenital Intralobular dan extralobular squestrations

agenesis

aplasia

hypoplasia

Congenital emphysema

Congenital

Pulmonar cyst

Bronchogenic cyst

Extra pulmonal squestrasi

Intrapulmon. squestrasi

ATELEKTASIS
Expansi paru tak lengkap / kolaps paru yg telah berudara
Obstruction atelektasis Compressip atelektasis Mikro atelektasis Contraksi atelektasis

PENYAKIT PEMBULUH DARAH PARU


1 EDEMA PARU HEMODYNAMIK EDEMA EDEMA pd. Jejas MICROVASCULAR 2 ARDS 3 EMBOLISM , HEMORRHAGR, INFARCTION 4 PULMONAL HYPERTENSI / VASCULARSCLEROSIS

Pulmonal hypertensi & vascular sclerosis


* Sekunder banyak: Chronik obstructive atau intersitial lung disease Recuren pulmonal emboli Left-to-right heart shunt * Primer: seperti aterosclerosis biasanya (wanita muda ---------payah jantung kanan)

Penyakit diffus paru


Obstructive pulmonary disease Restrictive pulmonary disease

OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) Emphysema Chronic bronchtis Asthma Bronchectasis Cystic fibrosis bronchiolitis

emphysema
Pelebaran perpermanen rongga distal terminal bronchioli disertai kerusakan dinding Centriacinar (centrilobular) Panacinar (panlobular) Distalacinar (Paraseptal)

CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
Def. Batuk2 produktip dan persisten lebih 3 bln selama 2 thn
Simple chrn.bronchitis Chrn.mucopurulent bronchitis Chrn. Asthmatic bronchitis Chrn. Obstructive bronchitis

ASTHMA
Intrinsik asthma Extrinsik asthma

BRONCHIECTASIS
Def. Permanen dilatasi dari bronchi/bronchioli karena kerusakan otot dan jaringan elastik (necrotizing infektion)

SYSTEMA PERNAFASAN
ANOMALIA GONGENITAL ATELEKTASIS HEMODINAMMIK GANGUAN VASCULAR---EDEMA---JEJAS MICROVASCULAR - ADRS - EMBOLISMA,HEMORRGAGE,INFARCT - PULM. HYPERTENSI. VAS. SCLER. PENYAKIT DIFUS-----OBSTRUKTIP-------EMPHYSEMA BRONKI TIS ASTHMA BRONKIECTASIS RESTRIKTIP------ EXTRAPULMONAL INTRAPULMONAL RADANG PARU TUMOR PARU KELAINAN PLERA TAMBAHAN: CAV. NASI , NASOPHARYNX , LARYNX.

PENYAKIT RESTRIKTIF

Restriktif acute -------------------ARDS

Restriktif kronik---radang kronik----------fibrosis(sekumpulan penyakit dgn persamaan gejala: *klinis : sesak nafas * radiologis : groundglass picture *Pa : fibrosis

PNEUMOCONIOSIS: -ANTRACOSIS -SILICOSIS

ANTHRACOS

CWP-----PMF

SILICOSIS

BERILLIOSIS

INFEKSI PARU
PNEUMONI BACTERIAL -lobar pneumonia / broncho pneumonia
VIRAL PNEUMONIA

ABSCESS PARU
Def. Nekrosis lokal dan supuratip dlm paru

TBC PARU
Penyebaran penyakit

TUMOR PARU
Yg secundair banyak.
Yg primer: jarang Bronkogenik Ca = 95% 5% = bronchial carcinoid, mesothelioma, bronchial gland Ca
mesenchimal Sa, lymphoma

Jinak:

hamartoma

HAMARTOMA

Kanker paru
Smookers , lingkungan , heriditar Laki : wanita = 2 : 1 usia 40-70 thn
Resiko Perokok biasa ---- risk 10x ,, berat ---- risk 20x ,, pasip ---- risk 2x

Bronchogenic carsinoma
I NON SMALL CELL LUNG CA (NSCLC) 70%-75% 1 epidermoid Ca (20-25%) 2 adeno Ca (30-35% 3 Large cell Ca (10-15%)
II SMALL CELL CA (SCLC) 20-25% III COMBINED PATTREN (5-10%)

SQUAMOUS CELL CA

ADENO CA

LARGE CELL CA

SMALL CELL CA (OAT CELL CA)

ALVEOLAR CELL CA

BRONCHIAL ADENOMA (ICEBERG TUMOR)

VENA CAVA SUPERIOR SYNDROMA

PANCOASTS SYNDROMA

HORNERS SYNDROMA
MIOSIS PTOSIS ENOPHTHALMUS ANHYDROSIS

PLEURA EFFUSION: Transudat Exudat--------empyema PNEUMOTORAX TUMOR: Malignant Mesothelioma Sarcomatoid Epithelial biphasik

PLEURA
EFFUSION (cairan) - TRANSUDAT (BD: < 1,015) (CHF) - EXSUDAT: (BD : > 1,016 1,020 ) (RADANG) -Serosa -Sero-fibrinosa -Fibrinosa -PurulentaEmpiema -HEMATOTHORAX -CHYLOTHORAX
PNEUMOTHORAX---------- SPONTANEA (udara) OPEN CLOSED VENTIL

Mesotheliomasel2

Sel2ganas bifasic

HIDUNG
RHINITIS AKUTA: Stadium viral --------cairan kataral ,, bacterial----eksudat hijau

RHINITIS ALLERGIKA (radang eosinophil) RHINITIS CHRONIKA------Mucosa atrofi Rhinitis Atroficans S Rhinitis SICCA S OZAENA

TUMOR: ISOLATED PLASMOCYTOMA

SINUS PARANASAL
Sinusitis : radang---mucocele----empiema (awas dekat otak)

LARYNG
LARINGITIS KRONIKA
SQUAMOUS METAPLASI EPITHEL MUCOUS GLAND HYPERTROPHY

TUMOR LARYNG

GANAS: SQUAMOUS CELL CA > LAKI2 >40thn

JINAK:

POLYP (singers nodul) PAPILOMA

NASOPHARYNX

Tumor: Jinak: JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA

Ganas: KARSINIMA NASOPHARYNX


keratinizing squamous cell Ca Non keratinizing karsinoma Undifferentiated Ca Cause: EIBSTEIN BARR VIRUS.

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