MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

Howard Gardner

WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
What is intelligence?
Capacity to learn and the ability to apply that learning Usually reported as intelligence quotient

What is intelligence?
Multiple Intelligence (MI)? - Gardner

INTELLIGENCE

Emotional Quotient (EQ)?

-Goleman

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

-Binet, Simon dan Terman

WRONG CONCEPTS ABOUT INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence is fixed Each individual has only one type of

intelligence

WHAT IS THE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY?

Each individual has at least eight

(nine) intelligences at different developmental levels

The different intelligences function

together in a complex manner

Intelligence can be developed and

changes throughout life

THE NINE INTELLIGENCES

1. Linguistic
2. Logical-mathematical 3. Visual Spatial 4. Bodily-kinesthetic 5. Musical 6. Interpersonal 7. Intrapersonal

8. Naturalis
9. Spiritual

Linguistic

Naturalist

Mathematical

+
Intrapersonal

8 7

9 1

2
Spatial

MULTIPLE 3 INTELLIGENCES

Kinesthetic

6
Interpersonal

4 5

Spiritual

Rhythm

Linguistic

Expresses itself in words, both written & oral, &

in auditory skills. Can learn by listening. Like to read, write & speak, & like to play with words.

Logical-Mathematical
Includes scientific ability. Often called as critical thinking. Like to do things with data; they see patterns

and relationships. Like to solve math problems & play strategy games. Tend to use graphic organisers both to please themselves & to present their information to others. Highly valued in our technological society.

Visual Spatial
Tend to think in pictures & learn best from visual

presentations such as movies, pictures, videos & demonstrations using models & props. Like to draw, paint or sculpt their ideas & often represent moods & feelings through art. Good at reading maps & diagrams, & enjoy solving mazes & putting together jigsaw puzzles. Often experienced & expressed through daydreaming, imagining & pretending.

Kinesthetic
Process information through the sensations

they feel in their bodies. They like to move around, act things out & touch the people they are talking to. Good at both small & large muscle skills & enjoy physical activities & sports of all kinds. Prefer to communicate information by demonstration or modeling. Express emotion & mood through dance.

Musical
Sensitive to sounds, environmental as well as musical. Often sing, whistle or hum while engaging in other

activities. Love to listen to music; may collect CDs & tapes, often play an instrument. Sing on key & can remember & vocally reproduce melodies. Move rhythmically in time to activity or make up rhythms & songs to help them remember facts & other information.

Interpersonal
Enjoys friends & social activities of all kinds & is

reluctant to be alone. Enjoy working in groups, learn while interacting & cooperating, & often serve as mediators in case of disputes, both in a school situation & at home. Cooperative learning strategy could have been designed just for them.

Intrapersonal
Shown through a deep awareness of inner

feelings. Allows people to understand themselves, their abilities & their options. Independent & self-directed & have strong opinions on controversial subjects. Great sense of self-confidence & enjoy working on their own projects & just being alone.

Naturalist

Focuses on individuals ability to

recognize & discriminate among flora & fauna & other things in the world like clouds & rocks.

Spiritual
The capacity to raise and reflect on

philosophical questions about life, death, and ultimate realities. existential intelligence, moral intelligence The aptitude to reflect on fundamental questions of existence.

Observation of pupils when studying Activities pupils like to do during free time Achievement records and reports Intelligence profiles of pupils

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE Implications in education

1.
2. 3. 4.

Helps students obtain skills for new millennium Form understanding of student motivation Helps teacher understand influences on students intelligence Set up schools that accept and appreciate the different intelligences among students

How can you incorporate multiple intelligences in the teaching and learning process?

Teaching & learning strategies

Cooperative
Collaborative Contextual

Project-based
Problem based Use of ICT

Inquiry & discovery

Questions that can help when preparing lessons

VERBAL-LINGUISTIC How can I use verbal and written language? LOGICAL MATHEMATICAL How can I use numbers. calculations, classification, critical thinking?
MUSIC How can I use music, sounds, rhythmic elements and melody?

VISUAL-SPATIAL How can I use teaching aids that use visualization, art, color and graphic organizers?

Questions that can help when preparing lessons

KINESTHETIC How can I incorporate movement and hands on activities? INTERPERSONAL How can I involve pupils in group work, peer sharing?

INTRAPERSONAL How can I encourage pupils to do self introspection about their feelings/

NATURALIS How can I bring nature into the classroom or take pupils out into natural environment?

Ways multiple intelligences can be incorporated in the classroom

1. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE STATIONS

Each station has

certain elements E.g. Naturalist station can have flora and fauns
The stations can be

EXAMPLE: Intrapersonal Station

Station away from noise

and disturbance
Pupils can be give ear

created using themes or intelligences in rotation if space not enough

plugs so its quiet and they can read, write, think and do self reflection

2. CLASSROOM DECORATIONS
Decorate

classroom with information that can be appreciated by each intelligence

E.g. Verbal

E.g. Logical mathematical

and formulas

Models of shapes

Examples of money

linguistic pupils can prepare posters about famous authors

from different countries

3. FIELD TRIPS
Taking pupils out for
E.g. Music trip
Taking pupils to listen to

trips to different places to observe and understand different intelligences

Philharmonic Orchestra
Taking pupils to recording

studios to see how radio programs are produced.

4. CLASSROOM RESOURCES

For each subject many resources can be integrated into lesson to increase pupil interest

CLASSROOM RESOURCES
KINESTHETIC Balls Umbrella Building Kits Stop watch Rattan Hoops Robotic Kits
INTERPERSONAL Biographies Role play cards Board games Birthday charts

How to evaluate?
Projects and products

Performance, presentation and demonstration

Video recording, photographs, CD

How to evaluate?
Problem solving and experiments

Reports, folios, portfolios and exhibition

Observation in intelligence stations

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
We are all able to know the world through language, logical mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things and an understanding of ourselves and others. Individuals differ in the strength of these intelligences Howard Gardner, 1991

Homework
Identify a science activity you would do

with children. Discuss how you can teach the same concepts using different multiple intelligences.