DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN............................................................................

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................

iii

PERNYATAAN

iv

RIWAYAT

SKRIPSI.............................................................

HIDUP..............................................................................................

.......................................................................................................

vi

..........................................................................................................

vii

PENGANTAR..........................................................................................

viii

RINGKASAN
SUMMARY
KATA

KEASLIAN

DAFTAR

ISI.........................................................................................................

ix

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................

xii

DAFTAR

GAMBAR............................................................................................

xiii

DAFTAR

LAMPIRAN........................................................................................

xiv

DAFTAR SIMBOL.............................................................................................. xv

I. PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................................

1.1 Latar Belakang..........................................................................................

1.2 Rumusan Masalah.....................................................................................

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................

1.4 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................................

1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ....................................................................................

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................................

2.1 Absorpsi Oleh Benda Hitam ......................................................................

2.2 Proses-Proses Dalam Kolektor ..................................................................

2.2.1 Radiasi.....................................................................................................

2.2.2 Konduksi.................................................................................................

2.2.3 Konduktivitas Termal .............................................................................

2.2.4 Konveksi .................................................................................................

10

2.3 Heat Collector............................................................................................

11

2.4 Jenis Heat Collector...................................................................................

13

2.4.1 Flat Plate Collector ................................................................................

2.4.2 Concentrating Collector .........................................................................

13
13

2.4.3 Evacuated Tube Collector.......................................................................

14

2.4.4 Batch Collector .......................................................................................

15

2.5 Kaca ...........................................................................................................

15

2.5 Energi yang Diserap Kolektor ...................................................................

2.6 Efisiensi Kolektor ......................................................................................
2.7 Flooding dan Serpentine ............................................................................

17
18
18

III.METODE PENELITIAN..............................................................................

20

3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian....................................................................

3.2 Alat dan Bahan...........................................................................................
3.3 Rancangan Alat..........................................................................................

20
20
21

3.3.1 Rancangan Fungsional............................................................................

21

3.3.2 Rancangan Struktural..............................................................................

23

3.4 Mekanisme Kerja Alat ...............................................................................

27

3.5 Prosedur Pengujian ....................................................................................

28

3.6 Pengujian Alat Pemanas Air Sistem Flooding Serpentine dengan Dua
Kaca Penutup ....................................................................................

29

3.7 Analisa Data...............................................................................................

30

3.7.1 Energi Panas Yang Diserap Kolektor .....................................................

3.7.2 Energi Yang Dihasilkan Kolektor...........................................................

30
31

3.7.3 Efisiensi Kolektor ...................................................................................

31

3.8 Asumsi .......................................................................................................

31

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN......................................................................

4.1 Deskripsi Alat Hasil Modifikasi ................................................................

33
33

4.1.1 Heat Collector.........................................................................................

33

4.1.2 Kotak (Bodi Luar)...................................................................................

34

4.1.3 Isolasi Panas............................................................................................

35

4.1.4 Kaca Penutup ..........................................................................................

36

4.2 Hasil Pengamatan.......................................................................................

37

4.2.1 Suhu Air Masuk dan Suhu Air Keluar....................................................

4.2.2 Suhu Kolektor .........................................................................................

37
39

4.2.3 Intensitas Matahari, Waktu Mengalirnya air, Volume air dan Debit air.

40

4.3 Data Hasil Pengujian..................................................................................

42

4.3.1 Energi Panas Yang Diserap Kolektor .....................................................

32

4.3.2 Energi Panas Yang Dihasilkan Kolektor ................................................

44

4.3.3 Efisiensi Kolektor ...................................................................................

48

4.4 Perbandingan Antara Kolektor Menggunakan Satu Kaca Penutup Dengan

Kolektor Hasil Modifikasi Menggunakan Dua Kaca Penutup .....

49

4.4.1 Perbandingan Suhu Air Masuk dan Suhu Air Keluar............................

49

4.4.2 Perbandingan Suhu Kolektor .................................................................

51

4.4.3 Perbandingan Energi Panas Yang Dihasilkan Kolektor (Qo)................

52

4.4.4 Perbandingan Efisiensi Kolektor ...........................................................

53

V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................................

54

5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................

5.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

54
54

DAFTRA TABEL

Nomor

Teks

Halaman

1. Emisifitas berbagai permukaan

2. Konduktivitas dari berbagai bahan ...

10

3. Hadil Pengujian suhu air masuk dan keluar heat collector ..

37

4. Suhu kolektor .

40

5. Intensitas radiasi matahari .

41

6. Hasil perhitungan energy panas yang dihasilkan kolektor

45

7. Perbandingan suhu keluar pada kolektor

51

8. Data efisiensi kolektor .

53

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Nomor

Teks

Halaman

1. Konsep black body

2. Perpindahan kalor konveksi dari suatu plat ..

11

3. Penyerapan radiasi matahari oleh kolektor

11

4. Proses absorpsi dan refleksi pada kolektor

12

5. Sistem Concertrating Collectors

14

6. Sistem Evacuated Tube Collectors .

14

7. Sistem Batch Collectors ..

15

8. Bentuk metode serpentine

19

9. Sketsa dari sistem flooding serpentine .

22

10. Gambar tampak samping ..

23

11. Penampang lintang (tampak samping) .

24

12. Hasil alur setelah penutupan

24

13. Gambar diagram alir penelitian

29

14. Plat kolektor sebelum dirakit

34

15. Plat kolektor setelah dirakit ..

34

16. Bodi luar (kayu) plat kolektor ..

35

17. Grafik hubungan antara intensitas matahari dengan waktu ....

42

18. Grafik hubungan anatara energi panas yang diserap kolektor .

43

19. Grafik hubungan antara energi panas yang dihasilkan kolektor terhadap
Waktu .

47

20. Grafik efisiensi kolektor .

48

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Nomor

Lampiran

Halaman

1. Heat collector tampak atas.....

55

2. Heat collector tampak depan..

56

3. Heat collector 3 dimensi.

57

4. Heat collector tampak samping..

58

5. Perhitungan volume kolektor..

59

6. Pengukuran debit air...

60

7. Intensitas radiasi matahari..........................................................

61

8. Data hasil pengujian alat.

62

9. Tabel suhu lingkungan dan suhu kolektor..................................

65

10. Perhitungan energi radiasi matahari total (ER)...........................

66

11. Perhitungan energi panas yang diserap kolektor (Qr).................

68

12. Perhitungan energi panas yang dihasilkan kolektor (Qo)............

69

13. Perhitungan efisiensi kolektor....................................................

70

14. Perbandingan suhu kolektor........................................................

71

15. Perbandingan suhu air masuk dan suhu air keluar......................

72

16. Perbandingan energi yang dihasilkan kolektor...........................

73

17. Foto pengujian alat......................................................................

74

DAFTAR SIMBOL
Simbol

Keterangan

Satuan

Nomor
Persamaan

Luas permukaan

2,3

Garis tengah

Daya pancar benda yang beradiasi; E,

W/m

W/m

W/m

2,3

W/mC

daya pancar monokromatik per micron

pada panjang gelombang
G

Iradiasi-datang pada permukaan

satuan dalam waktu satuan

Radiasi matahari yang diterima

kolektor

Koefisien konduktivitas bahan

Massa air

kg
3

Jumlah lapis penutup kaca transparan

(-)

Absorptansi

Gradient suhu pada perpindahan kalor

Emisifitas bahan

(-)

Efisiensi

2,3

Panjang gelombang max panjang

monokromatik Eb maksimum

10-6 m

Viskositas fluida

Kg/ms

Berat jenis air

Kg/m

Konstanta Stefan Boltzman

N/m

Efisiensi optic kaca

0.85

Transmitansi untuk radiasi

(-)

2,3

Panas Jenis air

kJ/kg

Koefisien perpindahan kalor konveksi

W/mC

Qr

Energy panas yang diserap kolektor

gelombang dimana daya pancar

per satuan luas

Suhu lingkungan

Suhu kolektor

Tin

Suhu air masuk

2,3

Tout

Suhu air keluar