...

3ds Max 2009

www.arctopsecret.com

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...

...

www.arctopsecret.com

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Getting familiar with 3ds Max

3ds Max

Computer Graphics CG

CG 2D Art .3D Art

Adobe Photoshop

3ds Max

Adobe

Autodesk

.www.autodesk.com www.adobe.com

3ds Max

-1


.

-2 .

-3 .
-4 VRay

RealFlow

.Plug-ins

-5 Autodesk

Max
AutoCAD

AutoCAD

AutoCAD

.Import & Export

-6 Revit Architecture

Premiere
Photoshop
3ds Max

.Industry standard

 3ds Max

Work flow

.Animation
Render

Model

( )1

( )2

( )3

Render ( )4 Animation (.)5

()1

()2

.Model

 3ds Max

( )3 .

()4

()5

.Animations

.Render

3ds Max

-1
)(Standard primitives
).(Extended primitives

-2 "
" ).(Boolean

-3 ).(Modifiers

-4

-5
).)Editable Poly

).(Splines

)User Interface (UI

Max

5
4

8- Animation controls.
9- Animation keying.
). ( 10- Coordinate display
11- Track bar.
12- Time slider.
13- Status bar.
14- MAX-Script listener.

10

11

).

).

12

13

14

1- Menu bar.
( 2- Main toolbar
( 3- Command panel
).
4- Viewports.
5- Active Viewport.
6- Quad menu

(
7- Navigation controls.

 User Interface

( )1

()2
)(Float

Layers .

((1


menu

((2

Menu bar Customize Customize User Interface

Quad

Keyboard

(.)4( )3

()4

((3

Load Custom UI Scheme

Save Custom UI Scheme

.

:3ds Max 2009

\C:\Program Files\Autodesk\3ds Max 2009\UI

Load

10

 User Interface

11

()1

:Command panels
Create Geometry Basic primitives Box (.)1

) (click and drag

( )2
(.)3

()2

()3

()4

: -1

.



-2 ) (Box
( )4

-3

Selection

-4

Edit

Select None .Shortcut Ctrl + D

-5

Modify Command panels

Spinners
( )5

.Click and Drag

-6

)(click and drag

" "Tab Create (.)6
Command panels

-7

Rollout


.

.Alt
-8 Ctrl

Parameters

Box

()5

()6

12

Segments Segments

Segments

-9

13

 Viewports

3ds Max
, ( )1

Perspective

Front Top

Left
( )

.

()1

Rotate

Zoom
Navigation

(.)2

Arc

Navigation controls

Navigation

Pan

(.)3

()2
()3

14

 Viewports

Zoom
Field-Of-View
Zoom Region

Scroll

Ctrl + W

Zoom All
Pan View

Walk Through

Zoom Extents Selected

Arc Rotate

Zoom Extents All

Zoom Extents Selected All
Maximize Viewport Toggle

Arc Rotate Selected
Arc Rotate SubObject

Click On Scroll +
Drag

Zoom Extents

" "

Alt + Scroll + Drag

"

Alt + Scroll + Drag

"

Alt + Scroll + Drag

Active

Z
Alt + W

Viewports ( )1

.


...

.Top view
T

Viewport right click menu ()2

Configure Layout

()3

F3
Wire Frame
Smooth + Highlights

F4
Edged Faces

Viewport right click menu

(3

()1

F3

15

 Viewports
.

()2

16

Main Toolbar

14

 Main Toolbar

( )1

Resolution

.
"
"

Undo & Redo

.Ctrl + Y Ctrl + Z

Install

Customize Preferences

( )2

Wires

Selection Filter

Selection Filter

Object





Q
Shortcut

.500

.Window Selection

20

Undo
General

Select

Select By Name

()3

).(Shortcut H

()1

Rectangular Selection Region

"
.

Window / Crossing

" Window

"
Crossing
"

"

Customize Preferences General

Auto Window/Crossing By Direction

AutoCAD

Window

15

 Main Toolbar

Crossing

.AutoCAD

()2

16

 Main Toolbar

3ds Max
Select And Move

Select And Move

Gizmo

Gizmo 3ds Max

Pivot Point ()1

Gizmo

Pivot Point

Scale

Command

panel Hierarchy Affect Pivot Only

Gizmo Gizmo

Gizmo X
Show Transform Gizmo
Views

Gizmo .Views
Gizmo

X, Y, Z

XY, XZ, YZ

Gizmo Drag " Gizmo

"

X
Axis Constraints

( )2 Constraint

( .)12

Offset

Transform Type-In
Transform Type-In

Keyboard

Offset

AutoCAD
Offset
Absolute

Move
Move

Move F12

Absolute

Coordinate Display 11

Coordinate Display
Pivot Point
.

16

 Main Toolbar

()1

()2

17

 Main Toolbar

Select And "

Click and Drag Gizmo

(.)1


Move, Rotate, Scale

Gizmo

Move Rotate

Transform

.Transform Type-In

Select And Scale

.
( )2

Select and Uniform Scale

Scale

Select and Non-uniform Scale

Select and Squash Scale

,

.Scale

"Pivot Point
Rotate
3
Rotate

Scale

Scale Transform Type-In

AutoCAD AutoCAD
Scale Max

Scale

Modify Panel

Scale

Scale

.Scale Transform Type-In

.Keyboard

Scale Rotate Move R E W

=
Transform Gizmo

Reference Coordinate System

AutoCAD UCS
Gizmo

.
Active Viewport
View X,Y

Gizmo

Active Viewport
Screen
( )4( )3

18

 Main Toolbar
()1

()2

()3

()4

19

 Main Toolbar

World

Gizmo

Animations

Parent

Child

Parent

Parent
Child
.

Local ( )1
Z

Local

, Local

Grid

Grid .

Home Grid




Create Helpers Grid

Modify Panel

Activate Grid
Quad menu

Activate Home Grid

.G
Pick .

Use Pivot Point Center Pivot Point

Rotate (.)2

Use Pivot Point Center

Pivot Point

Pivot

Use Selection Center

Use Transform Coordinate Center

".
" World

Snap

AutoCAD
Snaps

20

 Main Toolbar

()1

()2

21

 Main Toolbar

Grid & Snap Settings

Shortcut Snap
.

Snap Snap

( )1 AutoCAD
.S

Snap

Snap \

Snap

Snaps

Angular Snap Toggle Snap

10 45

Angle ()2
Grid and Snap Settings

Shortcut .A

Scale
Snap Toggle
Percent Scale

%10
Grid and Snap

Settings Percent (.)2

Spinner Snap Toggle Snap

Spinners

Spinners

3ds Max


Preference Settings Snap

Spinners (.)3

Named Selection Set

Enter

()1

()2

()3

22

 Main Toolbar

Mirror

CAD

Max

AutoCAD

Mirror

Mirror

Mirror (.)1

Mirror


Mirror
Axis

Offset No Clone

Copy

Reference Instance
.

(.)2

Align

Align

Object

Maximum X X
Minimum X Y, Z ,

Object Center Pivot Pivot
Object Center

.Pivot Point

()1

Minimum X
Side

Minimum Y
Side

Object Center

Maximum X
Side
Maximum Y
Side

23

 Main Toolbar

()2

24

 Main Toolbar

()1


.Align

( )2

()1

Move

()2

Align ) (Shortcut = Alt + A

Align
Selection X
Minimum Current Object
Maximum Target Object

.OK

:
F3

Wire frame Align

X, Y Center Current

Target

X Y
Z

Apply

Ok

.
Align

: Apply Align

Reset

Selection

Z Minimum

Current Object Maximum Target Object
.Align
OK

Align Rotation Scale

Align Selection

Rotation Scale

25

 Layers

Layer Manager

Layer ( )1 Layer Manager

Align

AutoCAD

Layers

Walls_Exterior .

.AutoCAD

Active Layer

.

Right Click

Rename

()1

Create New Layer
Delete Highlighted Empty Layer
Add Selected Objects To
Highlighted Layer
Select Highlighted Objects And
Layers
Highlight Selected Objects
Layers

Radiosity

Freeze / Unfreeze

Color

Hide / Unhide

Render

Render

Radiosity
.

26

 Cloning Objects

Clone
Edit

Clone Options
)(Ctrl + V
Shortcut

( )1 Copy
.

Instance

Instance

Modify Panel

(.)2

Transform

Move Rotate Scale

Shift
Move
Clone Options ()3

Shift

Clone

) (Ctrl + V Transform
.

()1

()2

Instance

Make Unique Command Panels (.)4

Instance
.

27

 Cloning Objects

()3

()4

28

& Standard & Extended Primitives
Boolean

24

 : Standard Primitives

Standard Primitives
()1

,
, ,

, , , , ,

Command Panels Create Geometry
.Standard Primitives

: (:)2
:Length .
:Width .
:Height .
:Length Segments

:Width Segments

.

:Height Segments .

: (:)3 :Radius 1 .
:Radius 2

"
".
:Height .
:Height Segments .


:Cap Segments

.
:Sides
.

:Smooth .

:Slice on .

:Slice From .
:Slice To .

()1

()2

()3

: (:)4

:Hemisphere
.
:Chop & Squash

Chop

Squash

.
:Base To Pivot Pivot

25

 : Standard Primitives
.

()4

26

 : Standard Primitives

( :)1

:Tetra

:Octa

:Icosa

.

.

()1

: (:)2
:Twist .

:Smooth

.
-

: (:)3
:Render Scale

.Render

()2

()3

26

 : Extended Primitives

Extended ( )1

ChamferCylinder ChamferBox

()1

:ChamferBox (:)2 :Fillet .

"
:Fillet Segments

".3

()2

27

 : Boolean

3ds Max

( )1

()2

Create Geometry Compound Objects

Start Picking
.
ProBoolean

()1

()2

()3

()4

(.)3

.ProBoolean

Union

Intersection

Subtraction



Merge

Operations .Change Operations

Apply Operand Material

Retain Original Material
" "Boolean
Extract Selected

28

 : Boolean
Reorder Operands

Boolean

29

Modifiers
Using Modifiers

29

 Modifiers

Modifiers

Modifier

Command Panels Modify

.
Modifier List Modifier
Modifiers

Modifier

Modifier

+

3 2 1
.

Modifiers

()1

Modifiers

:Bend :
Modifier

100x20x20

10
Bend

.Bend

()2

Direction
Angle

.

Bend Axis

Bend
Limit Effect

Gizmo

Center (.)1
:Twist :

Angle

Bias (.)2
:Taper :

Amount

Taper

Taper
:4X4X4 FFD:
Modifier

""Gizmo

Taper Curve

()3

Taper Axis
Taper (.)3

30

 Modifiers

Modifier

Control Points (.)4

()4

31

 Modifiers

:Lattice :

Space Truss
(.)1
- Struts

Modify

Lattice Joints
" "
Lattice

:Noise :

(.)2
Seed
Fractal
-

Strength

()1

Animate Noise

Animations

:Slice :

Modifier

Remove Top

Slice

(.)3

()2

Viewport Right Click menu Configure

Force 2-
Rendering method
.sided

Transforms.
:Symmetry :

()3

31

 Modifiers

Flip Slice Along Mirror

Weld Seam (.)4

()4

31

Lines
Modifiers
Drawing Lines & Modifying It

32

3ds Max

Line
Create Shapes

Click

Shift

Backspace

Shapes
, , , , , ,

Modify

Line
.

Splines

Radius

( )2
.Spline

AutoCAD

Line
Center
.

Line

( )2

Attach -
Modify

Object Pivot Point

.
-

Vertex

Segment

Segments Spline

Spline .
Modify

Vertex Segment Spline

3 2 1

()1

()2

33

" 3ds Max

"

Bezier Corner Bezier Smooth Corner

Vertex

Quad Menu Tools 1

.

- Corner ( )1

Smooth ( )2


.
Bezier ( )3

Handles

Smooth
Handles Handles

Handles
Bezier Corner ( )4 Bezier

Handle

Handles

.Axis
Drag

Gizmo

Move

Enable In Viewport
Modify Rendering Rollout

Enable In Renderer

Interpolation Rollout Steps .

Selection
.

Geometry Rollout
.

Pan

Zoom Pan
Customize

).Zoom About Mouse Point (Orthographic and perspective

Show Vertex Numbers

Zoom
Zoom

Preferences Viewports

Zoom

34

()1

()2

()3

()4

35

Geometry Vertex

Create Line
Spline Line


Spline
Break

Spline
Attach

Attach Multiple Splines

Refine

" "Weld
Weld

Connect
" "

Insert Spline

Make First

Fillet

Chamfer

Delete

Geometry Segment
Divide

.Segments

Detach
Spline

Geometry
Offset .Spline
Outline

.Spline
Mirror


Trim
.Splines

Extend
.

.Spline
Close

.
Explode Spline

Modifier .Edit Spline

()1

36

 : Modifiers .

:Extrude :

Modify Modifier
( )1
Amount

Modifier
Extrude

Segments Capping

Extrude Cap End Cap Start (.)1

()1
:Shell :

Cap End
Cap Start
Extrude

Modifier

Modifier Shell
Extrude

Create Line
Show End Result Command panel

BIM (.)2
-

Shell

Straighten corners

Offset .

()2

37

 : Modifiers .

:Lathe :

(" )2
Front

"
Lathe

Axis

( )3 Modify Lathe

( )4 Degrees

Lathe

Segments Lathe

( )5

Front
Flip Normals

.Lathe

Show End Result

()2

()1
:Bevel Profile : Cornice


( )6
Command panel

()3

()4

( )5

Bevel Profile Pick profile

Modifier

Profile

Gizmo Bevel profile modifier

.

Z

()5

()6

38

 : Modifiers .

:CrossSection and Surface : ( )1

Z ( )2 Attach

CrossSection Modifier


-

( )3

(.)4
Edit poly modifier

Soft Selection

Edit poly .

Surface

()1

()2

()3

()4

39

Modeling with Editable poly & Extra
Objects

39

 : Editable poly

:Editable poly

Editable poly

Editable
poly

Editable poly

.
3ds Max

Editable poly

Vertex

" Edge
" " Border

" Polygon



" " Element

".

( .)1

()1

:Editable poly

Editable poly

Editable poly

Editable poly

.
3ds Max

poly

Vertex

" Polygon

5
Editable

" Edge
" Border
"

".
" " Element

()2

40

 : Editable poly

( .)1

41

 : Editable poly

Remove

Break

Weld

Chamfer

Target Weld

Connect

Repeat Last

Create

Slice Plane




Slice

Cut
Edge
Insert Vertex




Split

Chamfer

Bridge

Connect
( )

Create Shape From Selection

Border
Extrude

Cap

Polygon
Extrude

Outline


Bevel

Offset
Inset
Flip

Hinge From Edge

Extrude Along Spline

Material Set ID
Smoothing Groups

Element

Editable Poly
Attach

.


Detach

Editable Poly

Vertex

Edit Poly Modifier
.

MeshSmooth Modifier Edit Poly

Modifier
.Groups

Smoothing

41

 : AEC Extended, Doors, Windows & Stairs

AEC Extended.Geometry

Create

:Walls

Extrude

.Shell

- Keyboard Entry

Parameters
.
:Railing
Modify

,
Rail

BiFold

Sliding

....

()1

Hand rails



Pick Railing Path
.

Foliage
.

Pivot

Modify

AEC Extended

Boolean

Plan

2.5 Snap

(.)2( )1

()2

:
Box Closed
Open

,Modify

Rail Path

Bevel Profile

Handrail

(.)3

Edit Poly

42

AEC Extended, Doors, Windows & Stairs :

)3(

43

. Modifiers

Spacing tool 50

Array Spacing Tool Pick

Tools

.Apply
Path Count

()1

Alt + Q

Isolate Selection Quad Menu .Display

Slab

.Alt + X

Hide
Hide Selected
Display

Unselected Unhide All Unhide by name

.
.Panel

Hide

Display

Command

Lock Selection
Space

44

Save As

Backup

Ctrl + S

Auto Save As

Preferences Files
Incremental Save Customize

.Increment on save

- 7

Info
File

Summary

Configure Statistics Selection .Total

Viewport right click menu

Group

Attach Edit Poly

Group
Group

Group Menu Bar .Group

Scale
(.)1

Group

AutoCAD
Array

Array
Transform
Move Rotate Array Tools Array

()1

45

3ds Max File Import

Layer
Drive AutoCAD Primitives By Layers Weld 5 Curve Steps (.)1

Layers

.

()1

(.)2

Help Reference
User

()2

46

Directoring the Scene

46

-

Models
.

Scene
Cuts Cuts CG
Cut Cut

.Frames

Target Target

Cuts



.

Raw material

Editing Composing

Mix Adobe Premiere

Adobe After Effects

.Soundbooth

Adobe

47

 Frame

Frame .
-

.Frame

Foreground

Cut

Hot Spot

Background

Face

Side 45
High Angle Low Angle

Eye

.
Angle
High Angle

Eye Angle

Low Angle

Side Angle

Face Angle

Frame

Key Light

%70

Back Light

%10
Rim Light

Fill

%20

48

 Frame

49

 Frame

(Frame

Very Long Shot

)Height

Long Shot

Medium Shot
Zoom Close Shot


Extreme Close

.
:

.
Pan

Tilt

Zoom .

Dolly .

Truck Travelling

Focus

Compound
.

Long

Medium Close

Transitions .

Inserts

50

Placing cameras in the scene

50

.

Top view

Stills

Create Camera Target Camera

Target Camera

Free Camera .Animation

Camera View

C
Camera View

Camera

Modify panel

.Ctrl + C

Free Camera

Navigation Perspective Navigation controls

.Camera

Dolly

3 .Dolly

.Travelling

Field of View

Perspective
Truck

51

Walk

Roll Camera

Orbit Camera Arc Rotate

.Perspective navigation

Pan Camera .

Maximize Viewport Toggle Zoom Extents All Selected Zoom Extents All

.Perspective

Viewport right click menu Show safe frame

.

Focal length
( )1
Field of view .

A Focal Length B Field of view

Field of view .Distortion
Focal length 50 mm
Long Telephoto
length
.Wide-angle

Focal
Normal

Short

52

Orthographic Projection

Modify .

Field of view
Focal length

Lens Stock Lenses

Show cone

Selection Show horizon .

Effects

Environment Ranges

( )2( )1
.Render
Environment

Near Clip
.
-

Far Clip

Multi Pass Effect

Depth of field Focus

Motion Blur
Focus

Multi Pass Effect .

Enable Preview

Target Distance .Depth of field

Focus

Rollout
Depth of field

.Motion Blur parameters

Motion Blur

field parameters

Depth of

53

Lighting scenes properly

54

Create

Lighting types and Rendering introduction

Lights

(.)1

Standard Direct

Spot

Omni



Omni ( Fill Light ).

Sky Light

Photometric

Photometric

Render

Render

Render Render

Render

Standard Lights

Scanline No lighting
plug-in

Sky Light

Scanline Light Tracer

Photometric Lights

Scanline Radiosity

mental ray (mr) Lights

mental ray (mr) render

55

Lighting types and Rendering introduction

VRay render

56

VRay Lights

 Standard Lights

Standard Lights

Target Spot

Spot Light

Default light

Modify

.
Set view to selected light
Quad menu
Navigation

Navigation
.

Viewport Method
Customize Configuration

Default Lighting
.
Light Lister

Rendering
Render

.Tools

56

 Standard Lights

General Parameters

On

Targeted

Shadows On

Use Global Settings

Exclude


Intensity / Color / Attenuation
Multiplier
Decay
Start
Show
Use Near Attenuation
Show
Start
End
Use Far Attenuation
Show / Start / End

Decay

Gizmo

Decay

Decay

Falloff/Field

Circle
Rectangle

Bitmap Fit

Advanced Effects

Contrast
Contrast

Soften Diff. Edge

Specular

Map
None

Render

Ambient Diffuse

Diffuse

Ambient Only

Aspect

()%100

Show Cone

Hotspot/Beam

Spot Light Parameters

Overshoot

Diffuse

Specular

Ambient

57

 Standard Lights

Shadow Parameters

Color

Density

Map

Light Affect Shadow Color

On
Opacity
Color Amount

Shadow Type Parameters

Shadow Map Parameters :

Bias
Size
Sample Range
Absolute Map Bias
2 Sided Shadows

General Rollout

Map

Bias

2 Sided

Area Shadows :

Light Shape

2 Sided
2 Sided Shadows


Shadow Integrity


Shadow Quality

Sample Spread
Shadow Bias
Jitter Amount
Length

Optimizations Rollout

Width

Height

Area Shadows On

Raytrace Shadow :

Ray Bias

2 Sided Shadows

Max Quadtree Depth

2 Sided

58

 Attenuation

Near Attenuation End

Start

Far Attenuation
End .

Far Attenuation

Start

59

Light Tracer

Light

Sky

Light

Tracer

Light Tracer

Modify

.Rays per Sample

Light Tracer

Rendering Advanced Lighting .Light Tracer

Sky Light

Sky Light

Standard Lights

60

Photometric Lights

Photometric



Attenuation
.
-

Multiplier

61

Radiosity Rendering

Radiosity

Subdivide

.
Modifier

62

Materializing objects

63

.Material Editor

Compound Material

Compound Material

Simple Material

Simple Material

Simple Map

Compound Map

Simple Map

Simple Map

Simple Map

Compound Map

Map

Maps

Maps

.Maps

Maps

.Material & Map Editor

Maps

64

65

.Edit Poly

Preview

Assign Material To Selection

Chamfer

.




.

65

66

Get Material

to Scene
Put Material

.

Map Instance

Map



Put to Library

.Make Unique

Show Map in Viewport

Map





Show Map in View Port

Navigator

Bug

.Texture Correction

Maps
Show End Result

Maps

Modify

End Result

Go to Parent

Map

.Map

Go Foreword to Sibling

5 .
-

Show End Result

Pick Material from Object

67

 Maps

Map

Map

Bitmap

Empty Slot
Map
None

V U

Tiling

Offset
.

Mirror

... .

Mirror

Mirror

Angle
45 .

Apply
Cropping View Image

.
-

Output Rollout

Invert

68

 Maps

UVW Map

69

 UVW Map Modifier

Maps


Tiling

UVW Map Modifier

.Modifier
Tiling

Gizmo

Mapping

Poly Select Modifier

UVW Map Modifier

.Poly Select

70

Get Material

Material/Map

Browser

Browse From Mtl.Library

Open

mat
.

Save

.Put to Library

Browse
From Scene

71

Maps

.IES
Photometric Lights

Resource Collection

.
Utilities Panel -
More Resource
.Collector

.

Browse

Collect
Bitmaps
/

Photometric Files

Include MAX File

Compress

.
-

.Begin

72

Rendering final shots

71

 Render Scene

Render

F10 Scene

Single

Active Time Segment

Range

Frames

Frames .
-

Output Size Group

Resolution

Safe Frame

Options

2-Sided
.Effects
Render Output
Files

72

Map
.

Environment and Effects Render

Environment 2

Viewport Background
Views

.Display Background Background

Use Environment

Drag


.Instance

Offset

Spherical Environment

HDRI .

73

 Scene States Batch Rendering

Rendering

Batch
Render Scene
Render .Batch Render

Camera
Add

Manage Scene States Scene States

Quad Menu

3ds Max

Save

States

.

Batch Render
Scene State

Render

State

Batch Render .

74

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Render Setup Dialog

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lnteractflle Panorama Exporter Common Paf&neters

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W..h.

512>256

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1024><512

1536x768 j

2().48><1024

3072<15

768<38

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Asset Browser

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Camera Match

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Color Clipboard

Advanced Lighting

Measure

Use Advanced lighting

Motion Capture

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S!ve File

Reset XForm

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MAXScript

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Detd Scanllne Renderer

Options
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P' Alio-Reflect/Ref ract and Min01s

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Wire Thicknes.s:

Panorama Exporter
Render...

Cancel

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Viewer...

Animating objects

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3ds Max

3
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30

Track Bar

100
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Time Slider
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Key

Time 1 Key 1
Time 2 Key 2

78

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Time Configuration

Animation

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Frame
Rate

Second FPS
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Frame per

NTSC

25 FPS .

PAL
Film 24 -

Custom

Length
NTSC

.30 FPS

FPS 40

12

30

Frames

25 30 Length 750 = 25
.

Rescale Time 5

Rescale

Animation

10 .

80

Auto Key

0/100

Play .

50/100

80/100

20/100

100/100

Rotate Scale

Auto

Animation

Key

20
50

80

100

81

Command

Panel

Trajectories .

.
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Motion

Sub-Object
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Add Key

Motion

Delete Key

Parameters In

Out .

82

Create Shapes Lines

Motion Parameters Assign Controller Rollout

Position

Path Constraint Path Parameters Rollout Add
Play
Path

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Bank
Path Parameters

Follow
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Constant Velocity

Trajectories Start Time End Time

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Collapse

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Targeted Camera
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(2
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Trajectories

200
(4 0

250 500 ...250 200

83

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Curve Editor

Curve Editor

Curve Editor


Graph Editors Track View Curve Editor
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Move Keys .

Add Keys .

Slide Keys

Draw Curves

Show All Tangents

Parameters Curve Out-Of-Range -

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85

86

87

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