A
F

(
-( )
$
0
(
%
D

4 %'

$ +,

(>

0&

&

%
D

(
-( )

$ +,

<

<:;
9:8
%
&
1
(
7 1(
6- %'
%&
/'
(
3

0 &5
/
-4

2%

(1
&'

/0 (
$

$
-/0 =
'

(1
3

0%

/
-4
@< J

&

$,

%
%&
1+
7(
(>

-&
/

<
0

0
-

+
(
.
'
(
1*+
$3
+
(
0 *+
#
<
9

1(

<%
$
-

(
-( )

%
'

(
1

$%

6
4,
0)
(
*+

-(
/
(

+
/%
'

'

0%
-4 )
%

0
74 %
/
# &'

<
,

(1
3

0,
4$
0
/

/
-4
?<@

+
(
-'
F
%,
4 H
%
%

-=
0
K<
0

>

$%
&'
&
0$ +,

%&

$3
0)
-

6%

(>
/ D,
'
&

,
'

0,
0

%&

$%
$

0<

,'

C(
B

&

G%

(>
/ D,
&

'

,
%

0,
0

'

%&

$%
$

&
,

%'F
1,
'

$4 5

E,

-4

0<

"

-(
-'
$ +,
%

%&'

%(

*)

'

$%

#$

r=0






!




 


k=0

1
.
1r
|r| < 1
r

rk =

n
0! = 1

k=0

xnr y r .
n  
X
n

n
n!

b b2 4ac
x=
2a

1 rn
.
1r
rk = 1 + r + r2 + r3 + + rn =
n
X

n(n 1) 2
n!
x + ... +
xr + . . .
2!
(n r)!r!
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx +

n!

n
n

nn en

2 = lim
ax2 + bx + c = 0
a 6= 0

n>0
|x| < 1
|x| = 1

*
A
Y

-< (
<
<

ZYX

0Y
<
$

%
&

Q
RS >
Q
OPQ

'
$%
0 H

N- >

B
,

7R >
%
,

W+

/
-

0(
M
1,

(=

-/ (V
$

UT
?N
K

/ &'
0*
M

<D

&

N>

0
/
'
&'

'

M,

0$L

0
%&

-=

<
P

&

$%

$%

(x)

0$

2
/
(

'

&

/A

(
I
(

/(

*+

-(

%
0$ )
1

%
-)

#&

<%

'

$%
(

1
$

&

%&

0'

-(
&

$ 1%

>

$
(

,
-)

%&'

&

%&

0'

-(
&

$ 1%

- +,1

$%

'%

$
(

.1

%&'

&

%&

0'

-(
&

$ 1%

- +,1

$%

'%

%*

,1

,'

-+

>

%&

0 '+
%&

'

$%

(y)

A (B C) = (A B) C = B (C A) = (B C) A =
C (A B) = (C A) B
A (B C) = (C B) A = (A C)B (A B)C
A (B C) + B (C A) + C (A B) = 0

$%

(x y)

(A B) (C D) = (A C)(B D) (A D)(B C)

$%

&

(x) cos(y) = cos(x y) cos(x + y)

(A B) (C D) = (A B D)C (A B C)D

2 cos(x) cos(y) = cos(x + y) + cos(x y)

$%

&

&

$%

(2x) = 2

(f g) = (gf ) = f g + gf

(x) cos(x)
&

(f A) = f A + A f
*

-< (

<

<
?
J

ZYX

0Y

<

'
$%
0 H

N- >

B
,

7R >
%

W+

&

0(

M
1,

(=

-/ (V

RS >

OPQ

UT

?N

/ &'

0*

<D

(f A) = f A + A f

2 (x)

$%

&

N>

/
'

'

&'

M,

0$L

cos2 (x)
-

cos(2x) =

>
$ 1%

$%

(x)

&

(y)

&

(x + y) +

&

&

$%

$%

(x) cos(y) =

&

$%

&

< 1O

&

+
$%

(x) cos(y) cos(x)

&

&

$%

(x y) =

-'

0
,

,H

4$

&

$%

-+

$
*

(1+

%
0$ H

-#

<

9
I

-'

0 %&

$,

0$ *


+ cos2 (x) = 1

Ax Ay
Az
+
+
.
x
y
z








rot A = A =  /x /y /z 
 Ax
Ay
Az 

hn n
f (x + h),
n!

cos(x y) = cos(x) cos(y)

,
-)

hn1 n1
h2
f (x) + +
f
(x) + Rn ,
2!
(n 1)!

%Q

-'

$%

$ +,
<@

2 (x)

div A = A =
/

$,
1

Rn =

(1

= f (x) + hf (x) +

hk k
f (x) + Rn
k!

k=0

0
,

- 1+,

#$

'

<%

$
(

&'

,
- I

/(

-=

<

n1
X

f (x + h) =

-(

- .&

$ +,

0%
-E )

+
+
.
x
y
z

grad = =

(x, y, z)

4(

- D(

$/ %

$3

/ %&

$3

$
(

0*

$
%*

'

$%

0( H
1

#
&

%&

(+

0 %&

%(
1
-)

k=1

n2 (n + 1)2
4

k 3 = 13 + 23 + 33 + + n 3 =

k=1
n
X

n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6

<

k 2 = 12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 =

eix = cos(x) + i

k=1
n
X

cos(x) = 1/2 (eix + eix )

n(n + 1)
k = 1 + 2 + 3 + + n =
2

&

n
X

(x) = 1/2 i(eix eix )

C (+

&

%
0$ H

<0

02 F%&
&

$ 1%

,
- ,1
V
[

()) +

&

$%

&

&

$%

$%

1 2
1

(r Ar ) +
(A
r 2 r
r
()

A =

A
()

C
%

'

$%

1T

&

0(

<

&

$ 1%

,
- ,1
V

02 F%&

(f ) =

1 f
,
r

(f ) =

&

f
,
r

(f )r =

$%

(A B) = B ( A) A ( B)
(A B) = A( B) B( A) + (B )A (A )B
A ( B) = (B) A A B
(A B) = A ( B) + B ( A) + (A )B + (B )A
2 f = f
2 A = ( A) ( A)
f = 0
A = 0

f
()

%&

%&

(+

0 '+

0$

2
1

0 %&

$,
+

0 *(+

<

9Q

C (+

&

+1

,'

&

C,

<

02 F%&
&

$ 1%

,
- ,1
V

2
R

%
0$ H

<0

0&
(

$ 1%

-1
,V

(
[

X
[

1
1 A Az
(rAr ) +
+
r r
r
z

A=

( A) =

C,
,'

&

+1
R

( A) =

<

0&
(

$ 1%

-1
,V

( A)r =





&

$,

N1

1'

>

>

,
-)

0
+*

+&

&I

4%

0W

#$

<

9
O

9S

<

<

&

$,

N1
;

9 8
:

( A)z =

( A) =

A
1 Ar

,
r
z
Az
Ar

,
z
r
1
1 Ar
(rA )
r r
r

&

f
z

$%

(f )z =

&

1 f
,
r

$%

(f ) =

&

f
,
r

$%

'

(f )r =

$%

&

$%

1T

&

+1

0(

<

0&
(

$ 1%

-1
,V

A
1
(A ())
,
()
r
()
Ar
1
1

(rA ),
r
()
r r
1
1 Ar
(rA )
r r
r
1

( A)r =

<

0W

U
+&

&I

'

'

&'

2,

0$L
(

$+

N>

<

<

-< (

<

<
J

ZYX

0Y

<

'
$%
0 H

N- >

B
,

7R >
%

W+

&

0(

M
1,

(=

RS >

OPQ

-/ (V

UT

?N

/ &'

0*

<D

&

N>

/
'

'

&'

M,

0$L
\