Contents

Introduction Block diagram Block diagram description Design

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Introduction

Our project provides great tracking and security applications. Detects the object and displays its distance from sensor on LCD display. Ultrasonic trans-receiver is used to detect the object. This project is a demo version and is a small step towards the tracking system.

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Block diagram

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Block Diagram description

Two ultrasonic sensors are mounted on a rotating dish antenna which can move north, south and east, west direction. Two stepper motors of 1.8 degree step angle are used for this purpose. Stepper motor card provides current amplification to provide proper current level for stepper motor. Stepper motor driving card is a set of 8 pair Darlington pair transistor for current amplification.

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Block diagram (contd)

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Block Diagram description

Transmitter section transmits pulses at a particular frequency and its also connected to a bi-stable multivibrator. Bi-stable multivibrator enables the counter and unit is switched to reception. If an echo is received counter stops counting and converts counting pulses into length and displays on LCD.
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Power Supply Circuit Diagram

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Design

Power supply design

1. Step down transformer
1.1 Size of core 1.2 Turns per volt

2. Rectifier circuit
2.1 DC o/p voltage at rectifier o/p 2.2 PIV rating of diode
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Design (contd)
3. Filter capacitor
3.1 Value of capacitor
3.2 Voltage rating of capacitor

4. IC 7805 (voltage regulator IC)

4.1 o/p dc voltage = 5v 4.2 maximum i/p voltage= 35v 4.3 ripple rejection = 66-80dB

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Design (contd)

Design of Darlington pair transistors

RL=75ohm Vcc=+12v Ic(max)=160mA Selection of transistor T1=BC 547 Selection of transistor T2=BD 139 Value of resistances R1-R4=2.68Kohm

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Thank You!

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