SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN

(MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM)

Raymond McLeod,Jr

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 SISTEM Sekelompok Elemen yang
terintegrasi dengan maksud
yang sama untuk mencapai
suatu tujuan

INFORMASI Data yang telah diolah /

memiliki arti

MAnajemen Kumpulan aktivitas (Planning,

Organazing, Commanding,
Coordinating dan Controlling)-
>Henry FAyol
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 TUGAS MANAJER

Manusia Manajer
Informasi/Data

Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas)

Uang
MAterial

SD. FISIK SD. KONSEPTUAL

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 MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA

Manusia Uang
Informasi/Data
Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas) MAterial

MANAJEMEN MANAJEMEN
SUMBER DAYA INFORMASI

Memperoleh,Menyusun,memaksimalkan,Mengganti
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 FAKTOR M'PENGARUHI
PERHATIAN PADA MANAJEMEN
INFORMASI
1. Kompleksitas Kegiatan Bisnis
• Pengaruh ekonomi Internasional
• Persaingan Dunia
• Kompleksitas Teknologi Meningkat
• Batas Waktu Singkat
• Kendala Sosial
2. KEmampuan Komputer
• Ukuran
• Kecepatan
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 PENGGUNA MANAJEMEN
INFORMASI

• Manajer
• Non Manajer
• Orang dan organisasi dalam perusahaan

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 MANAGER DAPAT DITEMUKAN PADA
SETIAP LEVEL DAN AREa
FUNGSIONAL PERUSAHAAN
Strategic planning level

Management Control Level

Operational Control
Level

Finance Human Information Manufacturing Marketing

Function Resources Services Function Function
Function Function
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 PENGARUH LEVEL MANAJEMEN
PADA SUMBER DAN BENTUK
INFORMASI

Strategic planning level Environmental

Management control level
Operational control level Internal

Strategic planning level Summary

Management control level
Operational control level Detail

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 FUNGSI MANAJEMEN
HENRY FAYOL
Strategic Management Operational
Planning Level Control Level Control Level

Plan Organize Direct

Direct Plan Control
Control
Staff Staff Staff
Control Organize
Organize Direct Plan

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 FUNGSI MANAJEMEN MINTZBERG

 Interpersonal roles  Decisional roles

– Figurehead – Entrepreneur
– Leader – Disturbance handler
– Liaison – Resource allocator
– Negotiator
• Informational roles
– Monitor
– Disseminator
– Spoke sperson

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 KEAHLIAN MANAJEMEN

KOMUNIKASI
Komunikasi dgn bawahan,atasan,sesama manager
dan orang luar

PEMECAHAN MASALAH
Dengan membuat perubahan pada operasional
prsh -> tercapai tujuan

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 Computer Reports

Noncomputer reports

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Letters & Memos

Electronic mail Written Media

Internal Sources

Periodicals

Problem Solving
Scheduled Meetings

Unscheduled Meetings

Telephone

Voice Mail
PEMECAHAN MASALAH

Oral Media

Tours
External Sources
BENTUK & SUMBER INFORMASI

Business Meals
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 PENGETAHUAN MANAJEMEN

COMPUTER LITERACY
Pengetahuan mengenai komputer
(istilah,keunggulan & kelemahan, menggunakan
dll)

INFORMATION LITERACY
Pengetahuan mengenai informasi (bagaimana
menggunakan, memperoleh, membagi)

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 KOMPONEN SISTEM
Bagian2 Sistem yg dpt Mengendalikan
Operasinya Sendiri

Objectives

Control
mechanism

Input Transformation Output

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 Open-Loop System

Input Transformation Output

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 OPEN VS CLOSED SYSTEMS

• Open system
– Terhubung dengan lingkungannya melalui arus
sumber (input)
Cth : Sistem pemanas mendpt input dari PLN

• Closed system
– Tidak terhubung dengan lingkungannya
Cth : sistem di lab. nuklir

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 SISTEM
DAPAT BERUPA SUBSISTEM / ELEMEN
System

Subsystem A Subsystem B Elemental

part C

Subsystem A-1 Subsystem B-1

Subsystem A-2 Subsystem B-2

Elemental
Subsystem A-3
part B1 17
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 PHYSICAL and CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS

• Physical system
– The business firm
– Composed of physical resources
• Conceptual system
– Represents a physical system
– Uses conceptual resources
• Information
• Data

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 A SYSTEMS VIEW
• Business operations are embedded within a larger
environmental setting
– Mencegah manajer tersesat dalam kerumitan
struktur organisasi dan rincian pekerjaan (Reduces
complexity)
– Menyadari perlunya memiliki tujuan-tujuan yang
baik (Requires good objectives)
– Menekankan pentingnya kerjasama dari semua
bagian dalam organisasi (Emphasizes working
together)
– Mengakui keterkaitan organisasi dengan
lingkungannya (Acknowledges interconnections)
– Memberi penilaian yg tinggi pada informasi umpan19
balik (Values feedback)
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 DATA and INFORMATION

• Information processor
– Key element in the conceptual system
– Computer
– Noncomputer
– Combination
• Data is the raw material transformed
into information

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 EVOLUTION of THE CBIS
• Data Processing (DP)
• Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964
– IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and
terminals
• Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971
– Text book’s distinction:
• MIS: Organizational/group - general
• DSS: Individual - specific
• Office Automation (OA) 1964
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) 1990s
– Heavy investment by businesses

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 THE CBIS MODEL
Computer-based
Information System
(CBIS)

Problem Accounting
Information System

Decisions Information Management

Information System

Decision Support
Systems

Problem
Solution The Virtual
Office

Knowledge-based
Systems
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 DATABASE

Kumpulan data komputer yang

terintegrasi, diatur dan disimpan menurut
suatu cara yang memudahkan
pengambilan kembali

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 TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHAIN

Database
Administrator

Systems Operator
User Analyst Programmer Computer

Network
Specialist

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 END-USER COMPUTING (EUC)

• Pengembangan seluruh atau

sebagian sistem berbasis
komputer oleh para pemakai.

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 END-USER COMPUTING (EUC)

• End-user computing
– Development of all or part of applications
– Information specialists act as consultants
• Stimulants to EUC
– Meningkatnya pengetahuan tentang komputer
(Increased computer literacy)
– Antrian jasa informasi (IS backlog)
– Perangkat keras yg murah - Low-cost hardware (the
PC)
– Perangkat lunak jadi - Prewritten software
(electronic spreadsheets)
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 IS and EUC
The End-User Computing
Communication Chain

Information
Specialists

Support

Communication

User Computer
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 Justifying the CBIS

• Justify in the same manner as any other large

investment
• Economic
– Cost reduction
– Reduced inventory investment
– Increased productivity (CAD/CAM)
• Noneconomic
– Perceived value

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 Achieving the CBIS

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 Reengineering the CBIS

• Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

– Reworking systems
– Good system features retained
– Becoming development methodology of
choice

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 Roles Played by the Manager
and by the Information Specialist
Phase Manager Information Specialist

Planning Define problem Support

Analysis Control System Study

Design Control Design system

Implementation Control Implement system

Use Control Make available

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 Summary

• Information is one of five main resources

• Computer output used by managers and
nonmanagers
• A system is an integration of elements working
toward an objective
– Physical
– Conceptual
• Data vs. Information

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 Summary [cont.]

• CBIS composed of various components

– AIS
– MIS
– DSS
– Virtual office
– Knowledge-based systems
• End-user computing trends
• CBIS development

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