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General Case:
B is the magnetic field, in teslas, at any point on the axis of the solenoid. The direction of the field is parallel to the solenoid axis. is the permeability constant (1.26x10-6 Tm/A, 1.26x10-4 Tcm/A or 4.95x10-5 Tin/A, for coils measured in meters, centimeters and inches, respectively) i is the current in the wire, in amperes. n is the number of turns of wire per unit length in the solenoid. r1 is the inside radius of the solenoid. r2 is the outside radius of the solenoid. x1 and x2 are the distances, on axis, from the ends of the solenoid to the magnetic field measurement point. Note that the units of length may be meters, centimeters or
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inches (or furlongs, for that matter), as long as the correct value of the permeability constant is used.
where
and P is the total power consumed by the coil, in watts. is equal to (total conductor cross section area)/(total coil cross section area), which ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 in typical coils. is the conductor resistivity, in units of ohms-length. The length units must match those of r1. The magnetic field measurement point is at the center of the solenoid.
...or
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Note that G is maximum when and . A coil built with a given inner diameter and input power will deliver the highest central field strength when these conditions are met.
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