ARE YOU INTERESTED in knowing what the religion of Islam is all

about? Its view of God and man’s relationship to Him? The role of
Mohammed (peace be upon him) and the other prophets, and how it
regards Jesus? What it has to say about morals, society,
government, women and many other matters? How Muslims feel
about various aspects of life, how they worship, and how Muslims
living in the West practice their religion? What is the place of
Islam in the contemporary world, and what is happening in Muslim
countries at this crucial stage in history?

THE BOOK “WHAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ISLAM AND

MUSLIMS” addresses itself to these and a host of other
questions and issues. Written by American Muslim, it pres ents a
brief yet comprehensive survey of the basic teachings of Islam
for the western reader, with particular emphasis on the
significance of Islam’s central concepts, faith in and submission to
God.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Suzanne Haneef was a devout Christian during

her girlhood, she later discovered Islam through contact with
Muslims and extensive reading. She is active in the field of Islamic
education and widely traveled in the Muslim world. The book
“WHAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT ISLAM AND
MUSLIMS” is the outgrowth of her years of studying and living
Islam.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A Word to the Reader

SECTION ONE: BELIEFS AND WORSHIPS

Beliefs
I. The Islamic Creed
II. The Islamic View of Reality
III. The Articles of Faith
 1. God (Allah)
2. The Angels
3. The Revealed Scriptures
4. The Messengers of God
5. The Hereafter
6. The Divine Decree
Acts of Worship
1. Declaration of Faith ( Shahaadat)
2. Prayer (Salaat)
3. Fasting (Sawm)
4. Poor-Due (Zakaat)
5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)

SECTION TWO: VALUES AND MORALS

Islamic Values and Qualities: The Islamic Pers onality
Islamic Morals and Behavior

SECTION THREE: THE COLLECTIVE ASPECT

Islam in Society
Islam and the Muslim World

SECTION FOUR: THE ISLAMIC WAY OF LIFE

The Performance of the Acts of Worship
1. Salaat
2. Sawm
3. Zakaat

Islamic Festivals and Observances

1. ‘Eid al-Fitr (the Festival of Fast -Breaking)
2. ‘Eid al-Azha (the Festival of Sacrifice)
Family Life
1. Marriage and the Roles of Husband and Wife
2. Parent-Child Relations
3. Relations with Relatives
Relations Between the Sexes
Daily Life
1. Work and Striving
2. Knowledge
 3. Money and Possessions
4. Food and Eating
5. Dress
Human Relationships
1. Relations with Jews
2. Relations with Christians

Conclusion

Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Raheem

In the name of God, the Merciful, the Mercy -Giving

A WORD TO THE READER

Perhaps you have been hearing a lot about Islam and Muslims in
the news and are interested in knowing, justifiably, just what this
religion is all about. Or perhaps you know some Muslims and have been
stirred to curiosity about the faith they profess. Or perhaps someone
you know, maybe even someone in your own family, has decided to
embrace Islam. If so, this book is meant for you. Its purpose is to set
forth the Islamic concepts and beliefs in a clear, understandable
manner and then to give you an idea about how Muslims are supposed to
live. In short, it presents a summary of the Islamic beliefs, ways of
worship, qualities, values, morals, standards of conduct, and, in concrete
and practical terms, the Islamic way of life.

I think you will agree with me that a religion which does not
demand anything of its followers, or which leaves those who have newly
entered into it more or less where they were before they embraced it,
is an ineffective religion, a mere set of “beliefs” or rituals which does
not affect the conduct of living. Islam doe s not fit this description. For
Islam is not a mere belief -system, an ideology or a religion in the usual
sense in which these words are understood. Rather it is a total way of
life, a complete system governing all aspects of man’s existence, both
individual and collective. It is in fact a religion which, as I hope to
demonstrate in the course of this book, frees the human being from
domination by his material and animal aspects, and makes him truly
human.

The meaning of the word Islam is “submission” and “peace”. In the

course of making an individual muslim — that is, one who is in a state of
Islam or submission to the One True God — Islam profoundly affects
his thinking and behavior. Indeed, there is no aspect of a person’s life,
nor of the life of the society which is made up of such people, which it
does not touch and transform in keeping with its basic concept, that of
the Lordship and Sovereignty of God and man’s responsibility to Him.
Islam’s first requirement is belief and its sec ond action. Out of its
concepts and beliefs, a certain attitude toward life, toward one’s own
self, toward other human beings, toward the universe; a certain kind of
personality; a distinctive type of human interaction; a particular mode
of worship, of family life, manners, living habits and so on in relation to
all aspects of life, takes its development.

We live in an age of tremendous upheaval and uncertainty. People

everywhere are groping anxiously for something that can save humanity,
which has lost its way and is on the brink of unprecedented disaster. It
may be true that today we live in an era of the ultimate in material
civilization and progress, but in the realm of values and morals mankind
appears to be close to bankruptcy. In the Islamic view, t hese problems
are fundamentally of a spiritual nature, the result of man’s having lost
sight of who he is in relation to himself, to other human beings, and
above all to God, in Whom being itself, and all human relationships,
originate. And until he is abl e to find meaningful and correct answers to
the ultimate questions, and solutions to his problems which are
compatible with the fundamental realities of existence and his own
nature, his life will remain adrift without a base and without a
direction, his personality will be distorted and fragmented, his human
nature abused by permitting its animal part to dominate, and his
societies full of overwhelming problems.

Islam claims to provide such answers and solutions, ones, which are
compatible with reason, lo gic, the realities of the physical universe, and
with human nature itself. For Islam is, above all, a view of the total
Reality, encompassing the existence and attributes of the Creator,
man’s relationship with Him, his role and purpose in this world, and the
relationship between this life and the life of the Hereafter, which puts
all that exists into proper perspective and gives balance and direction
to the life of human beings and their societies.

However, Islam is so little known and understood in the W estern

world that to many people, especially in America, it is simply another
strange religious cult or sect, Allah is some sort of a heathen deity,
Mohammed is someone who is worshipped by hordes of pagans overseas,
and Muslims are either militant sword -wielding Bedouins mounted on
camels, fanatical men of religion with long robes and beards, or rich,
decadent playboys. Indeed, Islam has been so gravely misunderstood
and misrepresented in the West that many people in America and
Europe think of it as an en emy to any sort of stability, peace and
progress; they mistrust it, fear it and regard it as a dire threat
without as a rule knowing anything about it other than what the popular
media convey, which almost invariably reflects grave inaccuracies and
errors. As these lines are written, the media are full of such “news” and
views about Islam and Muslims; daily one can hear or read item after
item on the subject. Virtually without exception these misrepresent not
only the details of the Islamic system and the m otivations and
characters of sincere Muslims, but also fundamental concepts and
teachings of the religion. They are often so gravely distorted that,
indeed, a Muslim who encounters them may not even be able to
recognize that they are concerned with the rel igion he has known and
practiced all his life. The Western world today is full of “experts” on
Islam who consider themselves far more knowledgeable about it than
the Muslims who are living it day -by-day, but who seldom if ever take
the trouble to understan d Islam, especially its central world -view and
basic concepts, on a deeper level.

Why is all this so? First, it is due in part to the legacy of history.
Islam and Christendom confronted each other as enemies during the
Crusades and afterwards, and the pro paganda against the enemy and its
beliefs and way of life which is common during times of conflicts,
whether it is true or false, has never yet been laid to rest in the
Western world. Second, it is partly due to the confused and distorted
picture of Islam which the behavior of many Muslims, those who
profess this faith but do not live by it, often doing everything which it
does not permit and doing nothing which it requires, very unfortunately
presents. It is also due in part to the fact that many people in the
Western world think of any religious system in terms of Christian
concepts and values, or in terms of the concepts of Western
civilization, which do not necessarily fit with or apply to Islam. And
finally, it is also undoubtedly due to the fact that m any people in the
West, particularly in America, have such an unquestioning conviction of
the innate superiority and rightness of the American or Western way
of life that they do not consider it necessary or important to be
accurately informed about others ’ viewpoints and ways of life. To many
of us Muslims remain, undifferentiatedly, “those people over there,”
whose only possible utility or interest is in relation to whether or not
they will sell us the oil we need or boost our economy by buying our
goods. We often regard them, with secret satisfaction in our own
superiority as the advanced people of the West, as simple, child -like
beings whose world-view must ipso facto be wrong because ours is right.

All too few people in the Western world realize that the followers
of Islam constitute the second largest religious community in the world
today (the first being Christianity). It is the faith professed by nearly
eight hundred million people living in every part of th e globe, including
the countries of the West, with the largest numbers concentrated in
the region between North Africa and Malaysia. Hence, if for no reason
other than its tremendous relevance to the contemporary world, Islam
and its followers surely deser ve to be represented accurately and
understood correctly by anyone who desires to be well -informed and
aware. In addition, since today there are large numbers of people who
profess Islam, both foreign -born Muslims and Western converts, living
in America and in Europe where Islam is the second largest religious
community at the present time, Islam also deserves to be known and
understood correctly as a faith which increasingly has more and more
relevance to the religious community of the Western world.

I would like, therefore, to request the reader, for the sake of

fairness and objectivity as he approaches this brief study of Islam, to
try his best to clear his mind of any preconceptions he may have about
Islam, whether these have been gathered from the news , movies or
television programs, from newspaper or magazine articles, or simply the
vague, piece-meal picture of Islam and Muslims which one somehow
picks up from here and there, or any combination of these. As a rule
such presentations do not constitute r eliable or authoritative sources
of information about either Islam or Muslims and are, in fact, often the
propagators of misconceptions, fallacies and prejudices rather than of
accurate information. If, therefore, the reader can set aside
temporarily whatever he may have gleaned from such sources
concerning the subject, hopefully when he has finished reading this
book he will be in a much better position to determine what part is
accurate and what part is false and misleading.

In writing this book, I have been all too keenly aware that to
present Islam as it should be presented is at once a great challenge and
almost an overwhelming responsibility. I have undertaken this
responsibility with a great sense of inadequacy for the task, for there
are countless other Muslims who are far better qualified for it both in
terms of their knowledge and their practice of Islam. Nonetheless, to
do so has been felt as a duty. Many books about Islam are available, but
virtually all of them are either by non -Muslim authors who invariably
reflect many blatant distortions and prejudices against Islam or by
Muslims whose writings, although they may portray Islam correctly and
indeed often with great depth and meaningfulness, are not really
geared to a non-Muslim, Western readers hip. Since I have myself, in
the process of coming to an understanding of Islam, gone through the
process of asking and finding answers to the questions which have been
asked, and hopefully answered, in this volume, I have felt an obligation
to share this understanding with others who may be interested in
knowing what Islam is or what it can offer to mankind. It is my earnest
prayer that God will accept this small effort and make it useful for a
better understanding of Islam, the path of peace and submissio n to
Him.

The Author