Konsep 3R
Replacement: mengganti dengan hewan non-sentient atau cell lines Refinement: mengurangi nyeri/penderitaan Reduction: jumlah yang digunakan sesedikit mungkin
Daftar bacaan
1. 2. 3. 4. Pedoman Nasional Etik Penelitian Kesehatan. KNEPK-Balitbangkes,2004 Draft Pedoman Nasional Etik Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan pada Penelitian. KNEPK-Balibangkes, 11 Mei 2005 Principles and Guide to Ethical Use of Laboratory Animals. Institute of Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, 2000. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, 1996 Three Rs-History, National Primate Research Center, California, 2003
5.