: , , 1.

6.

6.1.

, , ,
.

.
,
,
,
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.
:
a) ,
b) ,
c)
,
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g) .

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6.1.1.

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-
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.

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.

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( 6.4)
[Keener, 1973, Dopson, 1973]. ,

10
.
, ,
.
,
(
1 2 bar, 3 bar).

 : , , 1.1

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6.1.2.

,
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, , .
,
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: ,
, .
6

 : , , 1.1

6.5. .

6.5. E
.
.

.
.
1 m .
()
3 5 m.
4 6 m, 1:2,5 1:3,
1:1,5 1:2,5 20 m.
.
,
.

 : , , 1.1

6.6.

,
(, ) ,
.
. ,
3 5
m, 3 - 5 m, 1:2 1:2,5,
1:1 1:2, 15 m.
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) .
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3 m, -
20 m ( ).

8

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,
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.
()
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6 m, 1:3 1:4, 1:2
1:3, 25 m.
()
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,
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:
,
9

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/
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100 1000 ),
,
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10

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()
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(Hmin = 1,6 2 m).
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11

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12

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13

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. , ,
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.
100 m.
,

. 1:20 1:50,
,
, . 6.11

[Modeling, 2008].

6.11.
, ,
. ,

. 6.11.
,
.

14

 : , , 1.1

4.11..

6.1.5.

. -
( )
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).
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pH 5) .
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15

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()
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"".
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16

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()
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.

6.13.
.
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.
17

 : , , 1.1

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6.15.

6.15.
6.16.

6.16.
18

 : , , 1.1

(
) , ,
. - ,
,
.
, 2-3 m .

. (
) .
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19

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() ()
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20

 : , , 1.1

6.1.6.

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6.1.7. .
,

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(
),
(, , , .)

[, 1980].

6.2.
:

,
21

 : , , 1.1

,
.
()
. 6.18
(), () ()
[, 1991].

6.18. :
a) , ) )

6.2.1.
.
20. [ICOLD, 2001]
. (
22

 : , , 1.1

)
.
,
.
:
.
(
)
( , ,
.).
40-60 %
(
0,060 mm).

,
,


.
3 5 m.
2 3 (
10 m)
,
15 m
[EPA, 1994].

.

.
25 30 m (

23

 : , , 1.1

60 m).
, , 6.19.
, ,
.
a
. (,
, , .)
().

6.19. ,

24

 : , , 1.1

-

6.20.

6.20.

:
,
1/3
25

 : , , 1.1

,
[EPA, 1994],
,
,

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.
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( ) .

.
,
.

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,

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m.

.
,
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6.21.

26

 : , , 1.1

6.21. ,


() .

.

.
,
6.22.
27

 : , , 1.1

6.22.


. , [EPA, 1994]

30 68 %, 45 50 %.
.
60 %
.
,
,
.
:
( 200 m),
,
,
,

.
:

, ,
[EPA, 1994]

28

 : , , 1.1

,

, ,


.

6.2.3.
, ,
.

,

.
,
.
3-5 m.
.
.
.

6.23.

29

 : , , 1.1

6.23.

( TTD,
Thickened Tailing Disposal TTDS
Thickened Tailing Disposal System)

, (EIi Ivan
Robinsky) .
60- ( Kidd Creek Mine,
) 70-
[Robinsky, 1999].
30

 : , , 1.1

6.3.
6.3.1.
, ,
. , ,
, .
.

.
,
.

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:
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31

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32

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33

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. 6.24

[, 1991].

6.24.

.

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,
() .
6.25. -
[Swaisgood, 1973].

34

 : , , 1.1

6.25. -


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,
,
. 6.26

( ,
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.

35

 : , , 1.1

6.26.

6.27.
36

 : , , 1.1

,

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,

.
( ,
,
,
.), 6.28.

6.28.

.


,

.
37

 : , , 1.1

,
.
()
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.

(pH,
, , .).
.

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6.3.2.
:
.


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.
38

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.


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40 70 % . ,
,
-
.
[BC,
1996] .
( )

.
,

. 100
%.
, .
,
.

, ,

, .
.
1
m ,
, [ICOLD 103,
1996]. ,
, .
,
39

 : , , 1.1

, ,
.

:

.

. ICOLD
100 m [ICOLD 74, 1989].
e . "
" 1000 m
[, 2001].


.

[, 1979]
1,0 m. , "Department of minerals and
energy" [WA, 1999]
: ,
.

,
.
6.29.

40

 : , , 1.1

6.29.
"Department of minerals and energy"

, , .
: ,
(
100 ),

, ,
.

[BC, 1996]
0,5
m,
[Rajasthan, -] "
".

41

 : , , 1.1

(
, ) ,
(
) -
.
2-5 m
..
6.3.3.

. ,
.


, .


. ,
,


.

(
) .


.
.
.

42

 : , , 1.1

,

( ).
103 [ICOLD 103, 1996]


.
6.2.
6.2.
, ICOLD 103

10 mg/l
, Pb
0,1 mg/l
, As
0,1 mg/l
, Mn
0,1 mg/l
, Ba
1,0 mg/l
, Hg
0,01 mg/l
, B
1,0 mg/l
, N
10 mg/l
, Cd 1,0 mg/l
, Se
0,01 mg/l

250 mg/l
, Ag
0,05 mg/l
, Cl
0,1 mg/l

250 mg/l
(.), Cr 0,1 mg/l
, S
1,0 mg/l
, , Cr6+
0,05 mg/l
, Zn
5 mg/l
, Cu
1,0 mg/l
pH
69
, CN
0,1 mg/l
HPK
< 75 mg/l
, F
1,0 mg/l
,
< 500 mg/l
, Fe
0,3 mg/l
.
< 500 -1
[Wbank, 1995] , ,
.
6.3.
6.3

1 mg/l
,
1 mg/l
,
0,3 mg/l

0,1 mg/l
5
50 mg/l

0,5 mg/l
,
0,1 mg/l

0,6 mg/l
43

 : , , 1.1

,
,

1 mg/l
1 mg/l
2,0 mg/l
0,05 mg/l

pH
, .

69
50 mg/l
20 mg/l
0,002 mg/l

6.4.
6.4

,
[, 2003]
[o, 2001] [, 2004]
pH
11,44
7,4-8,1
6,1-6,5
N, mg/l
0,450
5,7-15,4
0,2-0,3
N, mg/l
0,012
0,076-0,225
0
, mg/l
< 0,050
0,925-1,409
0,11-0,42
, mg/l
10,0
7-10
23,5-25,6
, mg/l
0,3
0,260-1,356
0,52-0,84
KMnO3, mg/l 46
7,9-20,86
26,4-28,7
, mg/l
1,14
0,171-0,252
1,433-1,852
, mg/l
0,026
0,075-0,291
, mg/l
64,98
143-304
181-224
, mg/l
0,02
0
, mg/l
0,227
0,08-0,32
0
CrO, , mg/l
0,003
0
,
2420
316-896
353-440
mg/l
, mg/l
62
10-21
137-169
, mg/l
8,46
8,3-17,3
6,40
2 5 , mg/l
7,97
BPK5, mg/l
0,49
3,6-18
12,8-13,6
HPK, mg/l
17,89
8,3-18
69-72
Cu, mg/l
0,315
0,013-0,097
0,279-0,356
Pb, mg/l
< 0,010
0,002-0,016
0
Cd, mg/l
0,001
0,001-0,003
Zn, mg/l
0,029
0,063-0,211
1,95-2,612
Ni, mg/l
0,013
0,008-0,015
0

44

 : , , 1.1

6.3.4.

, ,
.
(
, ,
.)
,
.
6.3.5.
,
, ,
.

. ,
, ( 6.30)
:

6.30. (=)
45

 : , , 1.1

Vhm + Vsl . p. + V p + V ps + V prsk . = V pov . + Vzrb + Vdren + V prov + V g . pdz . + Vevapo. + Vtj
:

- , m3
.. - , m3

- , m3

- ,
++, m3
-
, m3
. - , m3
- , m3
. - , m3
. - , m3
.. - , m3
- , m3

- , m3
( )
.

. ,



.
, :
Vhm + Vsl . p. = V pov . + Vzrb + Vtj
,
:
Vhm + Vsl . p. = V pov . + Vzrb
46

 : , , 1.1

. ,
,
. -
.
:
Vhm = V pov . + Vzrb
, (. )
, ,
.
,
,
, , .
10 40 % ( 20 %)
() . ,

10 40 %
. , ,
, , .
, ,
,
, .

. (,
, ) .
(Bear Creek),
, , 6.31 [Kuhnhausen, 1978].

47

 : , , 1.1

6.31. Bear Creek ()

.

5-7,5 % , (
10-8 10-10 m/s)
.

, ,
, . 6.32
[Tielens, 1978]

48

 : , , 1.1

6.32.

.

.
" " (Tranque Talabre)
6.33 [Wels, 2003]

6.33. " "

20%
.
49

 : , , 1.1

,
.
:
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.

13.
14.
15.
16.

[BC, 1996] Province of British Columbia, (1996), Guidelines for Assessing the
Design, Size and Operation of Sedimentation Ponds used in Mining, Province of
British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Williams lake
[Dopson, 1973] Dopson W.G., McGregor D., Magma copper companys San manual
no. 10 tailing dam: design, construction and operation, Tailing disposal today, Proc. Of
the 1st Int. Tailing symp., Tucson, Arizona, 1972, Miller Freeman Publicitation, 1973,
pp.283-295
[EPA, 1994] Design and evaluation of tailings dams, technical report, US
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, EPA530-R-94-038, August 1994,
[ICOLD 74, 1989] ICOLD, (1989), Tailing dam safety; guidelines, Bulletin 74, Paris
[ICOLD 103, 1996] ICOLD, (1996), Tailing dam and environment; review and
recommendations, Bulletin 103, Paris
[ICOLD, 1996] ICOLD, (1996), Tailing dam and environment; review and
recommendations, Bulletin 103, Paris
[ICOLD, 2001] ICOLD, UNEP, (2001), Tailings dams risk of dangerous
occurrences; Lessons learnt from practical experiences, Bulletin 121, Paris
[, 1980]
, .5.020, , . 25/80, , 1980.
[Keener, 1973] Keener W.H., Tailing disposal practice at the Tyrone branch of Phelps
Dodge corporation, Tailing disposal today, Proc. Of the 1st Int. Tailing symp.,
Tucson, Arizona, 1972, Miller Freeman Publicitation, 1973, pp.224-231
[, 1991] . , . : "
", XIII
, :
, ,
1991., . 213-218
[, 1991] . : "
", IV ,
: - , 1991., . 123-128
[Kneevi, 1995] D. Kneevi, Z. Markovi, P. Dimitrijevi, N. Radoevi: "Design
and Construction of flotation tailing disposal illustrated on example of Veliki Krivelj
tailing disposal", Zbornik radova 6th Balkan Conference on Mineral Processing, Ohrid
(Makedonija), 1995. pp. 242-246
[, 2001] 2000. 2001..

[Kuhnhausen, 1978] Kuhnhausen G.H., (1978), Tailings disposal at Bear Creek

Uranium project, zbornik radova 2nd Inter. tailing symp. Tailing disposal Today,
pp.109-124, Miller Freeman publications, ltd., San Francisco
[Modeling,
2008]
Appendix
J.
Tailings
deposition
odeling
i:\07\81694\0400\tailingcelldesign-fnl-06oct08\073-81694-tailingscelldesignrep_fnl06oct08.doc Golder Associates, October 2008
[, 2004]
... ,

50

 : , , 1.1

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

23.
24.
25.
26.

,
1. , 2004.
[, 1979]
( .
36/79)
[Robinsky, 1999] Robinsky E.I., (1999), Thickened tailing disposal in the mining
industry, E.I.Robinsky associates Ltd, Toronto
[Rajasthan,-] Government of Rajasthan, (-), Dam Safety Guidelines, Government of
Rajasthan, Department of irrigation, http://www.rajirrigation.com/safety.htm
[, 2003] ,
, , 2003
[Salati, 2001] Salati D., (2001), Possibility of mineral processing creating a friendly
environment in the Balkan, Zbornik radova IX Balkan mineral processing congress
New developments in mineral processing, Istanbul, pp. 547-554
[Tielens, 1978] Tielens A.J., (1978), New dispolsal system can reduce environmental
problems by eliminating decanting mud ponds for thixotropic mill wastes, zbornik
radova 2nd Inter. tailing symp. Tailing disposal Today, pp.125-133, Miller Freeman
publications, ltd., San Francisco
[WA, 1999] Government of Western Australia, (1999), Guidelines on the safe design
and operating standards for tailings storage,
[WBank, 1995] World bank environmental, health and safety guidelines,
L:/wpeu/guidelns/curent/word6/min_pit.doc, 1995.
[Wels, 2003] Wels C., Robertson MacG. A., (2003), "Conceptuual model for
estimating water recovery in tailings impoundments", 10th Intern. Conf. On Tailings
and Mine Waste, Vail, Colorado, pp. 87-94
[Swaisgood, 1973] Swaisgood J.R., Toland G.C., (1973), The control of water in
talings structure, zbornik radova 1st Inter. tailing symp. Tailing disposal Today,
pp.138-163, Miller Freeman publications, ltd., San Francisco

51