NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

Dhruv Mehta
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• SENSORI-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
• VAST PRE-NATAL EXPERIENCES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY AND
SENSATIONS OF MOVT.
• FETAL MOVTS DISPLAY CLEARLY DEFINED MOTOR
PATTERNS.
• POST-NATAL MOVTS REFLECTION AND CONTINUATION OF
FETAL MOTOR PATTERNS.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• PRE-NATALLY 2 AND HALF MONTHS GRASP REFLEX SEEN,

• AT 3 MONTHS OPENING AND CLOSING OF HANDS
• AT 4 AND HALF MONTHS FETUS THRUSTS AGAINST UTERINE
WALL, JUMPING TO CHANGE POSITION AND DURING PARTURITION
ASSIST THE PROCESS.
• AT 7 MONTHS RECIPROCAL LIMB MOVEMENTS(LOCOMOTOR)
SIMILAR TO WALKING
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• EARLY MOVTS. PRE-FUNCTIONAL,MODIFIED INTO

MATURE MOTOR ACTIONS.
• DEVELOPMENT A GENETICALLY DETERMINED
MATURATIONAL PROCESS,BUT INFANTS
EXPERIENCES AND DEMANDS OF THE
ENVIORNMENT ALSO CONTRIBUTE GREATLY.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• Functional Neuronal Connections Are Optimized By Practice.
• Human Warmth,Challenges,and A Stimulating Environment
Facilitate Development.
• Early Movements Thought Reflexive, but Are Elementary
Motor Patterns Or Primary Motor Patterns.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• FIRST YEAR OF LIFE AND FIRST FEW YEARS ACQUISITION

OF POSTURAL CONTROL AND BALANCE.
• POSTURAL CONTROL MUST OCCUR IN 3 PLANES
.DEVELOPEMENT OF THIS THREE DIMENSIONAL CONTROL
SEEMS TO FOLLOW A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE.
• SAGITTAL PLANE CONTROL
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• FLEXION/EXTENSION CONTROL,CEPHALO-CAUDAL WEIGHT
SHIFT.
• FRONTAL PLANE CONTROL,LATERAL RIGHTING AND
BALANCE.
• TRANSVERSE PLANE CONTROL ROTATION BETWEEN AXIS.
NORMAL DEVELOPMENT.
• DEVELOPMENT THOUGHT TO BE CEPHALO-
CAUDAL,BUT MOTION ANALYSIS SHOWS
THAT CONTROL DEVELOPS
SIMULTANEOUSLY IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF
THE BODY OR A LIMB.
• CONSTANT INTERPALY BETWEEN VARIOUS
BODY SEGMENTS,HEAD CONTROL CAN BE
REFINED ONLY ON THE BASIS OF SOME
TRUNK CONTROL AND SHOULDER GIRDLE
STABILITY.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• CONSTANT INTERPLAY.CEPHALO-
CAUDAL,PROXIMO-DISTAL.
• MASS MOVEMENTS FIRST,CLOSE TO THE
BODY,LATER SELECTIVE AND AWAY FROM
THE BODY.
• FROM ASSOCIATION TO DISASSOCIATION.
• EXPLORATION,FORMATION OF BODY
PERCEPT,DE-SENSITISATION.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• FIRST 3 MONTHS HEAD CONTROL

• PRONE AND SUPINE,
• SYMMETRY,EXTENSION,CHIN
TUCK,HANDS IN MID-
LINE,SHOULDERS OPEN
UP,DISSOCIATION OF HEAD FROM
SHOULDER-GIRDLE /TRUNK.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• 3-6 MONTHS
• IMPROVEMENT AND REFINEMENT OF HEAD
CONTROL.
• SHOULDER GIRDLE STABILITY AND UPPER
TRUNK CONTROL
• SCAPULAR ADDUCTION,SWIMMING IN
PRONE,ACTIVE FLEXION IN SUPINE,PELVIS
DOWN,ROCKING SIDE-TO-SIDE,ROTATIONS
AS CONTROL IN THREE PLANES
DEVELOPING.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• 6-9 MONTHS LOWER
TRUNK CONTROL EQUILIBRIUM RNS
PRESENT IN SITTING,PIVOTING
PRESENT,PRONE TO QUADRUPED,TO
SITTING
SEQUENCES,ROCKING,LATERAL
WEIGHT SHIFT WITH ROTATIONS.HIP-
PELVIC STABILITY IMPROVING.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• 9-12 MONTHS
• GOOD TRUNK
CONTROL,EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS
PRONE,SITTING,QUADRUPED,SITTING
FUNCTIONAL,SITTING TO CRAWL
TRANSITIONS,WEIGHT SHIFTS
FORWARD AND BACKWARD WITH
ROTATIONS.
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT
• 9-12 MONTHS
• KNEELING AND ACTIVE HIP
EXTENSION,PULLS TO STAND,KNEEL-HALF-
KNEEL,LATERAL WEIGHT SHIFT WITH
FORWARD MOVEMENT,CRUISING ,LATER
ECCENTRIC LOWERING,LATER
STANDING,WIDE BASE,HIGH GUARD,WALK
WITH ONE HAND HELD.THEN WEIGHT
SHIFTS IN STANDING,ARMS THEN HAVE
NORMAL DEVELOPEMENT

• RECIPROCATION WITH
LEGS.ROTATION,COUNTER ROTATION
BETWEEN PELVIS,SHOULDER GIRDLE
AS TRUNK DYNAMICALLY STABLE.
• 2-3 YEARS JUMPING
• 4 YEARS STANDING ON ONE LEG
• 5 YEARS HOPPING
Prone Development
Extension
Prone Development
Extension
Prone Development
Extension
Supine Development
Flexion
Supine Development
Flexion
Supine Development
Flexion
Sitting Development
Sitting Development
Standing