LOGISTICS,

2010



logistics
.
,
, logistics.
logistics
,
,
.
.

ii

: LOGISTICS
1. ............................................................................. 1
1.1 ...... 5
1.2 ............. 9
1.3 ERP......................................................................................................... 10
1.4 ............................................................. 12
2. :
...................................................................................................... 15
2.1 logistics ................................ 17
2.2 Logistics ........................................ 21
2.3 Logistics .................................................................................... 22
: LOGISTICS
1. Logistics :
, , ................. 25
1.1 .......................................................................... 26
1.2 Picking Packing ( ) .... 27
1.3 ........................................................................................ 28
1.4 ..................................................................................... 29
2.
....................................................................................................... 30
: LOGISTICS
1. logistics : ..................... 34
1.1 Logistics: .......................................... 37
1.2 Logistics: ................................................... 39
2.Logistics .......................... 43
2.1 ................................................................................... 50
2.2 3PL-4PL: logistics
...................................................................................................................... 52
2.3
............................................................ 59

iii

 :LOGISTICS :
1. . ........................ 67
2. ....................................................................................................... 68
2.1 ...................... 70
2.2 DHL ...................................................................................... 71
2.3 ...................................................................................................... 74
2.4 ...................................................................................... 75
.............................................................................................................................. 77
.................................................................................................................................... 80
................................................................................................................................. 83

iv



.
,
.
,
, ,
, .

.

.

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.

logistics
. ,
.

Logistics .

DHL.
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,
, .
, MRP ERP

.

logistics, .

 logistics
.
.
,
logistics,

.
logistics

, ,

PickingPacking

( ),

.

logistics
,
.

third party logistics,
.

.

, .

DHL .
.

logistics .

. .
, .

vi


LOGISTICS
1. -

,
.

: ,
,
. ,

, [Lambert
D.M., Stock J.R., 2004].

. ,
.

.

.
, , , .

.
,
.
, [Y.
Yusufa, A. Gunasekaranb, and M. S. Abthorpe, 2004].

.
(Input), (Processing),
(Output) [. 1]. (data)

1

 , , .
,
. (information)

.

1:
: Laudon & Laudon, 2006

,
, ,
, ,
.
, ,

(standards).
,
(feedback).

: ,
, ,

, , ,
. ,
(..) ,

 ,
[Mouratidis H.,
Giorgini P., Manson G., 2005].
,
.
.
, ,
,
,
,
,
.

( ), (
) (
, ).
, .
, ,
. ,
.
. ' .
,
. ,

, .
. (operational
level), (tactical level) (strategic
level).
.
.

 . [Lambert D.M., Stock J.R.,

2004]

1.1

1960
.

,
(inventory control). ,
(Economic Order Quantity - EOQ),
(safety stock - SS), (Bill of Material
Processing - ) (Work Order Management WOM).
.

.
, (

),

, .

,
.
.

, .
,
, .
1960 ,
(Material Requirements Planning MRP) ,
.
MRP
- .

 ,
[. 2].
-, ( )
Bill-Of-Materials (),
(lead times)

.
MRP :
.
.
, ,
,
.
MRP :
, ,
,
.
,
.

.

2. MRP.
: http://www.aqs.gr/

 MRP ,
(Capacity
Requirements Planning - CRP). , MRP,
,
(forecasting and sales planning),
(MPS)
(demand management order
promising).
(MPS) MRP
. MRP
, ,

.

, CRM WMS.
CRM (Customer Relationship Management Marketing)
,
( ).

. [Stanton, Rubinestein, 2005]
, WMS ,


, (putaway
picking).
20 ,

. ,
,
,
[Cornford T., Smithson S., 2006].
, ,
,

.
.
, : ,
, , .. [Laudon K., Laudon J., 2006.]

1.2

.
:
.

.
.

.
, .

:
.
.
.

.

.

, , , .
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
:
9

 (mainframe.
.
.

1.3 ERP
RP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
,

. ,


[. 3],
.[Drucker,1995]
ERP
,
,
,
- - . [SimchiLevi, Kaminsky, 2003]
ERP :
(Planning):
, ,
, ..

(Execution):

, logistics (,
) , ,
.
(Analysis): (,
..), , ,
.

10

 3: ERP
: Handfield, Nichols, 1999

ERP .
,
,

[Simchi- Levi, Kaminsky, 2003]. ,



.
. ,
[Drucker,1995].

.
ERP
,
,
, (data),
, ,
.

11

1.4

, , '
, ERP .

,
[Cornford, Smithson , 2006].


. : [Mouratidis,
Paolo, Gordon, 2005] [Bacon, Baker, Detterman, Harison, Little, Schoenherr, Tamly,
Thomas, 2000] [Dudley, Lasserre, 1989]
SCMS (Supplier and Contract Management System /
)
KMS (Knowledge Management Systems / )
OAS (Office Automation Systems / )
TPS

(Transaction

Processing

Systems

)
ERP (Enterprise resource planning / E
)
ESS (Executive Support Systems / )
DSS (Decision Support Systems / )
MIS

(Management

Information

Systems

)

.

,
.

12

 . ,, ,
.
, SCMS ,

.
.
SCMS, CSM (Coordinated Services Management -
) ,
,
logistics ,
.
OAS
.

.
,
OAS

KMS

,

.
TPS

.

.
(ESS )
. T DSS
, ,
.
,

(MIS) ,
,
.
13

 ERP
.
,
.
, ,
. ,
-.
( ),

( ).

,
.

.
.
.
,
,
.

.
.

14

2. :

(SCM) ,
, .
() ,

, . [Gattorna J.,1996]
(Supply Chain Management)
,

,
.
,
(
),
.

,
,
.
(Simulation
Procedures), (Value added activities),
(point of sale), (Return Of Investment, R.O.I)..
,
,
,
[Handfield, R., Nichols, E.L., 1999].
Logistics ,

. ,

15


[McCellan, 2003].
,
SCMs (

), ,

, .

16

2.1 logistics
logistics
:
:
-,
,
.
( )
.
, ,
.
:
,
,
,
, ,
.


.
:

. ,

(..
)
[Simchi- Levi D., Kaminsky P., SimchiLevi E., 2003].

, , ,
,
.

17


.
:

,
. (
) .

.
.
:
Logistics
,

.
,
-,
.
:
H
, .


.

.
:
,
.
.
.
:
i)
.
18

ii) .

,
,
..
:

.
, ,
, .
,
.


, ,
.
,
- ,
,
,
, ,
,

, .
:
,
,
,
. ,
(container) , , .
,
,
.
- :
19

 Logistics
.

(), ,
, ,
.
:


. ,
.
SCM. ,

.



[Simchi- Levi D., Kaminsky P., Simchi- Levi E., 2003].

Marketing
.
:

,
Logistics.

.


.
.
:

20





.

.


[McCellan, 2003].

2.2 Logistics

. Logistics
.
Logistics h
,
.

internet.
.
/

/ . [Oxley, 1999].

21

2.3 I Logistics

(178/2002)
1
2005.
logistics
WMS (WareHouse
Management Systems) ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning),
(BarCode),
(RFID)
/ ,
LOT .

.


.
,

.

. [ISO,
2005]


,
.



.

,

22

 .
;

;
;

.

.
.


.

.
.
.

.


.

/
,
.
,

. (GPRS/GSME, WLAN, Ehternet, RS232)
.
ERP
,
WHMS.

23

,
.
,

.


,
.

.
,

EDA .

.



.

.
[McCellan, 2003]


.

24



LOGISTICS
1. Logistics
: , ,

,
, ,
.
,
(Operations Research)
(Logistics Management)

Logistics,
. logistics ( )
10% 30% , .
,
1% 3%, ,
Logistics,
.

,
,
. , on line real time
, ,
barcode ,

, , o on line
(, )
picking minimum

25

 Logistics
Management.
Logistics.
[ ., 2004] ,
, :
- RISC
INTEL (. Pentium Pro)
(.. UNIX, WINDOWS NT)
RDBMS
client server
clients (.. WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS
NT STATION)
object oriented RAD
LAN (INTERNET).

server.

..

Logistics
Logistics.
1.1
minimum

.
, (pickers, , ..)
( , UCC/EAN 128
UCC/EAN 128).

barcode
.

26

 picking
..


,
. ,
, . [, , 2006]
,
( bar code,
, ...),
, (Warehouse Server)
. :
.

,
,
. [Vogt C., 2002.]
1.2

Picking

Packing

)
- (
),
.
,
,
, ,
,
,

pickers picking (
picking ). [Gattorna J.,1996]
(picking packing)
( ),
27

 ,
(. , ..)

, ,
,
picking .
(Picking) (packing)
.
1.3

.

.
,


.
.:
(, ),
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , .. [Gattorna J.,
1996]

, ,
, ,

. [ , 2006]

28

1.4


, .
(, ,
..)




. [Lambert, D.M., Stock ,
J.R., 2004.]

29

2.

logistics

. ,
logistics. ,
logistics. [Lambert,
D.M., Stock , J.R., 2004.]
, .
,

. ,

.

. , ,
.
Third Party Logistics (3PL),
logistics . 3PL Providers,
logistics,
.

. logistics third party
,
. UPS (Worldwide Logistics), 2000, 3PLs
25%, 2002
28%. , 2000,
10%. , 3PL ,
1998-2002 26,3%.
, 34% 3PL
, 12%
[ , 2003].

30


. ,
,

, .


.



[Cornford, Smithson, 2006].
, ,
logistics .
,


, .
, ,
logistics ,
, .
,
logistics ,
[ Mouratidis,.,Giorgini, P.,
Manson,G., 2005].
:
3PL:
3PL Providers

.
:
logistics
.

31

 logistics.
,
, , management,
marketing.
logistics ,
:
.
15
.
, logistics

.
:
logistics,
. ,
,
. ,

Internet,

logistics.[Gattorna J., 1996]
logistics:

,
. ,
logistics
, ,
.
21 , ,

. .

3PL providers,
logistics.
32

 ,
. ,
.

,
logistics
.
.
TRACE ID,
,
Online & Mobile .

internet,
.
[Vogt C., 2002.]

33


LOGISTICS
1. logistics :

Logistics
Logistics ,
.
,
,
, .

Logistics
:
1. ,

Logistics.
2. - "" - ,
Logistics.
3. " ".
4.
Logistics
.
5.

Logistics.

, '
. [, 2006]
.

Logistics
- Logistics.
Logistics
34


Logistics (
, ). - -

.

[ ., ..,2005].
Logistics .

Logistics.
Logistics .

Logistics
,
.

Logistics - - .

.
Logistics
. Logistics
, Logistics

.[,1999]
ERP
,


. Logistics,
(Customer Relationship Management)
(e-Commerce).
Logistics,
ERP ,
35

 ERP
, .
, ERP

.
(, , , ..)
Logistics
.
/
ERP

Logistics.
,
Logistics (
6-12 )
Logistics
.

Logistics
. , Warehouse Vision
MANTIS ,
SAP, Epicor/ Platinum, Unisoft/Atlantis, DIS/Compak, M&O/400, ..
Logistics
,

Logistics ,
. [,2000]

36

1.1 Logistics:

-
,
Logistics .
,
.

( ).

,

. ,

,
.

.
( )
.
.
( )

. .


.

.
. ,
,
.
.

37

 [
.,2005].
logistics
, , ,

.

,
. .
,
,
,
, .

Michael Porter 1985
. Porter
.
,
( )
[Handfield, Nichols, 1999].


. ,
. ,
. ,
. ,
,
, ,
.


.
.
, .
38

 ,
.
, ,
. ,

, .. [,1999].
,
. ,
,
marketing ,
. ,
A
.
, marketing

( after-sales-services).
,
, , ,
[,2000].

1.2 Logistics:
,
,
: [Lambert, D.M., Stock, J.R., 2004]
1. best of breed , ,

.
PS, OMS, MES, TMS, WMS, -
.

.
2. ERP
(ERP SCM module)

39

 ERP
.


,
, .
best of breed SCM ( OMS, TMS
WMS) internet

.

,
,
( ) [Johnson, G. Scholes, K., 1999].

SCM
Best of Breed , ERP
SCM .

ERP SCM [Kaerkkaeinen, M. ,2003].
Best of Breed

.
(APS)
,
,

.
( ,
, , logistics ..),

.

40

 (OMS)
,
.
,

,
,
APS. SCE
.
OMS
.
MES
,
. ,
,
(SCP),
. ,
(SCP),
,
(, , )
. ,
SRM CRM.
(WMS)
,

, .
,
,

. WMS
MR bar code
.

41

 TMS

. OMS,

,

[, 2003].

42

2. Logistics

, ,
,
[Introna, L.D.,1995].

1970 .
,

. ,
, ,
.
,
(, , , , )
(90% ,
100%),
(, , ,.) [ ,2004]

. ,
. ,

.
.
,
. ,
,
[, 1996]. ,
, ,

.
,
logistics [. 4].

43


.

logistics. [,1996]

4:
: , 1996

.
,

.

, , ,

44

 ,
. , INCOTERMS (International
Commercial Terms),
.[, 1996]

. ,

.
85% .
, logistics,

, , ,
,

.

,
.

,
,
, ,
,.

logistics. ( ),
marketing, , , ,.

marketing, ,
, ,. ,
logistics ,
,
, ,
,

45

, ,
(.. ), .
.

logistics, ,

.
,

,
,
.[ Smith, A.,2006]
.
, ,
50% . ,
,
1%.

.[,1971]
,
,
. ,
, .
,
.
, ,
.
,

,

. ,

46

 ,
.
,
, ,
,
,
(
).[,1995]
,
, , ,
, .
,
,
,
.

(Enterprise Resource System, ERP)
,
.
, , ,

,
,
, .

:
. ,

, scanner

.
,
,
. Logistics
47


,
.
,
(Supply Chain Management, SC)
(Warehouse Management System, WWS), .
Fashion Logistics Sprider
Stores, Zara, Carrefour

logistics .
(Automatic Identification and Data Capture,
AIDC), ,
, Barcode
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
,
. WWS.
AIDC,
(Magnetic Stripe), (RFID),
(Voice and Vision Identification),
( Biometrics), (Smart Cards),
software hardware.
,
.
.
,
.
, .
,
.

20% 40%, .

,
[ .,2005].
48

 ,
, , , ,
,
.

.

. ,
, (, ,
, toner, .,

,


,
.

49

2.1
H
,
1871 Edward Lloyd,
(corporation of Lloyds),
Lloyds of London.

(Lloyds, Commergon, Interamerican, ,
, Brokins, Alpha Groupama )

. ,
(, , ).
,
.
, ,

. ,
.

.

,
.[ .,2004]
,

, / , , ,
, ..
:
,
.
,
..

.
50

 , ,
. ,
(clauses),
.
: , .
, , ,

..

(..

).

:
,
,
..
.
, . ,

.

,
,

,
[ .,2006].
,
.

51

2.2 3PL-4PL: logistics

Logistics
outsourcing, ,
, , ..,
Logistics .

. 3PL
1980.
1990. 4PL
1990, ,
, 1-2 . [Sheu, J.B., 2008]
3PL
- - . 4PL
.
,
. , 3PL
, 4PL .
3PL .
4PL (
). ,
management .
3PL
Logistics . 4PL
.
4PL
3PL .
. O 4PL
3PL,
.
3PL ,
,
, portfolio
52

 ,
4PL. . '
3PL. 2
. [, 2002]
,
outsourcing 3PL,
.
ICAP, 35 . . 1999
( 25 . . 1998),
5.
outsourcing:



Logistics




M 3PL, 4PL

outsourcing .
,
ICAP 40 ,
.
, .
.
1.
, ,
project .

.
, , , , marketing
Logistics.
53

(decision makers), ,
.
Logistics
outsourcing.
2.

Logistics,
outsourcing, ,
. ,
.
3. (RFP)
,
,

.
,
.
4.

,
.
. 1[0]

.
2[0]
.
4 :
( )



,
,
54

 ,
.

, '
(.. ,
..).
5.
1
, ,
.
5 - 8 .
,
outsourcing
.
6. -
3PL (4PL) ,
,
2 . ,

.
.
. ,
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
, . [LaLonde,
Cooper, 1989]
.
3PL, 4PL

Logistics
Logistics
55

 ( & Logistics)
( )

-
(ERP, WMS, reporting, on line
, ..)





-

-


(ISO, HACCP ..)



&
&

3PL, 4PL
outsourcing
(
) .

56

 Logistics
. .
,
, (
) .
:
1.
.

.
.
Logistic.
2.
,
,
.

.
3.

, ,
.
, ,
.
.
4. - Benchmarking
, ,
.
benchmarking
( ),
,
.
5.

57

 ,
.

.
.
,
outsourcing Logistics,
.
3PL, . [, 2002]

58

2.3


(30%), (24%), (13%) (6%).
,
50%. DHL, Federal Express/FedEx,
UPS [ , 2004].

.
.
(, )
logistics.

. 1998, 155.000
.
, 500.000 2000
.
2015[ ., .,2005].

.

http://www.ups.com/,

http://www.tnt.com ,

http://acscourier.gr/,

http://www.dhl.gr/,

http://www.speedex.gr/],

.
DHL INTERNATIONAL HELLAS
H DHL 1978 leader
. Danzas
logistics
.
DHL 10.000

60%

59

 12.000 . [
, 2004]
170.000 ,
5.000 , 430 238
. 75.000 250 ,
228 3.500.000 .
2002 1
21,6 .
DHL 400 5
4 , 10 .
154 2 , 10.000
2002 1.000.000.
24
.

DHL Hellas 6.000 ..
,
. [
., ., 2005]
DHL ISO 9001: 2000.
DHL
.

TNT EXPRESS

Express

200
1000 3,6
.
21.000 43 .
1999
Express Logistics 2003. 3
,
.

60

 103 70
.

24 .

, . ,

,
.
,
,
.
TNT , ,
Logistics.

. ,
.

,
. ,
1-2
2-3
.


. ,
2004
.
On
Line .
, ,
.
UPS E

61

H UPS

1988 FAA .
UPS 185 ,
,
(supply chain solutions)
.
UPS
200 , 3,5
, 257 , 326
153.000 .
7,9
.
UPS E

charters ,
.
Express Centers

.

62

SPEEDEX
1986 1990
GENERAL PARCEL.
SPEEDEX
FOURLIS 2000. SPEEDEX 2001
ISO 9001: 2000.
SPEEDEX 2 .

, . Speedex
.

,
. .
.

.

, .
Speedex 300 600
.
1.400
. Speedex
.
Speedex .
2010.
, .
ACS
ACS
,
1980.
330
,
.

63

 ICAP
.... ACS
.
60 90
392 992
.
. ACS
,
. ,
.

.
,
. ,

. ,
. .
, ()
.
ACS
.

.
,
.
. ,
. ,
. ,
.
.
,
.
.

. . bar
64

codes ,
22
.
ACS
.
.
.
, ACS
.


.

.
. ,
.


2001 -
1987.

.

. GPS,
.

,
.

,
,

.
.
2- 5
65

(, , , , , , , ,
).
.
.

.
10 .
,
.

. 2 4
.
.
.
9:
.

66


LOGISTICS :

DHL..
.

1.
.
, ,
40 3 - Adrian
Dalsey, Larry Hillblom Robert Lynn DHL
. ,
express logistics. 1969, DHL

. DHL ,
. ,
, DHL

- . DHL
(Deutsche Post World Net).
63 . 2007.
DHL -
: 285,000
: 6,500
: 450
( ): 420
: 240
: 76,200
: 220
: 1,5

67

 : 120,000

.
, DHL 1978


, ,
, .
H DHL Hellas ISO 9001:2000
.
(hub) DHL,
6.000 .. .
. 10.000

Airbus A300.
H DHL 10.000
500 . 190
.
, 24
24 , , ,
, . , 13
.

2.
,
, DHL
:
EXPRESS: DHL EXPRESS
express (, )
.
220
, , / .

68

 : ,
,

.
GLOBAL FORWARDING, FREIGHT :
,
. DHL Global Forwarding

.
. ,
logistics.
DHL Freight
.
, : FTL LTL
- , .
SUPPLY CHAIN, CORPORATE INFORMATION SOLUTIONS:
logistics,
.
.
Supply Chain

, , ,
, . H Williams Lea
Corporate Information Solutions.
outsourcing , , , ,
, , , ,
. H Williams Lea
marketing.
: , DHL Global Mail
200
,
.
69

2.1
DHL express
logistics, .
DHL express,
, , logistics

. DHL
220 .
,
, .
300.000
.

.
.


DHL.

( ) .
- .

.
.

.

courier.

70

 - , -,
, ,

.

.
courier
..
-barcodes .

.
,
, ,

.
.
,

,
.


-.
customer
service ,
.., dispatcher, gateway operation
.

2.2 DHL
logistics
.
,
, .

71

 ,
,

.

.
DHL ,

.
DHL 220
,
.
,
.
.
.
DHL
.


.
.
DHL, ,
firewalls,

.

DHL,
DHL
DHL,
.

DHL
. ,
72


.
.
DHL
.
DHL ,
, .
DHL
.
cookies
(browser)
. cookies
,
, .
cookies

. cookies

DHL, cookies
DHL. cookies
( ,
Web beacons) (i)
, ,
, (ii) , (iii)
DHL
(iv)
.
,
DHL
.

. DHL
DHL :

73

1.

, ,

.
2.

DHL DHL.

2.3
DHL Airlines
DHL.
DHL :
European Air Transport ,
DHL, longhaul
, Boeing
757SF/PF Airbus A300B4.
DHL Air UK DHL
East Medlands . DHL Air
UK DHL,
Boeing 757SF.
DHL

,
, .
DHL

, Boeing 727.

74

2.4


. DHL

.

DHL,

(..
)
,
.
DHL 3PL .
- -
.

Logistics .
4PL
,
.

DHL -
,

.


. ,
, . ,

,
,
75

 .
-courrier .

.
, ,
.

.
. ,
,
.

76


logistics

.
,
,
. H

, ,
.

,
logistics
.


.

,


, .


.



. ,


.

77

 logistics
.
-

.

.
logistics
, ,
, .
Logistics


.

.

.


.


.

logistics
.
,
. logistics

.


logistics.
78


,
,
.
,
, logistics
.

,

. ,

.
logistics
,

.
-

.
, logistics
.

.


.

79


DHL :
1969: DHL Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom
Robert Lynn.
1971: DHL (express)
.
/.
1972: , , .
1974: DHL . DHL
3.052 314 .
1976-1978:3 DHL
, .
1977: DHL .
1979: DHL .
, .
1983: DHL
. /.
1985: .
165.000 .
1986: DHL
.
1990: DHL Lufthansa, Japan
Airlines Nissho Iwai.
1991: DHL
.
1993: DHL 60 $ .
1998: Deutsche Post DHL.
1999: DHL Worldwide Express
. 34
Boeing 757SF:
77% CO2 13%

737Fs

80

2002: Deutsche Post World Net DHL 1

. 100%
. : DHL

IT

Cathay

Pacific.

/. ( 2004
) ( 1988).
2003: DHL Sinotrans 5%
Sinotrans. Deutsche Post, DHL
Postbank .
DHL
. DHL
. ,
,
. Airborne Express (3,3 .
2002), DHL
express . , DHL
.
: DHL
200 $.
2004: IT
. DHL
Deutsche Post. 4.000

DHL

Global

Mail.

68% Blue Dart,

.
2004-2005: , DHL,
40 ,
.
,
. DHL
. DHL

81


.
2005: , DHL . 110.000
200 ,
. 1,4
DHL. 3.600
. Deutsche Post World Net
Exel, , , 5,5
. 111.000 Exel 135 . Exel
.
2005 55%
172 (251 ).
2007: DHL .
,

logistics.
2008:

DHL

(Liepzig/Halle) .
,
, DHL,

DHL
.

82


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85