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Chapter 1: Toward Civilization Review

Kylee Hendryx, Alan Nikoian, Max Torres, Daniel G...

What is Geography?
Geography is the study of people, their environment, and their resources available to them.

What does latitude measure?


Latitude measures the distance north or south of the equator.

What does longitude measure?


Longitude measures distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

What are the five themes that sum up the impact of geography?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement Region

What does prehistory refer to?


Prehistory refers to the long period of time before people invented systems of writing.

What is anthropology?
Anthropology is the study of the origins and the development of people and their societies

What is culture?
Culture is the way of life of a society that is handed down from one generation to the next by learning and experience.

What is archaeology and what do archaeologists study?


Archaeology is the study of past people and cultures. They study artifacts, which are objects made by humans.

Who is the most famous Archaeologist?


Indiana Jones.

What was the time period of the paleolithic age?


The Paleolithic age (old stone age) lasted from 2 Million BC to 10,000 BC.

Where did the earliest people live?


Many scholars think that the earliest people lived in what is now East Africa.

How did the Paleolithic people survive in Africa?


They lived in small hunting groups, where everyone helped contribute to feeding the group.

What were the Paleolithic people called?


They were called Nomads, people who move from place to place.

What materials did the nomads use for their weapons/ tools?
They used stone, wood, and even bones.

What major conflict did the Nomadic people face in the environment? They suffered from the ice age.

Where did the paleolithic people stay for the winter?


The paleolithics took refuge in caves, or even under rocky overhangs.

What was the beliefs of the paleolithic people called?


Animism, belief in animals, objects, or dreams. We can conclude that they believe in life after death.

What major accomplishment did the nomads make that helps us today?
They learned to farm and they could settle in one place.

What revolution did the Nomads begin?


Agricultural revolution.

What did the Nomads learn to do to wild animals?


Domesticate/ tame the wild animals.

Who was more superior men or women?


Men.

What role did men/women play in a civilization?


Men were the hunters and warriors Women were second class citizens. They mainly gathered

What did the Neolithic people create to track their crops?


The Calendar

When was warfare increased?


When foods were scarce.

What are the 8 basic features of a civilization?


Cities Well organized government Complex Religions Job Specializations Social Classes Arts and Architecture Public Works Writing

What did villages have to create their tools?


Workshops

Where was the first civilization? Why?


Along the Tigris, Indus, Yellow, Nile, and Euphrates rivers. They favored farming next to a great water supply.

What did farmers do to prevent river flooding?


Built dikes, dug canals, and built irrigation systems

How many gods did the early civilizations believe in?


They were polytheistic believing in many gods.

What type of writing did the early civilizations use?


Pictograms.

What group of people knew how to write?


Scribes.

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