52-2-02

2551
Drinking Behavior of Suranaree University of Technology
Students in Academic Year 2008

2553

 52-2-02

2551
Drinking Behavior of Suranaree University of Technology
Students in Academic Year 2008

2553



2551


3 (1)
(2)
(3)

384 3 (1)

(2)
(3)
Chi- square

1.
1
( 16.9) 2 ( 15.2) 3 ( 13.9)
2.
2.1 16-18 ( 31.0)
2.2 ( 40.1)
2.3 ( 65.7)
2.4 1-2 / ( 38.8)
2.5 ( 31.3)
( 76.8)
2.6 ( 9.2)
2.7
( 28.9 25.9 20.4)
2.8 / ( 28.3) 3-4
( 24.4)
2.9 100-200 / ( 58.9)
2.10 3-4 / ( 60.7)
2.11 ( 25.6)

2.11 ( 44.0)
( 71.4)
( 19.0)
3.

Abstract
The objectives of this study were : (1) to investigate cause and motivation of drinking,
(2) to study students drinking behaviors, and (3) to compare students drinking behaviors based
on their Institutes, i.e. Engineering, Social Technology, Agricultural Technology, Medicine and
Science.
The samples of the study were 384 female and male students from all of the Institutes
and years of study. The research instrument for data collection was the researcher-constructed
checklist . The data obtained were analysed by the descriptive statistics (percentage) and the
Chi-square test.
The research results were as follows :
1. The major cause of and motivation for drinking was the needs for socialization
(16.9 %). The second was the persuasion by friends (15.2 %), and the third one was to release
emotional tension or to relax (13.9 %).
2. Regarding the drinking behaviors of the students, it was found that :
2.1 The majority of students started drinking for the first time at the ages of 16 18
(31.0 %).
2.2 The first drink was mostly beer (40.1 %).
2.3 The people they drank with were mostly friends (65.7 %).
2.4 Most students reportedly drank once or twice a month (38.8 %).
2.5 Places for drinking were mostly pubs and discotheques (31.3 %); they hardly
drank on campus (76.8 %).
2.6 If they happened to drink on campus, they chose to do it at the dormitories (9.2
%).
2.7 The students usually chit-chatted (28.9 %) and sang songs (25.9 %) while they
were drinking (20.4 %).
2.8 When the quantity of beer was considered (28.3 %), it was found that on average a
student drank about 3 4 glasses up to one litre bottle at one event.
2.9 The students reportedly spent about 100 200 baht on drinks at one event
(58.9 %).

2.10 The students usually spent around 3 4 hours drinking at one event (60.7 %).
2.11 Twenty five percent of the samples smoked while drinking, but no drugs were
involved.
2.12 Most of the students reported that they would remain their drinking behaviors in
the future (44.4 %) and that drinking (71.4 %) would not have an impact on or interfere with their
study (9.0 %).
3. In terms of drinking freedom among the students from different Institutes, i.e.
Engineering, Social Technology, Agricultural Technology, Medicine and Science, the chi-square
results showed no significant differences in most aspects. However, significant differences were
found regarding the age at first drink, kind of first drinks, frequency of drinking, place of
drinking, and witness fighting activities affected by drinking.

( . )
( . )
( ) . (
) .

1 .....................................................................................................................
1. ..
2.
.........................................................................
3.
4. .......................................................................
5.
......................................................................
2 .............................................................................
1. ........................................................................
...........................................................
2.
....................................................................................
2.1 ...............................................................
2.2 .......................................
2.3 .......................................................
3. ....................................................................................
4. ...........................................................................
3 ..................................................................................................
1. ......................................................................

1
1
3
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
10
12
13
13

2. .............................................................................
3. ..........................................................................
4. .............................................................................
()

5. ..................................................................................
4 ............................................................................................................
1.
2551..................................
2.

.......................................................................
5 .....................................................
1. .........................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................
3. .............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................

.....................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................

14
15
15

16
17
17

29
56
56
57
59
60
62
63
68
71

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

12
13
14
17
18
18
19
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26

23
24
25
26

26
27
27
28

()

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

37
38

28
28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

37

38

39

39
40

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51

()

40
41

42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52

52
53

53
53

()

54
55

54
55

1.




( , 2552)
.. 2551 14 2551 31 4

27 5 20
29 (, 2551)

( , ...)
(...)



1)

2)
3)

Korsakoff syndrome

4)
5)
6)
( ,
...)
(2549)
500

218 (...)

2,000 100
10.0 20,000
415 0.9
11



.. 2536

30 2548 (, 2551) 6
16.
10 - 50 (
) 17.

51 - 60 ( 1 ) 18.

51 99 ( 1
3 )

4 2551 1
(, 2551)
2550
327 64
19.5
13 38 (
, 2551)

2.
2.1
2.2
2.3

3.
3.1
2551 8,750 ( , 2551)
3.2
4.
4.1

4.2


4.3

( , 2546)

4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

5.
5.1
5.2

2551
1.

( , 2544)
(Behavior)
(Stimulus)
(,
2552)
(Organism)

( , 2546)

2.
2.1


( , 2546)
(Ethyl Alcohol)
( , 2536)

( , 2541)


( , 2546)
0.5 80 (
, 2549)


( , 2537)

78.58

(, 2530)


2.2 2 (
, 2541)
2.2.1 (Distilled Liquors)
()

() ()
(Essence Flavos) (Extract)

2.2.2 (Fermented Liquors)

2.3

2.3.1 (Brandy)


3

1) (Domestic Brandy)
Regency Brandy, Germany Brandy
2) (Regular
Brandy)

3) (Premium Brandy)
(Connac)
(Armagnac)
2.3.2 (Fruit Brandy)
2
1) (White Fruit Brandy)


2) (Colour Fruit Brandy)

2.3.3 (Whisky)

2.3.4 (Rum)

3
1) (White Rum)
Silver Rum

2) (Gold Rum)
(Caramel)

3) (Dark Rum)

Rum Coke Cuba

Libre Punch
40
75.5
2.3.5

2.3.6 (Vodka)

Screw Driver, Bloody Mary, Vodka Matini, Saltry Dogs
Borzoi, Smirnoff, Stolighinaya
2.3.7 (Taguila)
Mezcal


tequila sunrise, Margarita
El Toro, Cuervo, Sauza
2.3.8

2.3.9

2.3.10 (Wine)

3
1) Table Wine Still Wine
10 13
3
(1) (Red Wine)

Dry
(2) (White Wine)

(3) (Rose Wine)

2) Sparkling Wine
Sparkling Wine
champangne
Sparkling Wine

3) Fortfied Wine 18 19

2.3.11 (Beer)

2.3.12 /

2.3.13

10

3.
(2549)
(
62.8) ( 85.5)
( 9.7)
( 49.9) ( 41.2) 7
7
218
( 2 5 5 0 )
.. 2550
24
100-200
2-3

( 80.2) ( 80.2)
(2550)


( = 141.6, S.D = 24.7)
.05
( = 158.3, S.D = 12.2)
( = 113.6, S.D = 11.4)

.05
(2543)

( 80.0)
( 56.5) ( 43.5)
( 80.5) 1-2 ( 15.6)

( 52.0) ( 36.3)

11

( 11.7)
( 42.9) ( 28.6) ( 25.9)
( 71.4)
( 61.9)
(2549)


(
48.2) ( 30.5)
( 20.0)
( 49.4)
( 56.8) ( 43.1)
( 53.7)

( 53.8)
( 80.7)
( 75.6)
(2549)

12

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(2549)

(2549)

(2543)

(2550)

(2550)

(2549)

/
/
/

/
/

/
/

/
/

1
3
1
2
2
1

4.

1
4 1) // 2) 3)
4)
//

1.
1.1

2551 8,750
1.2
1.2.1

Z 2 pqN
2
n
=

d 2 ( N 1) + Z 2

pq

(1.96) 2 (0.5)(0.5)(8,750)
(0.05) 2 (8,750 1) + (1.96) 2 (0.5)(0.5)

(3.8416)(0.25)(8,750)
(0.0025)(8,749) + (3.8416)(0.25)

8,403.50
22.8329

= 369.04
1.2.2
2

1.
3,691 2,243 5,934 162 98 260
2.
63
37 100
3
2
5
3.
280 833 1,113 12
37
49
4.
206 588 794
9
26
35
5.
146 663 809
6
29
35

4,386 4,364 8,750 192 192 384

14

1.2.3
3

192
50.0

192
50.0

384
100.0

27.9
107
1
38.8
149
2
22.9
88
3
10.4
40
4

384
100.0

67.7
260

9.1
35

12.8
49

9.1
35

1.3
5

384
100.0
3
( 50) 2 ( 38.8) 1 (
27.9) 4 ( 10.4)
( 67.7) ( 12.8)
( 1.3)
( 100.0)
2.

15

3.
3.1 2
1

2
3.2
3.2.1

3.2.2

3.2.3
(Content
Validity) 3
4.
2550
6

4.1
2 1
4.2 2
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
4.3 3 4-6
2552 18.00 .- 22.00 .

4.4 15.0 440
4.5
384

16

5.
SPSS for Windows
5.1

5.2

5.3
Chi- square

1.
2551
2.


1.

2551
4

31.0
119
16-18
30.5
117
19-21
22.4
33
13-15
8.6
86
21
4.7
18
10-12
2.9
11
10

384
100.0
4 16-18 ( 31.0)
19-21 ( 30.5)

18

40.1
154

30.2
116

14.3
55

4.4
17

3.1
12

2.9
11
/
2.9
11

1.6
6

0.5
2

384
100.0
5 ( 40.1)
( 30.2)
6

()
33.5
163

20.4
99

12.8
62

10.7
52

9.0
44

6.1
30

5.6
27

1.8
9

486
100.0
n = 384 1
6 ( 33.5)
( 20.4)

19

()
65.7
295

19.2
86
/
7.1
32

6.9
31
/
1.1
5

449
100.0
n = 384 1
7 ( 65.7)
/ ( 19.2)
8

47.7
183

21.1
81

12.2
47

10.7
41

6.5
25

1.3
2

0.5

384
100.0
8
( 47.7)
( 21.1)

20

()
27.9
288

23.1
239

12.1
125

10.9
113

6.7
69

5.9
61

4.5
47

4.6
45

3.8
39
/
0.7
7

1,033
100.0
n = 384 1
9 ( 27.9)
( 23.1)
10

()
16.9
203

15.2
182

13.9
167

9.1
109

9.1
109

5.4
65

5.1
61

4.1
49

3.4
41
/
3.3
40

2.8
34

21

31

2.6

22

10 ()

()
25
2.1
22
1.8
22
1.8
15
1.3
15
1.3
10
0.8
1,200
100.0

n = 384 1
10 ( 16.9)
( 15.2)
11

1-2 /
149
38.8
1
71
18.4
1-2 /
68
17.7
3-4 /
42
10.9
2-3 /
39
10.1

15
3.9

384
100.0
11 1 2 / (
38.8) 1 ( 18.5)
12

()

267
51.9

171
33.3

39
7.6

23
4.5

14
2.7

514
100.0
n = 384 1

23

12 ( 51.9)
( 33.3)
13

()
31.3
207

25.6
169

19.7
130

14.7
97

5.7
38

3.0
20

661
100.0
n = 384 1
13 ( 31.3)
( 25.6)
14

()
76.8
308

9.2
37

6.7
27

4.0
16

2.3
9

0.8
3

0.2
1

401
100.0
n = 384 1
14 ( 76.8)
( 9.2)
( 6.7)

24

15

()
23.6
233

19.8
196

16.6
164

16.5
163

7.1
70
/
5.4
53

5.2
51

2.8
28

1.8
18

1.2
12

988
100.0
n = 384 1
15
( 23.6) ( 19.8)
16

()
41.0
366

23.4
209

15.8
141

8.0
72

5.7
51

2.8
25

1.6
14

0.9
8

0.8
7

893
100.0
n = 384 1

25

16 ( 41.0)
( 23.4)
17

()
28.9
287

25.9
258

20.4
203

14.4
143

4.4
44
/
2.1
21

2.1
21

1.5
15

0.3
3

995
100.0
n = 384 1
17 ( 28.9)
( 25.9)
18

()
28.9
229

19.2
152

16.9
134

16.7
132

14.4
114

3.0
24

0.9
7

792
100.0
n = 384 1
18 ( 28.9)
( 19.2)

26

19

28.3
109
/
24.4
94
3-4
12.2
47
/
8.5
33
/
8.5
33

7.5
29

4.9
19

2.8
11
(1 )
2.3
9
()

384
100.0
19 / ( 28.4)
3-4 ( 24.5)
20

284
74.0

98
25.6

2
0.5

384
100.0
20 (
74.0) ( 25.6)

27

21

()
47.2
260

30.1
166

8.5
47

7.1
39

4.7
26
/
2.4
13

551
100.0
n = 384 1
21 ( 47.2)
( 30.1)
22

58.9
226
100-200
18.8
72
201-300
7.6
29
100
6.3
24
500
4.7
18
301-400
2.3
9
/1,000
1.5
6
401-500

384
100.0
22 100-200 (
58.9) 201-300 ( 18.8)
23

()

265
36.2

213
29.1

81
11.1

62
8.5

28

23 ()

()
5.7
42

3.0
22

.
2.6
19

2.2
16

1.6
12

732
100.0
n = 384 1
23 ( 36.2)
( 29.1)
24

60.7
233
3-4 /
15.8
61
1-2 /
12.5
48
5-6 /
4.6
18
1 /
4.1
16
6 /
2.0
8

384
100.0
24 3-4 / ( 60.7)
1-2 / ( 15.9)
25

262
68.2

122
31.8

384
100.0
25 ( 68.4)
( 31.8)

29

26

274
71.4

85
22.1

25
6.5

384
100.0
26 ( 71.4)
( 22.1)
27

44.0
169

37.2
143

9.1
35

5.2
20

4.4
17

384
100.0
27 ( 44.0)
( 37.2)
28

311
81.0

73
19.0

384
100.0
28 ( 81.0)
( 19.0)

30

2.

29

16-18
19-21
21

13-15

10-12

10

()

6
(2.3)
8
(3.3)
67
(25.7)
79
(30.3)
83
(31.9)
17
(6.5)
260
(100)

2
(5.8)
5
(14.3)
5
(14.3)
10
(28.5)
8
(22.8)
5
(14.3)
35
(100)

1
(2.1)
1
(2.1)
7
(14.2)
22
(44.9)
15
(30.6)
3
(6.1)
49
(100)

2
(5.7)
3
(8.6)
6
(17.2)
6
(17.2)
10
(28.5)
8
(22.8)
35
(100)

0
(0)
1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
2
(40.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

11
(2.9)
18
(4.7)
86
(22.4)
119
(31.0)
117
(30.5)
33
(8.5)
384
(100)

(p .05
df = 20 Asymp.Sig = .010* = 2 37.615)
29

31

30

()

87
(33.4)
106
(40.7)
10
(3.9)
8
(3.2)
28
(10.7)
2
(0.8)
10
(3.8)
2
(0.8)
7
(2.7)
260
(100)

7
(20.0)
14
(40.0)
1
(2.9)
2
(5.7)
7
(20.0)
0
(0)
1
(2.8)
3
(8.6)
0
(0)
35
(100)

9
(18.4)
23
(46.9)
1
(2.0)
1
(2.0)
10
(20.4)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(2.0)
4
(8.3)
49
(100)

12
(34.3)
9
(25.7)
4
(11.4)
0
(0)
9
(25.7)
0
(0)
1
(2.9)
0
(0)
0
(0)
35
(100)

1
(20.0)
2
(40.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

116
(30.2)
154
(40.1)
17
(4.4)
11
(2.9)
55
(14.3)
2
(0.5)
12
(3.1)
6
(1.6)
11
(2.9)
384
(100)

2 = 47.543)
(p .05
df = 32 Asymp.Sig = .038*
30

32

31

()

123
(36.7)
20
(6.0)
44
(13.1)
19
(5.7)
21
(6.3)
34
(10.1)
67
(20.0)
7
(2.1)

12
(25.5)
3
(6.4)
7
(14.9)
6
(12.8)
3
(6.4)
4
(8.5)
12
(25.5)
0
(0)

16
(27.1)
16
(27.1)
9
(15.3)
1
(1.7)
1
(1.7)
5
(8.5)
9
(15.3)
2
(3.4)

10
(25.0)
4
(10.0)
1
(2.5)
3
(7.5)
2
(5.0)
9
(22.5)
11
(27.5)
0
(0)

2
(40.0)
1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)

163
(33.5)
44
(9.1)
62
(12.8)
30
(6.2)
27
(5.6)
52
(10.7)
99
(20.4)
9
(1.9)

486
(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)
2 = 21.146)
(p .05
df = 16 Asymp.Sig = .173
3 1

335 47

59

40

33

32

()

21
(6.9)
201
(65.9)
59
(10.3)
21
(6.9)
3
(1.0)
305
(100)

3
(7.0)
27
(62.8)
10
(23.2)
2
(4.7)
1
(2.3)
43
(100)

2
(3.7)
36
(66.7)
10
(18.5)
5
(9.3)
1
(1.8)
54
(100)

6
(15.0)
27
(67.5)
5
(12.5)
2
(5.0)
0
(0)
40
(100)

0
(0)
4
(57.1)
2
(28.6)
1
(14.3)
0
(0)
7
(100)

32
(7.1)
295
(65.7)
86
(19.2)
31
(6.9)
5
(1.1)
449
(100)

2 = 8.409)
(p .05
df = 12 Asymp.Sig = .752
3 2

34

()

3
1
(1.1) (2.9)

0
(0)

1
(2.9)

0
(0)

5
(1.3)

3
(6.1)
18
(36.7)
1
(2.0)
1
(2.0)
20
(40.8)
6
(12.2)
49
(100)

3
(8.6)
7
(20.0)
4
(11.4)
1
(2.9)
18
(51.4)
1
(2.96)
35
(100)

1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(40.0)
1
(20.0)
5
(100)

47
(12.2)
81
(21.1)
25
(6.5)
2
(0.5)
183
(47.7)
41
(10.7)
384
(100)

33

37
(14.2)
50
(19.2)
19
(7.3)
0
(0)
123
(47.3)
28
(10.8)
260
(100)

3
(8.7)
5
(14.3)
1
(2.9)
0
(0)
20
(57.1)
5
(14.3)
35
(100)

(p .05
df = 24 Asymp.Sig = .257 2 = 28.078)
3 3

35

34

(p .05

df = 40

Asymp.Sig = .442

()

170
(24.0)
194
(27.4)
76
(10.7)
46
(6.5)
71
(10.0)
36
(5.1)
46
(6.5)
33
(4.7)
30
(4.2)
5
(0.7)
707
(100)

22
(24.4)
26
(28.9)
12
(13.3)
7
(7.8)
11
(12.2)
3
(3.3)
2
(2.2)
3
(3.3)
2
(2.2)
2
(2.2)
90
(100)

25
(20.5)
38
(31.1)
20
(16.4)
7
(5.7)
15
(12.3)
4
(3.3)
7
(5.7)
4
(3.3)
2
(1.6)
0
(0)
122
(100)

19
(17.9)
27
(25.5)
16
(15.1)
9
(8.5)
15
(14.1)
4
(3.8)
6
(5.7)
5
(4.7)
5
(4.7)
0
(0)
106
(100)

3
(37.5)
3
(37.5)
1
(12.5)
0
(0)
1
(12.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
8
(100)

239
(13.1)
288
(27.9)
125
(12.1)
69
(6.7)
113
(10.9)
47
(4.5)
61
(5.9)
45
(4.5)
39
(3.8)
7
(0.7)
1,033
(100)

= 40.647)

36

3 4

35

()

37
(4.6)
14
(1.7)
16
(2.0)
27
(3.3)
129
(16.0)
19
(2.4)
147
(18.2)
13
(1.6)
23
(2.8)
117
(14.5)
39
(4.8)

4
(4.0)
0
(0)
1
(1.0)
6
(6.0)
19
(19.0)
5
(5.0)
15
(15.0)
3
(3.0)
4
(4.0)
15
(15.0)
7
(7.0)

11
(6.2)
5
(2.8)
5
(2.8)
9
(5.1)
19
(10.8)
4
(2.3)
26
(14.8)
3
(1.7)
8
(4.5)
19
(10.8)
9
(5.1)

12
(11.1)
3
(2.8)
3
(2.8)
6
(5.6)
13
(12.0)
3
(2.8)
12
(11.1)
3
(2.8)
5
(4.6)
15
(13.9)
6
(5.6)

1
(11.1)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(22.2)
0
(0)
3
(33.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(11.1)
0
(0)

65
(5.4)
22
(1.8)
25
(2.1)
48
(4.0)
182
(15.2)
31
(2.6)
203
(16.9)
22
(1.8)
40
(3.3)
167
(13.9)
61
(5.1)

37

35 ()

6
(0.7)
82
(10.2)
68
(8.4)
8
(1.0)
27
(3.3)

1
(1.0)
6
(6.0)
10
(10.0)
1
(1.0)
0
(0)

2
(1.1)
12
(6.8)
20
(11.4)
4
(2.3)
6
(3.4)

1
0
10
(0.9) (0) (0.8)
8
1
109
(7.4) (11.1) (9.1)
10
1
109
(9.3) (11.1) (9.1)
2
0
15
(1.8) (0) (1.3)
1
0
34
(0.9) (0) (2.8)

23
(2.8)
11
(1.4)
806
(100)

2
(2.0)
1
(1.0)
100
(100)

11
(6.2)
3
(1.7)
176
(100)

5
0
(4.6) (0)
0
0
(0) (0)
108 9
(100) (100)

()

41
(3.4)
15
(1.3)
1,199
(100)

2 = 37.239)
(p .05
df = 56 Asymp.Sig = .975
3 5

38

36

1-2 /
1

1-2 /

3-4 /

()

8
(3.1)
24
(9.2)
44
(16.9)
105
(40.4)
47
(18.1)
32
(12.3)
260
(100)

1
(2.9)
6
(17.1)
7
(20.0)
16
(45.7)
5
(14.3)
0
(0)
35
(100)

0
(0)
4
(8.2)
14
(28.6)
14
(28.6)
12
(24.5)
5
(10.2)
49
(100)

6
(17.1)
6
(17.1)
1
(2.9)
14
(40.0)
6
(17.1)
2
(5.7)
35
(100)

0
(0)
2
(40.0)
2
(40.0)
0
(0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

15
(3.9)
42
(10.9)
68
(17.7)
149
(38.8)
71
(18.5)
39
(10.2)
384
(100)

2 = 46.103)
(p .05
df = 20 Asymp.Sig = .001*
36

39

37

()

10
(2.8)
119
(33.4)
16
(4.5)
185
(52.0)
26
(7.3)
356
(100)

3
(7.0)
11
(25.6)
3
(7.0)
23
(25.6)
3
(7.0)
43
(100)

1
(1.5)
25
(37.3)
3
(4.5)
30
(44.8)
8
(11.9)
67
(100)

0
(0)
13
(32.5)
0
(0)
25
(62.5)
2
(5.0)
40
(100)

0
(0)
3
(37.5)
1
(12.5)
4
(50.0)
0
(0)
8
(100)

14
(2.7)
171
(33.3)
23
(4.5)
267
(51.9)
39
(7.6)
514
(100)

2 = 13.274)
(p .05
df = 12 Asymp.Sig = .349
3 7

40

38

(p .05

df = 20

Asymp.Sig = .050*

()

67
(14.6)
117
(25.5)
144
(31.4)
25
(5.4)
91
(19.8)
15
(3.3)
459
(100)

9
(15.3)
16
(27.1)
17
(28.8)
3
(5.1)
13
(22.0)
1
(1.7)
59
(100)

12
(14.1)
23
(27.1)
22
(25.9)
7
(8.2)
17
(20.0)
4
(4.7)
85
(100)

8
(16.3)
10
(20.4)
20
(40.8)
3
(6.1)
8
(16.3)
0
(0)
49
(100)

1
(11.1)
3
(33.3)
4
(44.1)
0
(0)
1
(11.1)
0
(0)
9
(100)

97
(14.7)
169
(25.6)
207
(31.3)
38
(5.7)
130
(19.7)
20
(3.0)
661
(100)

= 19.281)

38

41

39

24
(8.9)
8
(3.0)
2
(0.7)
1
(0.4)
16
(5.9)
211
(78.4)
7
(2.6)

1
(2.7)
3
(8.1)
1
(2.7)
0
(0)
2
(5.4)
30
(81.1)
0
(0)

9
(17.3)
3
(5.8)
0
(0)
0
(0)
6
(11.5)
33
(63.5)
1
(1.9)

3
0
(7.9) (0)
2
0
(5.3) (0)
0
0
(0) (0)
0
0
(0) (0)
3
0
(7.9) (0)
29
5
(76.3) (100.0)
1
0
(2.6) (0)

52

38

()

37
(9.2)
16
(4.0)
3
(0.7)
1
(0.2)
27
(6.7)
308
(76.8)
9
(2.2)

401
(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)
2 = 12.419)
(p .05
df = 12 Asymp.Sig = .413
3 9

269 37

42

40

()

160
(23.3)
117

(17.0)
12

(1.7)
34

(4.9)
144

(20.9)
117

(17.0)
17

(2.5)
36
(5.2)

23
(28.7)
12
(15.0)
2
(2.5)
5
(6.2)
18
(22.5)
11
(13.7)
1
(1.2)
4
(5.0)

31
(22.3)
20
(14.4)
2
(1.4)
10
(7.2)
21
(15.1)
21
(15.1)
6
(4.3)
9
(6.5)

17
(24.6)
11
(15.9)
2
(2.9)
3
(4.3)
13
(18.8)
12
(17.4)
3
(4.3)
1
(1.4)

2
(16.7)
3
(25.0)
0
(0)
1
(8.3)
0
(0)
3
(25.0)
1
(8.3)
1
(8.3)

233
(23.6)
163
(16.5)
18
(1.8)
53
(5.4)
196
(19.8)
164
(16.6)
28
(2.8)
51
(5.2)

42
3
18
6
1
(6.1) (3.7) (12.9) (8.7) (8.3)
9
1
1
1
0
(1.3) (0.7) (0.7) (1.4) (0)

70
(7.1)
12
(1.2)

688 80 139 69

988

12

43

(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)

2 = 41.460)
(p .05
df = 36 Asymp.Sig = .245
4 0

41

24

(p .05

df = 24

Asymp.Sig = .690

()

115
(21.2)
100
(18.4)
17
(3.1)
77
(14.2)
94
(17.3)
131
(24.2)
8
(1.5)
542
(100)

13
(16.2)
14
(17.5)
5
(6.2)
13
(16.2)
13
(16.2)
21
(26.2)
1
(1.2)
80
(100)

26
(24.3)
21
(19.6)
5
(4.7)
19
(17.8)
18
(16.8)
17
(15.9)
1
(0.9)
107
(100)

15
(19.5)
15
(19.5)
2
(2.6)
13
(16.9)
14
(18.2)
16
(20.8)
2
(2.6)
77
(100)

3
(25.0)
1
(8.3)
0
(0)
3
(25.0)
2
(16.7)
3
(25.0)
0
(0)
12
(100)

172
(21)
151
(18.5)
29
(3.5)
125
(15.3)
141
(17.2)
188
(23)
12
(1.5)
818
(100)

= 20.126)

44

4 1

42

()

31
(5.2)
247
(41.7)
37
(6.2)
92
(15.5)
145
(24.5)
9
(1.5)
6
(1.0)
21
(3.5)
4
(0.7)
592
(100)

5
(6.3)
32
(40.5)
12
(15.2)
11
(13.9)
17
(21.5)
1
(1.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(1.3)
79
(100)

9
(6.9)
48
(36.6)
12
(9.2)
23
(17.6)
31
(23.7)
3
(2.3)
1
(0.8)
3
(2.3)
1
(0.8)
131
(100)

6
(7.4)
34
(42.0)
10
(12.3)
13
(16.0)
14
(17.3)
1
(1.2)
1
(1.2)
1
(1.2)
1
(1.2)
81
(100)

0
(0)
5
(50.0)
1
(10.0)
2
(20.0)
2
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
10
(100)

51
(5.7)
366
(41)
72
(8.1)
141
(15.8)
209
(23.4)
14
(1.6)
8
(0.9)
25
(2.8)
7
(0.8)
893
(100)

45

2 = 21.271)
(p .05
df = 28 Asymp.Sig = .814
4 2

43

()

173
(26.5)
122

(18.6)
199

(30.4)
99

(15.1)
9

(1.4)
12

(1.8)
28
/
(4.3)
11
(1.7)

24
(24.7)
27
(27.8)
24
(24.7)
16
(16.5)
2
(2.1)
1
(1.0)
2
(2.1)
1
(1.0)

32
(22.2)
29
(20.1)
36
(25.0)
17
(11.8)
2
(1.4)
6
(4.2)
12
(8.3)
9
(6.2)

24
(27.0)
23
(25.8)
25
(28.0)
10
(11.2)
2
(2.2)
2
(2.2)
2
(2.2)
0
(0)

5
(45.4)
2
(18.2)
3
(27.2)
1
(9.1)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)

258
(25.9)
203
(20.4)
287
(28.8)
143
(14.4)
15
(1.5)
21
(2.1)
44
(4.4)
21
(2.1)

1
(0.1)

0
(0)

1
1
(0.7) (1.1)

0
(0)

3
(0.3)

46

654 97 144 89 11 995

(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)

2 = 46.025)
(p .05
df = 32 Asymp.Sig = .052
4 3

44

(p .05

df = 28

Asymp.Sig = .325

()

81
(14.6)
158
(28.5)
95
(17.1)
113
(20.4)
11
(2.0)
90
(16.2)
6
(1.1)
554
(100)

8
(11.6)
23
(33.3)
11
(15.9)
14
(20.3)
3
(4.3)
10
(14.5)
0
(0)
69
(100)

19
(19.0)
29
(29.0)
13
(13.0)
14
(14.0)
7
(7.0)
17
(17.0)
1
(1.0)
100
(100)

6
(9.8)
16
(26.2)
14
(22.9)
10
(16.4)
3
(4.9)
12
(19.7)
0
(0)
61
(100)

0
(0)
3
(37.5)
1
(12.5)
1
(12.5)
0
(0)
3
(37.5)
0
(0)
8
(100)

114
(14.4)
229
(28.9)
134
(16.9)
152
(19.2)
24
(3.0)
132
(16.7)
7
(0.9)
792
(100)

= 30.831)

47

4 4

()

/
/
/

3-4

(1 )

45

()

8
(3.1)
19
(7.3)
56
(21.5)
3
(1.1)
15
(5.8)
74
(28.5)
36
(13.8)
24
(9.2)
25
(9.6)
260

0
(0)
5
(14.3)
10
(28.6)
2
(5.7)
2
(5.7)
11
(31.4)
3
(8.6)
2
(5.7)
0
(0)
35

1
(2.0)
5
(10.2)
10
(20.4)
2
(4.1)
2
(4.1)
13
(26.5)
6
(12.2)
6
(12.2)
4
(8.2)
49

2
(5.7)
4
(11.4)
15
(42.8)
2
(5.7)
0
(0)
10
(28.5)
1
(2.8)
1
(2.8)
0
(0)
35

0
(0)
0
(0)
3
(60.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5

11
(2.9)
33
(8.6)
94
(24.5)
9
(2.3)
19
(4.9)
109
(28.4)
47
(12.2)
33
(8.6)
29
(7.6)
384

48

(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)

2 = 36.217)
(p .05
df = 32 Asymp.Sig = .278
4 5

46

()

65
(25.0)
2
(0.8)
0
(0)
0
(0)
193
(74.2)
260
(100)

10
(28.6)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
25
(71.4)
35
(100)

14
(28.6)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
35
(71.4)
49
(100)

8
(22.9)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
27
(77.1)
35
(100)

1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
4
(80.0)
5
(100)

98
(25.6)
2
(0.5)
0
(0)
0
(0)
284
(74.0)
384
(100)

2 = 1.593)
(p .05
df = 8
Asymp.Sig = .991
4 6

49

47

()

170
(46.3)
29
(7.9)
36
(9.8)
18
(4.9)
101
(27.5)
13
(3.5)
367
(100)

29
(51.8)
1
(1.8)
4
(7.1)
3
(5.4)
19
(33.9)
0
(0)
56
(100)

29
(39.2)
6
(8.1)
6
(8.1)
4
(5.4)
29
(39.2)
0
(0)
74
(100)

28
(58.3)
3
(6.3)
1
(2.1)
1
(2.1)
15
(31.2)
0
(0)
48
(100)

4
(66.7)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
2
(33.3)
0
(0)
6
(100)

260
(47.2)
39
(7.1)
47
(8.5)
26
(4.7)
166
(30.1)
13
(2.4)
551
(100)

2 = 22.380)
(p .05
df = 16 Asymp.Sig = .131
4 7

50

48

301-400
401-500
500

201-300

100-200

100

()

19
(7.3)
148
(56.9)
49
(18.8)
12
(4.6)
4
(1.5)
20
(7.7)
8
(3.1)
260
(100)

2
(5.7)
24
(68.6)
8
(22.9)
0
(0)
0
(0)
1
(2.9)
0
(0)
35
(100)

4
(8.2)
30
(61.2)
7
(14.3)
4
(8.2)
2
(4.1)
2
(4.1)
0
(0)
49
(100)

4
(11.4)
21
(60.0)
7
(20.0)
1
(2.9)
0
(0)
1
(2.9)
1
(2.9)
35
(100)

0
(0)
3
(60.0)
1
(20.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

29
(7.6)
226
(58.9)
72
(18.8)
18
(4.7)
6
(1.6)
24
(6.3)
9
(2.3)
384
(100)

51

2 = 17.306)
(p .05
df = 24 Asymp.Sig = .835
4 8

49

()

145
(29.)
172
(35.2)
10
(2.0)
19
(3.9)
11
(2.2)
60
(12.3)
52
(10.6)
6
(1.2)

16
(24.2)
28
(42.4)
3
(4.5)
7
(10.6)
1
(1.5)
7
(10.2)
1
(1.5)
3
(4.5)

32
(30.8)
39
(37.5)
4
(3.8)
7
(6.7)
6
(5.8)
8
(7.7)
5
(4.8)
1
(1.0)

17
(27.0)
21
(33.3)
2
(33.3)
8
(3.2)
3
(4.8)
6
(9.5)
4
(6.3)
2
(3.2)

3
(30.0)
5
(50.0)
0
(0)
1
(10.0)
1
(10.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)

213
(29.1)
265
(36.2)
19
(2.6)
42
(5.7)
22
(3.0)
81
(11.1)
62
(8.5)
12
(1.6)

52

14
0
2
0
0
16
(2.9) (0) (1.9) (0) (0) (2.2)
489 66 104 63 10 732
(100) (100) (100) (100) (100) (100)

2 = 36.845)
(p .05
df = 32 Asymp.Sig = .255
4 9

50

5-6 /
6 /

(p .05

df = 20

Asymp.Sig = .127

3-4 /

1-2 /

1 /

()

10
(3.8)
38
(14.6)
162
(62.3)
32
(12.3)
10
(3.8)
8
(3.1)
260
(100)

6
(17.1)
5
(14.3)
16
(45.7)
6
(17.1)
2
(5.7)
0
(0)
35
(100)

0
(0)
9
(18.4)
33
(67.3)
6
(12.2)
1
(2.0)
0
(0)
49
(100)

2
(5.7)
8
(16.3)
19
(54.3)
4
(11.4)
2
(5.7)
0
(0)
35
(100)

0
(0)
1
(20.0)
3
(60.0)
0
(0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

18
(4.7)
61
(15.9)
233
(60.7)
48
(12.5)
16
(4.2)
8
(2.1)
384
(100)

= 27.314)

53

5 0

51

()

35
(7.7)
71
(15.3)
122
(26.3)
46
(9.9)
30
(6.5)
141
(30.4)
18
(3.9)
463
(100)

8
(10.7)
15
(20.0)
18
(24.0)
8
(10.7)
8
(10.7)
17
(22.7)
1
(1.3)
75
(100)

9
(9.4)
17
(17.7)
28
(29.2)
9
(9.4)
7
(7.3)
22
(22.9)
4
(4.2)
96
(100)

5
(7.8)
11
(17.2)
15
(23.4)
2
(3.1)
11
(17.2)
20
(31.2)
0
(0)
64
(100)

1
(11.1)
1
(11.1)
4
(44.4)
1
(11.1)
1
(11.1)
1
(11.1)
0
(0)
9
(100)

58
(8.2)
115
(16.3)
187
(26.4)
66
(9.3)
57
(8.1)
201
(28.4)
23
(3.3)
707
(100)

54

2 = 25.598)
(p .05
df = 20 Asymp.Sig = .180
5 1

52

174
(69.9)
86
(33.1)
260
(100)

22
(62.9)
13
(37.1)
35
(100)

43
(87.7)
6
(4.2)
49
(100)

19
4
262
(54.3) (80.0) (68.2)
16
1
122
(45.7) (20.0) (31.8)
35
5
384
(100) (100) (100)

()

(p .05
df = 4
Asymp.Sig = .013* 2 = 12.748)
52

53

()

23

25

55

(8.8)
50
(19.2)
187
(71.9)
260
(100)

(0)
12
(34.3)
23
(65.7)
35
(100)

(2.0)
12
(24.5)
36
(73.8)
49
(100)

(2.9)
10
(28.6)
24
(68.6)
35
(100)

(0)
1
(20.0)
4
(80.0)
5
(100)

(6.5)
85
(22.1)
274
(71.4)
384
(100)

2 = 11.406)
(p .05
df = 8
Asymp.Sig = .180
5 3

54

()

14
(5.4)
107
(41.1)
95
(36.5)
29
(11.1)
15
(5.8)
260
(100)

3
(8.6)
12
(34.3)
18
(51.4)
1
(2.9)
1
(2.9)
35
(100)

1
(2.0)
24
(49.0)
19
(38.8)
4
(8.2)
1
(2.0)
49
(100)

2
(5.7)
22
(62.9)
10
(28.6)
1
(2.9)
0
(0)
35
(100)

0
(0)
4
(80.0)
1
(20.0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(100)

20
(5.2)
169
(44.0)
143
(37.2)
35
(9.1)
17
(4.4)
384
(100)

56

2 = 19.217)
(p .05
df = 16 Asymp.Sig = .258
5 4

55

44
(16.9)
216
(83.1)
260
(100)

12
(34.3)
23
(65.7)
35
(100)

10
(20.4)
39
(79.6)
49
(100)

6
1
73
(17.1) (20.0) (19.0)
29
4
311
(82.9) (80.0) (81.0)
35
5
384
(100) (100) (100)

()

2 = 6.185)
(p .05
df = 4
Asymp.Sig = .186
5 5

57

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