Chapter 29-Globalization and the West Globalization o Not a new concept-new stage o Political, social, and economic networks

s that span the globe, integration(bring together into a whole) Liquid modernity-free flow of people, money, and ideas o Economics-flow of money, trade-economies become much more connected and interdependent o Information-1990s Internet and share of information has created a global village-personal computer revolutionized communication Gave a voice to ethnic minorities-satellite tv, fax machines o Immigration-flow of labor, migrant workers o Demographics and Health-accessibility of health care, but travel spreads diseases more rapidly, HIV Birthrates-shrinking in North America and Europe, increasing elsewhere Human Genome Project-mapping DNA Genome Research-exact genetic copy of a sheep o Postcolonial Politics Africa South Africa-Release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela and the legalization of the African National Congress Pacific Rim Study abroad and knowledge of Western ideas China-Tiananmen Square called for resignation of Communist leaderscrushed by Chinese tanks and troops Japan o US Military occupation-1945-52 o Constitution of 1951 o The Japanese Miracle-rapidly emerging economy o Political Islam and the Middle East Arab-Israeli Conflict War-1967-Six Days War 1964-PLO-Plasetinian Liberation Organization created 1978-Egypt Israel Peace Accords-mediated by Jimmy Carter Intifada-uprising-terrorist attacks on Israel o Since 1987 Palestines living in Gaza and the West Bank have been carrying on low level fights against Israeli security forces 1993-Negotiations led to Israel granting autonomy for Palestine in exchange for recognition Oil, Power, Economics-Arab wealth grew after WWII from oil reserves

OPEC formed to control oil prices Embargo of the 1970s caused oil shortages and recessionary economies in the West Political Islam Iran o Reza Pahlavi-ally of US in 1950s and 60s-retired in 1979 creating a power vacuum o Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini-lead a Muslim uprising-replaced the Shah with an Islamic government-52 Americans taken hostage Tehran Unintended Cold War Conflicts Iran-Iraq War-fueled by religious differences and territorial disputes-eight years of war beginning 1980-ended in cease fire Kuwait-invaded in 1990 by Iraq, attempt to restore Iraqs influence and prestige Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm Afghanistan-invaded by Soviet Union in 1979 Taliban take control after Russian withdrawal-support terrorist groups War and Terrorism Early Terrorism-use violence to draw attention to their demands Bombings, hostages, hijackings Terrorists of the 80s and 90s were committed to world ending conflict that would eliminate their enemies and grant martyrdom Al Qaeda-created by Islamic military leaders-fought against a foreign occupation of Afghanistan 11 September 2001-hijacked four planes-Boston, Newark, Washington World Trade Center (seat of Globalization), Pentagon, White House George W. declares a War on Terrorism Afghanistan-Oct 2001-coalition forces expel Taliban Iraq- Weapons of Mass Destruction-2003-feared biological and nuclear weapons would fall into terrorist hands North Korea-nuclear threat exist today After the Korean War-Kin Il Sung ruled Communist North Korea Ireland Irish Republican Army used violence to try and unite Northern Ireland with the Irish Republic Human Rights Development of the Ideas of Human Rights Rooted in the aftermath of World War I and II Part of the Western Tradition of natural law Published by the United Nations-Universal Declaration of Human Rights-co written by Eleanor Roosevelt

Published in 1948 Created the modern notion of human rights Prohibited torture, cruel punishment, freedom of religion and speech Establish democracy by securing social rights End of the Cold War and decolonization made human rights more fitting International institutions gained momentum improved communications and media-Amnesty International (Monitor the rights of individuals) Europe and the United States in the Twenty-First Century Recent global crisis has strengthened the voice of those calling for more selfregulating markets