Introduction:
Microbiology:
micro: tiny, bio: live, & logos: science Study of small organism, To see need a microscope
History:
Aristotles (384-322): living organisms could develop from nonliving materials. 1546 Francastorius: Contagium vivum 1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen : compound microscope. 1643 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek: microscope bacteria
Pengecatan MB media padat dari kentang, kultur murni gelatin Teori infeksi Postulat Koch:
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Organisme harus selalu didapatkan pada penderita. Organisme harus dapat dibuat kultur murni di luar tubuh Hasil kultur bila diinokulasikan pada binatang penyakit yang sama. Organisme dapat diisolasi dan dikultur kembali
M. tuberculosis
Mikroba:
Virus Bakteri Fungi Parasit
Manusia
Taksonomi
Sistem formal dalam: 1. Organisasi 2. Klasifikasi 3. Pemberian nama
Tingkatan Klasifikasi:
Spesies
Hominoidea
Primata Mamalia: binatang menyusui
Kingdom
Animalia: binatang
Contoh strain:
Monera : unicellular, procaryotes Protista : unicellular eucaryotic Plantae : multicellular, eucaryotic Animalia: multicellular, eucaryotic Fungi : multicellular, unicellular, eucaryotic
LM 1000X
EM >10.000X
Yeast cell: 10 12 m
(Fungi)
Pemanfaatan:
Kesehatan
Industri
MIKROBIOLOGI Lingkungan
Pertanian
Mikrobiologi Kesehatan:
Clinical Microbiology:
1. 2.
3. 4.
Pathogenesis of infection diseases Diagnosis laboratory of infection diseases Epidemiology of infectious diseases Control of infection diseases
Masalah Infeksi:
Agen penyebab infeksi Sistem imun manusia terhadap infeksi Diagnosis infeksi
Sistem Imun
legionellosis Toxic shock syndrome Lyme disease Gastric ulcers & tumors Chlamydial pneumonia Invasive streptococcal infections Tuberculosis Cholera Diphtheria Multiple antibiotic resistance
Human immunodeficiency virus West Nile virus Hepatitis viruses African hemorrhagic fever viruses Hantavirus infections Human herpes viruses 6,7,8 Herpes B virus Parvovirus B19 Rotavirus Norwalk virus & other SRVs Rabies Human T-cell lymphotropic virus Resistance to antiviral agents
Virus Jamur
Virus Jamur
Influenza
Influenza pandemics: H1N1 (1918): Spanyol 50 million? H2N2 (1957): Asian 1-2 million H3N2 (1968): Hongkong 1 million
Purnomo Hadi
28
Virus Jamur
Prioritas
Keterampilan Klinis
Referensi Perkuliahan
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Hart T, Shears P. Color atlas of medical microbiology. Times Mirror Int. Pub. 1996. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Dowell VR, Janda WM, Sommers HM, Winn WC. Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 3rded. 1988. JB Lippincott Co. Pennsylvania. Mims CA, Playfair JHL, Roitt IM, Wakelin DW, Williams R, Anderson RM. Medical microbiology. Mosby. London. 1995 Talaro K, Talaro A. Foundations in micrbiology. McGraw-Hill. London. 1996. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH. Manual of clinical microbiology. 8thed. ASM Press. Washington DC. 2003. Internet